1、课时作业(十五)Unit 5Section Developing ideas, Presenting ideas & Reflection阅读理解A At an outdoor restaurant, a cockroach (蟑螂) flew in and landed on a woman. She started screaming out of fear; with a panicstricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands desperately trying to get ri
2、d of the cockroach. Her reaction was spreading, as everyone in her group also got into a panic. The woman finally managed to flick the cockroach away but it landed on a man in the group who continued the drama. In the relay (接力赛) of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon a waitress who had rushed to
3、 their rescue. The waitress stood firm, calmed herself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on her blouse. When she was confident enough, she grabbed it and threw it out of the restaurant. Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, I started wondering: was the cockroach responsible for thei
4、r funny behavior? If so, then why was the waitress not disturbed? She handled the situation to near perfection, without panic. It was not the cockroach, but the inability of the customers to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach that disturbed them. I realized that it was not the shouting o
5、f my children or my boss or my wife, but my inability to handle the disturbances caused by their shouting that disturbed me.Its not the traffic jams on the road that disturb me, but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jams. More than the problem, its my reaction to the probl
6、em that creates chaos in my life.I understood. I should not react in life. I should always respond. The customers reacted, while the waitress responded. Reactions are always instinctive (本能的), while responses tend to be well thought out.1What happened in the outdoor restaurant?AA cockroach was found
7、 in a womans food and then a man found the same problem.BA cockroach appearing in the restaurant caused a state of panic among the customers.CThe waitress had to apologize to the customers for a cockroach.DA woman and a man were trying to rescue the waitress from the cockroach.2Whats the meaning of
8、the underlined word in Paragraph 5?ADisturbance. BSuccess.CFrustration. DHarmony.3According to the passage, if you ran into a traffic jam, you might as well _Acomplain your delayBfeel upset and annoyedCrelax yourself by listening to musicDexpect someone to clear the road right away4What does the pas
9、sage tell us?ASpeak less, do more!BActions speak louder than words!CMind your manners while in a restaurant!DDont react just from your feelings; respond positively!B People have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans that are similar to humans, living for
10、around 50 to 70 years. Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans
11、, only carry one copy. According to the research, the extra copies of the gene improve the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors. “An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evo
12、lution(进化) of large body sizes in many animals，” the study author Dr. Vincent Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous, large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice.
13、But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass. This_phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Petos paradox”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not us
14、e. In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping this species alive. The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can h
15、elp stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first place. “Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer，” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, the University of Utah. “Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those s
16、trategies to prevent cancer in people.”5Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?AThey have a rather large body size.BTheir genes suffer no DNA damage.CCertain genes in their body kill existing tumors.DThey carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.6According to the passage, what has been a
17、risk in the evolution of large animals?ADeadly tumors.BThe huge body mass.CCells killing themselves.DSensitivity to DNA damage.7What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?ALarger animals have protection from TP53.BThe risk of cancer is not related to body sizes.
18、CLarger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.DThe huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.8What can be concluded from the passage?ADepending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.BThe TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.CHuman
19、s are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.DThe extra copies of elephants genes are used to cure cancer patients.CI must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There was not one night that I dont remember Mom reading m
20、e a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded. I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing Mom say, “I cant believe whats printed in the newspaper this morning，” made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like
21、 my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to be reading. This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a sixyea
22、rold girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors. When Mom said, “The CANDY is hidden on the top shelf，”I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly, so that I coul
23、d read all of the road signs we passed. Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make As on my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didnt enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concr
24、ete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument. Yet, now that Im growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world w
25、here I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone. I dont have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax. Were taught to read because its necessary for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my
26、 life. Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning. And Ive found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.9Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Moms hands?AShe wanted Mom to read the news to her.BShe was anxious to know what had happened.CShe couldnt wait to tear
27、the newspaper apart.DShe couldnt help but stop Mom from reading.10According to Paragraph 3, the authors reading of road signs indicates _.Aher unique way to locate herselfBher eagerness to develop her reading abilityCher effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rulesDher growing desire to know the world
28、 around her11What was the authors view on factual reading?AIt would help her update testtaking skills.BIt would allow much room for free thinking.CIt would provide true and objective information.DIt would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.12The author takes novel reading as a way t
29、o _Aexplore a fantasy landBdevelop a passion for learningClearn about the adult communityDget away from a confusing world课时作业(十五).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只蟑螂出现在饭店里引起了消费者的恐慌，服务员冷静地捉住蟑螂，将其扔了出去。作者通过这个故事旨在告诉人们：遇到问题时要积极地应对。1答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“At an outdoor restaurant，a cockroach (蟑螂) flew in and landed
30、 on a woman. She started screaming out of fear.as everyone in her group also got into a panic”可知，出现在饭店里的蟑螂在顾客中引起了恐慌。故选B。2答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第五段第一句“Its not the traffic jams on the road that disturb me, but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jams”可推知，chaos与disturbance的意思相近，意为“混乱
31、”。故选A。3答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，反应(reaction)总是出于本能，而作出反应(response)往往是经过深思熟虑的。因此遇到交通堵塞时，在车里听音乐放松自己是应该作出的反应。故选C。4答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。根据全文内容特别是最后一段中的“I understood. I should not react in life.I should always respond”可知，作者写这篇文章是想告诫读者遇到困难时要积极冷静地应对，而不是只做些本能的反应。故选D。B【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因。在
32、动物的进化中肿瘤是极大的威胁，而物种患癌症的几率和它们的体型没有关系。在大象的案例中，TP53的形成是让这个物种存活的自然方法，因此人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。5答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“A team at the University of Chicago has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors developing.”可知，美国芝加哥大学的一个团队发现大象携带大量阻止肿瘤发展的基因，所以D选项是正确的。6答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“An incr
33、eased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution (进化) of large body sizes in many animals，”the study.可知，在大体型的动物的进化中，患癌症的风险增加。由此可知，它们进化中致命的肿瘤是极大的威胁，所以A选项是正确的。7答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“But across species，the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body mass.”可知This phenomenon
34、指的是物种患癌症的几率和它们的体型没有关系，所以B选项是正确的。8答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”可知，我们可以使用那些策略来预防人类得癌症。而根据倒数第三段最后一句“In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping this spec
35、ies alive.”可知，TP53的形成是让大象存活的自然方法。由此推知，人们有望通过合成TP53来预防癌症。所以C选项是正确的。C【语篇解读】本文为记叙文，主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为优秀品行和正确的人生态度。本文记述了作者的母亲对作者阅读习惯养成的影响。本文侧重学生的学习能力。9答案与解析：B推理判断题。本题题干意为：为什么作者想要把报纸从妈妈手里夺过来？根据本文第二段前两句可知答案为B项(她迫切地想知道发生了什么)。A项：她想要妈妈给她读新闻；C项：她迫不及待地要把报纸撕碎；D项：她忍不住要阻止妈妈阅读。10答案与解析：D推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据第三段，作者读路标表明_。根
36、据本文第三段第5、6句话可知答案为D项(她日益增长的想认识周围世界的欲望)。A项：她独特的自我定位的方式；B项：她培养自己阅读能力的渴望；C项：她提醒妈妈遵守交通规则的努力。11答案与解析：C推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者对事实阅读的看法是什么？根据本文第四段第4句话可知答案为C项(它会提供真实并且客观的信息)。A项：这将有助于她更新应试技巧；B项：这将给予自由思考大量的空间；D项：这将有助于形成一种现实且认真的生活态度。12答案与解析：D推理判断题。本题题干意为：作者把小说阅读看作是_的一种方式。根据本文第五段第1句可知答案为D项(逃离令人困惑的世界)。A项：探索奇幻之地；B项：培养学习的热情；C项：了解成人社区。
