1、高考英语考纲词汇用法详解（上）A aE,eI, anEn,An art. 1.一(个，件，) 2.任何都3.每(一) 4.某，某一个：I have got a ticket. 我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加 a / an，不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点，
2、许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错)，如不能说Mr. Smith is interesting man.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序数词之前使用a(an)，可以表示数量或序数的增加：Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗? able5eIbl adj.能的，有才能的，能干的，能够的：Shes as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【说明】比较级和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 或 more able, better ab
3、le 和 most able，但不如前者常见。【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别，见 can。aboutE5baJt prep.在附近，关于，在周围，忙于 adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围：She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来，环顾四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。【句型】1. be about to do 即将，就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时
4、间状语连用) 2. How What about(你认为)怎么样? 【辨析】about与on：前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) / It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)aboveE5bQv prep.在上方，过于，超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的，上述的，上文的：We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above weal
5、th. 健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。【辨析】above与over：over 表示垂直在上的正上方，above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用，不表示正上方时要用 above)。 abroadE5brR:d adv. 到(在)国外：He has gone abroad. 他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他刚从国外归来。【用法】1.是副词，不是形容词，不置于名词前作定语，但可置于名词后作定语：ones recent tour abroad 某人最近的国外之行。
6、2.是副词，不是名词，所以不说 go to abroad之类的。acceptEk5sept vt. 接受，承认：Much to my regret, Im unable to accept your kind invitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive：前者指主观上接受，后者指客观上收到：He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物，但没有接受。accident5AksIdEnt n.C事故：She was injured badly in an accident duri
7、ng the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然，无意中according toE5kR:dIN tu: prep.按照，根据：from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能，按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 oclock. 按我的表是10点钟。【注意】1.不能用于第一人称，即不能说according to me (us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词，要表示类似意思可改用in ones
8、 opinion等。acheeIk n. C疼痛 vi. 痛；渴望：Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching to join in the game. 我渴望参加比赛。achieveE5tFi:v v. 1.达到，取得 2.完成，实现：He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。acrossE5krRs prep.& adv. 穿过，在另一边，在对面：We swam across the river. 我们游到河对岸。/ Across the street from the scho
9、ol is the library. 从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。【辨析】across与cross：前者为介词或副词，后者为动词。actAkt n.C动作；举动；节目；(戏剧的)幕；法案，法令 vi.行动；产生的效果；表演；表现；见效 vt.扮演(角色)：People praised his brave act. 人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行！/ Does the drug take long to act? 这药要很久才能起作用吗?【短语】act as 充当 / act for 代理，代表active5AktIv adj.积极的，活泼的，活跃
10、的：She is very active. 她非常活跃。/ He is an active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 actor5AktE n.C(男)演员：professional actor 专业演员actress5AktrIs n.C女演员：an experienced actress有经验的女演员actual5AktFJEl adj. 实际的，真实的，现实的，目前的：I can not give the actual figures. 我不能举出实际数字。/ Whats the actual price? 实价多少?addAd vi.&vt. 加，
11、增加，增进，补充说：“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added. “我为她感到惋惜，”鲍勃又说道。【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于，总之就是addressE5dres n. C住址，通迅处 vt.向致辞，演说，写姓名地址：Whats your home address? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the address clearly. 地址请写清楚。admireEd5maIE vt. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕：I admire her for her bravery. 我钦佩她的勇气。【注
12、意】其后不能接双宾语，也不接that 引导的宾语从句。admitEd5mIt vt. 接纳，让进入，承认：He admitted that it was really his fault. 他承认这确实得怪他。【用法】后接动词要用动名词，不用不定式：She admitted having read the letter. 她承认看过这封信。advanceEd5vB:ns vi.前进，进展 vt. 推进，促进，提升，提前，预付 n.C,U前进，进展，进步，提升，预付款：The general commanded his men to advance. 将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。【短语】in ad
13、vance 在前头，事先，提前 / in advance of 在前面，比进步，超过 / on the advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝前进advantageEd5vB:ntIdV n.C,U优势，长处，有利条件，利益：A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。【短语】have gain, get the an advantage over of 胜过，优于 / tak
14、e advantage of 乘机利用，利用别人的弱点，占便宜 adventureEd5ventFE n.C,U冒险，冒险活动，奇遇 v. 冒险，胆敢：He lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”，不可数；表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”，则可数。adviceEd5vaIs n.U忠告，建议：Your advice was a great help to me. 你的建议对我有很大的帮助。 / I dont know who ask advice from. 我不
15、知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1.不可数，不与不定冠词或数词连用，也不用复数形式，如说a piece of advice, some advice，但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见，通常用ask (for) advice；表示听从或接受某人的意见，通常用follow take ones advice。adviseEd5vaIz vt.劝告，建议：Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语，要用动名词，不能用不定式，即说advise doing s
16、th，不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事，要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语)；若表示建议某人不要做某事，则用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。affairE5fZEn.C事件，事情，事务，私事，恋爱事件：foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs
17、 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?affordE5fR:d vt. 买得起，经受得住，承担得起：I cant afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。/ We cant afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语，若意思明确，可省略有关成分：afford to buy a car =afford a car 买得起小车 / afford the time for a holiday=affor
18、d a holiday 抽得出时间去度假afraidE5freId adj.(用作表语)害怕的，担心的；恐怕：Dont be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid to say that. 他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我担心会把他吵醒。/ Im afraid youre wrong. 恐怕是你错了。【比较】1. be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth：前者指害怕(不敢)做某事，而后者有两个意思，一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth 互换)，二是表示担心会发生某
19、情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生，此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2. Im afraid not 与 Im not afraid：前者为委婉的否定回答，意为“恐怕不”；后者意为“我不怕”。Africa5AfrIkEn.非洲：Africa is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。African5AfrIkEn adj.非洲的，非洲人的 n.C非洲人after5B:ftE prep.在后面 conj.在以后 adv.在后，后来：What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them
20、 after you leave (have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after. 我们随后就到了。【辨析】1. after与behind：前者指位次的先后，后者指位置的前后。2. after与in：前者以过去时间为起点，通常连用过去时态；而in 则以现在时间为起点，通常连用将来时态。但是，若表示在某一点时间之后，则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去)：Ill leave here after 6 oclock. 我6点后离开这儿。afternoon5B:ftE7nu:n n.C,U下午，午后：He returned in the late
21、afternoon. 他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午阴转晴。againE5geIn adv.再一次，又，再：After the storm it became calm again. 暴风雨过后，天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to it that this doesnt happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。【短语】again and again 再三地，反复地 / once again 再一次againstE5ge(I)nst prep. 相反，反对，逆着，靠着，倚着：Are yo
22、u for or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 与大自然作斗争，其乐无穷。【注意】against 是介词，不是动词，所以不能说 Do you against之类的。ageeIdV n.年龄，时代，(用复数表示)长时间：What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died in 1936 at the age of 84. 她死于1936年，享年84岁。/ I havent seen him
23、 for ages. 我已好长时间没有见到他了。【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young. 可说成 He is young.agoE5gEJ adv.以前：That was some twenty years ago. 那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad. 我们一星期前来到这里，从那时起天气一直不好。agreeE5gri: v.同意，赞成，答应：She agreed to my idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you s
24、ay. 你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意，就这样；如果你不同意，也这样。【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见，与某人意见相同 / agree on (upon) 对持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为agree sb to do sth，可改说agree to let sb do sth等。agriculture5AgrIkQltFE n.U农业，农艺，农学：United States Departme
25、nt of Agriculture 美国农业部aheadE5hed adv.在前面，向前：Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。【短语】ahead of 在之前；超过 / ahead of time schedule 提前 / Go ahead! 前进，有进展，继续干下去【注意】ahead 是副词，不是名词，所以不能说 in the ahead, at the ahead等。aimeIm n.U瞄准，对准 C目标 v.瞄准，对准，以为目标：It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我们
26、现在的目标是创办一座工厂。/ I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。【用法】1.表示“瞄准”时，不可数，所以在 take aim at, take careful aim at 这类短语中没有不定冠词。2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事为目标”，动词aim后可接不定式或接at doing sth，即aim to do sth=aim at doing sth。airZE n.U空气，大气，天空，空中 C样子，神态，气氛：Birds fly in the air. 鸟在空中飞翔。/ Better let in some fresh air. 最好放些新鲜空气进来。/ He ca
27、me into the room with an air of importance. 他带着一副了不起的神情走进室内。aircraft5ZEkrB:ft n.C飞机，航空器：There are enemy aircraft on the radar screen.雷达荧屏上出现了敌人的飞机。【注意】单复数同形，所以不要说 five aircrafts，some aircrafts 之类的。airport5ZEpR:t n.C航空站，飞机场：At the airport, the customs officers searched his case. 在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。alive
28、E5laIv adj. 活着的，活跃的，充满的，通着电流的：The fish we caught is still alive. 我们捉的鱼还活着。/ The wire is alive. 这条电线带电。【注意】1.可用作表语，不作前置定语，但有时可用作后置定语：the greatest man alive当今伟人 2.通常不用 very 修饰，但可用 much 或 very much 修饰。allR:l adj.全部的，所有的 pron. 全体，全部 adv. 全部地，都，更加：Are all the students here today? 今天所有的学生都到了吗? / I know th
29、at all is well with her. 我知道她一切都好。/ She is all in favor of my suggestion. 她完全赞同我的建议。/ She hated him all the more. 她更加恨他了。【短语】all along 自始至终 / all the same 依然，仍然 / notat all 一点也不，从来不 / all over 到处，结束 / in all 总计，全部 / above all 首先，最重要的是 / after all 毕竟，终究allowE5laJ v.允许，准许：Smoking is not allowed here.
30、此处不准吸烟。/ He doesnt allow cats in the room. 他不允许猫进入房内。【用法】可接不定式作宾语补足语，但不接不定式作宾语，即可说allow sb to do sth，但不说allow to do sth(可改为 allow doing sth)。【辨析】allow 与 permit：permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，其语气较重；而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对，有时含有听任或默许之意，语气较轻。如：Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都没明文规定可以做，但一切做了也无妨。almos
31、t5R:lmEJst adv. 几乎，差不多：It was almost dark when they got there. 他们抵达那里时，天几乎黑了。【辨析】almost与nearly：almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用。而nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。aloneE5lEJnadj. 单独的，独自的adv.独自，单独，仅仅：She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时，她便
32、看电视。/ He alone knows the secret. 只有他一人知道秘密。【短语】leavealone 听其自然，不要去管 / let alone 至于，更不必说【用法】用作副词表示“仅仅”时，要放在被修饰词语之后，比较：He can do it alone. 他一个人可以做此事。/ He alone can do it. 只有他能做此事。alongE5lRN prep.沿着，顺着 adv. 向前，往前；一起：We walked along the river. 我们沿着河走。/ I took my brother along. 我带着弟弟。【短语】all along一直，始终 /
33、 along with 和一起一道，随着，除以外(还)aloudE5laJd adv. 出声地，大声地：He read the poem aloud. 他高声朗诵那首诗。【短语】think aloud 自言自语 alreadyR:l5redI adv.已经：Ive already forgiven you. 我已经原谅了你。/ It is already the middle of summer. 现在已是仲夏了。/ She had already gone when I arrived. 我到的时候她已经走了。【注意】一般用于肯定句，不用于否定句或疑问句(此时用 yet)，不过有时在疑问句中
34、也用它，用于表示惊讶(且多用于句末)。also5R:lsEJ adv. 也 conj. 又，并且：He also asked to join the army. 他也要求去参军。/ Also, he has gone abroad. 而且，他已去了国外。【短语】not onlybut also 不但而且【用法】用于肯定句或疑问句，但通常不用于否定句(在否定句中用either)。althoughR:l5TEJ conj.虽然，然而：Although he was ill, he worked hard. 他虽然生病，但仍努力工作。/ I did not know that then, altho
35、ugh I learned it later. 当时我不知道那件事，但我后来知道了。【用法】不能按汉语习惯在主句前用连接词 but, 但可用副词yet, nevertheless 等。altogether7R:ltE5geTE adv. 完全地，总共：I am altogether on your side in this matter. 在这个问题上我完全支持你。/ Altogether there were 36 people in the bus. 在公共汽车上一共有36人。【注意】altogether与 all together不同，后者表示“一起”、“同时”。always 5R:lw
36、eIz adv.总是，永远：He always keeps to his promises. 他总是说话算数的。【注意】与否定词连用构成部分否定(not always=并非总是)，且只能位于否定词之后：Money doesnt always bring happiness. 财富并不一定总带来幸福。America5EmerIkE n.美国，美洲：the Voice of America (VOA) 美国之音 / Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。AmericanE5merIkEn n.C美国(洲)人 adj.美国(洲)的：A
37、merican English 美国英语 / Hes an American citizen but lives in Canada. 他是美国公民，但住在加拿大。amongE5mQN prep.在中间，在(三者或三者以上)之间，之一：They live among the mountains. 他们住在群山之中。/ Baseball is very popular among Americans. 棒球运动很受美国人的欢迎。/ She is among the best of our typists. 她是我们最好打字员之一。【辨析】among与between：前者主要用于三者或三者以上之间
38、，后者主要用于两者之间。andAnd, End conj.和，又；然后，接着：Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。/ She read for an hour and went to bed. 她读了一小时的书，然后就去睡了。【用法】1.用于连接两个比较级，表示“越来越”：colder and colder 越来越冷 2.用于 good, nice, fine 等之后，表示“很”、“挺”：good and fast 很快anger5ANgE n.U生气，愤怒 v. (使)发怒：Anger showed in his face. 他脸上露出怒容。/ His
39、loud radio angered me. 他大声放收音机使我很生气。angry5AgNrI adj.生气的；愤怒的：He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。【用法】注意其后所接介词：be get angry at sth 因某事而生气 / be get angry about sth 因某事而生气 / be get angry with sb 生某人的气(注：不要想当然地用be angry to sb 来表示此义)。animal5AnImEl n. C动物，兽 adj.动物的：plants and anima
40、ls 动植物(注意词序) / The lion is a wild animal. 狮子是一种野生动物。announceE5naJns vt.宣告，宣布，发表：He announced the good news to her. 他向她宣布了这个好消息。/ He announced to her that he would go soon. 他告诉她不久就离开。【注意】不能后接双宾语，即不用于announce sb sth，要表示类似意思可用announce sth to sb。anotherE5nQTE adj.再一，另一，别的 pron.另一个：Please give me another
41、. 请给我另一个。/ Youd better stay in hospital for another few days. 你最好在医院再住几天。【用法】1.泛指不确定数目中的“另外任何一个”；若特指两个当中的另外一个，不用 another，而用the other：Please show me another. 请再拿一个给我看看(至少已看过一个)。2. 在一般情况下，其后不能接复数名词，而接单数可数名词(表泛指)，但若复数名词之前有数词或few修饰，则可用它修饰：another five students 另外5个学生【短语】one after another 一个又一个地，一个接一个地，相
42、继地 / one another 互相，彼此answer5B:nsE v.回答，答复；回信；满足于n. C答案；回应：Please answer the telephone. 请接电话。/ This tool will answer our needs. 这工具能满足我们的需要。【短语】answer back 回嘴，顶嘴 / answer for 对担保，为的后果承担责任 / answer to 符合，适合 / in answer to 为了回答(响应)，听(接)到后就anxious5ANkFEs adj.忧虑的，担心的；渴望的：People all over the world were a
43、nxious to have peace. 全世界人民都渴望和平。【用法】表示为某事担心，其后可接介词 about / for；表示渴望得到某物，其后通常接for，而不用about，当然也可接不定式：Hes anxious for to know the result. 他急于想知道结果。any5enI adj.(用于疑问句，否定句等)什么；一些，任何的 pron.(无论)那些；(无论)哪一个 adv.略微，一点：Have you any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗? / Im too tired to walk any further. 我太累了，不能再往前走了。【用法】
44、1.用作代词时，只能用于三者或三者以上，不能用于两者(表示两者中的任意一个，可用either)，如不能说 any of my parents，但可说 either of my parents。2. 用于否定句时，只能用于否定词之后，即可说notany，不说anynot。anybody5enI7bRdi / anyone5enIwQn pron.任何人：Hello! Is anybody here? 喂！有人吗?/ You mustnt tell anybody about this; its secret. 这件事你不能告诉任何人，这是秘密。anyhow5enIhaJ adv.无论如何，不管怎
45、样；随便：Anyhow, I will see you tonight. 无论如何, 今天晚上我要见你。anything 5enIWIN pron. 东西，任何事物，无论什么：You cant believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。/ I want something to eat, and anything will do. 我想弄点东西吃，什么都行。【短语】anything but 绝不，并不 / if anything 如果有什么不同的话【用法】1.受形容词的修饰时，形容词应置于其后。2.用于否定句时，只能用于否定词之后，即可说notanything，
46、不说anythingnot。anywhere5enIwZE adv.无论何处，任何地方：Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?/ You can go anywhere you like. 你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。apologize / apologiseE5pRlEdVaIz vi.道歉：You might at least apologize. 你至少应该道个歉吧。/ I have come to apologize to you. 我是来向您道歉的。/ I must apologize for calling you so late. 实
47、在抱歉，这么晚给您打电话。appearE5pIE vi. 出现，看来，似乎：It appears that he is ill.=He appears to be ill. 他似乎病了。/ There appears to be something the matter with her. 她好像出了什么事似的。【用法】1.不及物，不能有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。2.与look, seem 后可接介词 like 不同，appear 后不接介词like。apple5Apl n. C苹果：the apple of sbs eye 珍爱之物April5eIprEl n.四月(略作Apr.)：Apri
48、l fool=April Fools Day 愚人节(4月1日)area5ZErIE n. C,U面积，地区，区域：Teachers are in demand in this area. 在这个地区很需要教师。/ Parking is prohibited in this area. 此处禁止停车。【用法】表示某地面积大小的方法很多，如要表示“我们庭园的面积为20平方米”，可说成：Our garden has an area of twenty square meters. / The area of our garden is twenty square meters. / Our gar
49、den is twenty square meters in area. / Our garden covers an area of twenty square meters.argue5B:gju: v.争论，说服，证明：He argued for (against) the plan. 他赞成(反对)这个计划。/They always argue about over money. 他们总是为钱争吵。armB:m n. C手臂，胳膊；(用复数)武器 v.武装，装备：He was wounded in the arm. 他的胳膊受伤了。/ She held took her handbag
50、 in her arms. 她双手把手提包抱在怀里。【短语】arm in arm 臂挽着臂 / be armed to the teeth 全副武装army5B:mI n.军队；大群：He also asked to join the army. 他也要求去参军。/ an army of bees 一大群蜜蜂【用法】用作主语，谓语动词用单数(从整体考虑)或复数(从个体考虑)均可：The army was were wiped out. 这支军队被消灭了。aroundE5raJnd prep.在周围；环绕；大约 adv.(在)各处，(在)附近，到处，在周围：There was a wall ar
51、ound the park. 公园四周有围墙。/ Will you please wait around for me? 请在附近等我好吗?arrivalE5raIvEl n.U到达 C到来的人或物：On my arrival at in Paris I went to see her. 我一到巴黎，就去看她了。/ Come and meet the new arrivals. 来见见新来的人。arriveE5raIv vi.到达，(时间)到来，得出(结论)，(婴儿)出生，来到：He was the first to arrive. 他第一个到。/ It took a long time to
52、 arrive at a conclusion. 花了很长时间才达成一个结论。/ Her baby arrived during the night. 她的小孩是夜里生的。【用法】不及物，后接地点，需借助介词at或in (地方较小用at，较大用in)。artB:t n.U,C艺术，美术；技艺，技术；(用复数)人文学科：Art is long; life is short. (谚语)艺术长久，人生短暂。/ a work of art 一件美术品 / Language teaching is both a science and an art. 语言教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。article5B
53、:tIkl n.C(尤指报刊杂志上的)文章；物品，物件；冠词：What does the article discuss? 这篇文章讲的是什么? / an article of clothing 一件衣服artist5B:tIst n. C美术家：He has no wish to be an artist. 他不想做艺术家。asAs conj.当的时候；由于；尽管；随着，与一样 prep.作为，当作adv.同样，相同 pron.正如：He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。/ This is the same as it was be
54、fore. 这个与以前一样。/ As you are tired, you had better rest. 你累了，最好休息一下。/ As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living. 随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。【短语】asas 与一样 / not as soas 不像，不如 / as if=as though 好像，好似 / as yet 迄今，到目前为止 / as so long as 只要 / as soon as 一就 / as to 关于，至于【用法】1.用作连词，表示“尽管”时，要用于倒装句，且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用
55、冠词(等于though)：Child as=though he was, he did quite well. 他虽是个孩子, 但已干得很不错。2.用作关系代词，有两种用法：一是用于such, the same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句：Such men as(=Those men who) heard of him praised him. 听说过他的人都赞扬他。二是单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前(常译为：正如)或之后(常译为：这一点)，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开：He was absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了，这是常有的事
56、。ashAF n.灰，(常用pl)灰烬，骨灰，遗体：The house (was) burned to ashes. 房子烧成灰烬了。【用法】表示“灰”时本来不可数，但有时可用复数形式代替单数形式，且意思不变：cigarette ash ashes 烟灰ashamedE5FeImd adj.惭愧，害臊：I am half ashamed to do so. 这样做我有些不好意思。/ You really ought to be ashamed of that. 你实在应该对此感到惭愧。/ Not feel ashamed to ask and learn from people below.
57、不耻下问。Asia5eIFE n.亚洲：China is in the east of Asia. 中国位于亚洲东部。/ Our factory exports to Southeast Asia. 我厂向东南亚出口产品。Asian5eIFEn n.C亚洲人 adj.亚洲的，亚洲人的：The First East Asian Games were held in Shanghai in 1993. 第1届东亚运动会于1993年在上海举行。askB:sk v.问，要求；请求：Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告诉你。He asked to see th
58、e manager. 他求见经理。【短语】ask for sth 请求，向要 / ask sb for sth 请某人给某物 / ask after 问候(身体健康) / ask about 打听，查询asleepE5sli:p adj.睡着的：He fell asleep during the lesson. 他在上课时睡着了。【用法】1. 通常只用作表语，不能单独放在名词前作定语，不说 an asleep child，可改说a sleeping child。2.汉语说“睡得很熟”，英语习惯上用 fast sound asleep，而不说 very (much, very much) asl
59、eep。assistantE5sIstEnt n.C助手，助教，图书馆管理员：shop assistant 店员 / assistant engineer 助理工程师 / assistant manager 副经理astonishEs5tRnIFvt.使惊讶，使吃惊：The news astonished everybody. 这消息使人人感到惊讶。/ I was astonished at by the news.=I was astonished to hear the news. 听到这消息我很吃惊。atAt, Et prep.在，于；向，对准；因为，由于；在方面；(表示速度、程度、价格
60、等)以，按：He lives at 35 Manchester Road, London. 他住在伦敦曼彻斯特路35号。/ Everybody, we begin at page 50 today. 各位，我们今天从第50页开始。/ At the news he became excited. 一听到这消息，他变得很激动。/ He bought it at (the price of) 50 dollars. 他以50美元的价格买下了它。attackE5tAk v.攻击 n.C,U进攻；(疾病)侵袭，发作：Wolves will not usually attack humans. 狼通常不会
61、袭击人。attemptE5tempt v.& n.尝试，试图：She made every attempt. 她尽一切努力。/ She attempted to get getting in touch with them. 她企图和他们联系上。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，该动词可用不定式，也可用动名词。2. make an attempt 后接动词表示试图做某事时，该动词可用不定式或用at doing sth 的形式。attendE5tend v.出席，参加；看护，照料，护理；注意：He didnt attend the meeting because he was ill. 他因病没有出
62、席会议。/ Ill attend to the matter. 这事我来处理。/ Im too busy. I cant attend to you now. 我很忙，现在不能接待你。attentionE5tenFEn n.U留心，注意：Please give it your attention. 请关注此事。/ He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。【用法】在 pay give, bring attention to 等短语中的 to 是介词，后接动词时用动名词：He gives all his attention to m
63、aking money. 他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。attractE5trAkt vt.吸引、引起(兴趣，注意)，招引：The film attracts a large audience. 这部电影吸引很多观众。/ Newton found that all masses attract each other. 牛顿发现所有的物质都相互吸引。August5R:gEst n.八月(缩写Aug.)：August 1 is our Armys Day. 8月1日是我国建军节。auntB:nt n.C姨，姑，伯母，舅母，婶：Aunt Polly 波莉姑妈AustraliaRs5treIljE n.
64、澳洲，澳大利亚：Dont confuse Austria with and Australia. 不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。AustralianRs5treIlIEn n. C澳大利亚人 adj.澳大利亚(人)的：The Australians speak English. 澳大利亚人说英语。author5R:WE n.C作家，创造者：The book has a preface written by the author. 该书有作者写的序言。autumn5R:tEm n.C,U秋天，秋季：In autumn the leaves change from green to brown.
65、 秋天树叶由绿变黄。/ the Moon Festival=the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节average5AvErIdV n.C平均(数) adj.平常的，平均的 v.平均为，求的平均数：An average of 10 students are absent each day. 平均每天有10个学生缺席。/ What was the average temperature yesterday? 昨天的平均气温是多少? / He is just an average student. 他只是个普通的学生。/ He averages two trips a year. 他
66、平均每年旅游两次。【短语】above the average 中上 / below the average 中下 / on (the, an) average 平均，按平均数计算，一般地说 awakeE5weIk v.(awoke, awoken / awaked)醒，唤醒；使醒adj.(作表语)醒着的：The baby is awake. 婴儿是醒的。/ He is awake to the serious problem. 他已意识到了这个严重的问题。【用法】1.用作动词时，相当于 wake up，但本身通常不与副词 up 连用。2.用作形容词时，只用作表语，不作定语；要表示“完全醒着”，
67、不用 very 修饰，而用 wide, fully, thoroughly 等修饰。awayE5weI adv.离开；远离：My birthday is two months away. 我的生日还有两个月。【短语】right away 马上 / straight away 马上 / far away 在远处Bbaby5beIbI n.C婴儿，幼畜，幼鸟 adj.婴儿的，微型的：She is going to have a baby. 她就要生小孩了。/ a baby elephant 小象 backbAk n.C背部，后面 adv.向后，回(原处) adj.后面的 v.(使)倒退：Ill b
68、e back in a minute. 我马上就回来。/ Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲后边的门试试。【短语】at back of 在后面 / at the back of 在的后面(范围之外)；在的后部(范围之内) / in the back of 在后部 / back to back 背靠背badbAd adj.(worse, worst)坏的，不正确的；使人不愉快的；严重的：Hes got a bad cold. 他得了重感冒。/ Smoking is bad for health. 抽烟对身体有害。badly5bAdlIadv. (wor
69、se, worst)坏地，恶劣地：I slept very badly last night. 昨天夜里我睡得很不好。/ He spoke badly of his boss. 他说他老板的坏话。【用法】在口语中，可用于表示“迫切地”、“非常”，通常与 want, need, be in need of 等连用：He wants to come badly. 他非常想来。bagbAg n. C书包，提包，袋子：a shopping bag 购物袋baggage5bAgIdV n. U(美)行李：They examined all baggage at the airport. 他们在机场检查了
70、所有行李。【用法】不可数，没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词、数词以及 many, few, a few, several 等词连用。若要表示行李的具体数量, 可用单位词 piece (article)：five pieces articles of baggage 五件行李bakebeIk v.烤，烘，焙：baked chicken 烤鸡肉ballbR:l n. C球；舞会：He passed threw the ball to me. 他把球传给了我。balloonbE5lu:n n. C气球：He crossed the river in a balloon. 他乘气球过河。bananabE
71、5nB:nE n. C香蕉：a banana 一根香蕉 / three bananas 三根香蕉bankbANk n. C银行，(河，海湖的)岸，堤：He lives on the south bank of the river. 他住在河的南岸。/ He put his money in the bank. 他把钱存入银行。bargain5bB:gIn n.C协议，合同；(经过讨价还价之后)成交的商品，廉价货v.议价，讨价还价；提出条件：Its a real bargain. 真便宜。/ Thats Its a bargain. 就这么说定了(或一言为定)。/ If you bargain
72、with them they might reduce the price. 你讲讲价，他们可能会把价钱降低。basebeIs n.C基础，基地，根据地 vt.基于，以作根据：This news report is based on fact. 这篇新闻报导是根据实际情况写成的。basic5beIsIk adj.基础的，基本的：Now I have a basic understanding of the matter. 现在我对这事有了基本的了解。basin5beIsInn.C脸盆，水盆；流域：Go and get a basin of hot water. 去弄盆热水来。/ The Ama
73、zon Basin is very large. 亚马逊河流域很大。basket5bB:skIt n.C篮子：a wastepaper basket 字纸篓basketball5bB:skItbR:l n. C篮球 U篮球运动：Lets go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。/ This basketball is better than that one. 这个篮球比那个好。bathbB:W n. C洗澡；澡盆 v. 洗澡，给(孩子)洗澡：He had a bath and then went to bed. 他洗了个澡，然后睡觉了。/ I usually bath
74、 at night. 我通常晚上洗澡。bathebeIT v.浸，洗，(在河或海里)洗浴，游泳 n.(用单数)游泳：Tears bathed his cheeks. 他泪流满面。/ Will you help me bathe the baby? 你能帮我替孩子洗澡吗? 【辨析】bath与bathe：前者主要指在室内“洗澡”，后者则通常指到室外的河里或湖里等去游泳：go for a bathe 去游泳bathroom5bB:Wru:m n.C浴室，(美)厕所，澡堂：The bathroom is upstairs. 洗澡间在楼上。/ She went into the bathroom and
75、 took a shower. 她到浴室去淋浴。battle5bAtl n.C战斗，竞争 v. 战斗，作战，竞争：He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。/ The sailors battled with the winds and waves.水手们与风浪搏斗。bebI(:)v.(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是；在；成为beach5bi:tF n.C海滩，(海，河，湖等)滨：The children are playing on at the beach. 孩子们在海滩玩耍。/ I
76、spent a day on at the beach. 我在海滩上度过了一天。bearbZE n.C熊v.忍受；载运，负荷；有，显示；怀有；生(孩子)，生产(农作物或水果)：He was born of a wealthy family. 他出身富门。/ Different trees bear different fruits. 什么样的树结什么样的果。【用法】1.用于 cant bear，意为“不能忍受”，其后接不定式或动名词均可：I cant bear living to live alone. 一个人独居我受不了。2.表示“出生”时，用be born，其他过去分词用borne：He
77、was borne by an English woman. 他是一个英国妇女生的。beardbIEd n.C胡须，络腮胡子：He wears grows, has a long beard. 他留有长胡子。【辨析】beard 指下巴上的“胡须”，moustache 指嘴上的“胡须”，whiskers 指腮上的“胡须”。【用法】a beard指一个人的所有胡须，而不是指一根胡须；类似地，其复数形式 beards 指的是多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须。beatbi:t v.(beat, beaten)敲打，(脉，心脏)跳动，打胜，打赢：My heart beat fast at the sigh
78、t of him. 一看见他，我的心跳就加快。/ He beat me in maths. 他的数学比我学得好。【辨析】beat与win：见win。beautiful5bju:tEfJl adj.美丽的，漂亮的，优美的：The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful. 山里的景色非常美。/ Thats a beautiful shot. 那一枪打得真准。beauty5bju:tI n.U美 C美人：She is really a beauty. 她的确是个大美人。becausebI5kRz conj.因为，由于：He was angry becau
79、se we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。【用法】1. because与because of不同：前者为连词，引导从句；后者为复合介词，后接名词、代词或相当于名(代)词的成分(包括what从句)。2.不要将汉语中的“因为所以”直译为becauseso。becomebI5kQm v.(became, become)变得，成为；适合(某人)，与相称：She has become a doctor. 她已成为一名医生。/ This color becomes you. 这颜色适合你。【用法】其后不接不定式表示“逐渐”，可改用come begin+不定式：He began came t
80、o like the girl. 他开始喜欢起这个女孩来。(不能用became)bedbed n. C,U床，卧床，睡觉：She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。【用法】1.表示“睡觉”时，通常不用冠词或其他限定词；表示实实在在的“床”时，则可用。2.与介词in, into, out of等连用时，通常不用冠词：lie in bed 躺在床上 / get into bed 上床 / jump out of bed 跳下床bedroom5bedrJmn.C卧室：They have a large bedroom. 他们有一间大卧室。beebi: n. C蜜蜂：He is a
81、s busy as a bee. 他忙得团团转。beefbi:f n.U牛肉：The beef is overdone. 牛肉煮得太老。beerbIE n.U,C 啤酒，一杯(一瓶)啤酒：Would you like a (glass of ) beer? 您要不要喝(杯)啤酒? / Three beers, please. 请来三杯啤酒。beforebI5fR: prep.在前面，在以前 conj.在之前adv.以前：Knock on the door before you enter. 进屋之前要先敲门。/ I have never met him before. 以前我从来没有见过他。【
82、比较】before long 不久以后 / long before 很久以前beginbI5gIn v.(began, begun)开始，着手：The bell rang for the lesson to begin. 开始上课的铃响了。/ Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始，便不可停下来。【用法】1.有时用于进行时态，表示“慢慢开始”、“逐渐”：He was beginning to miss her. 他慢慢开始想念她了。2.其后接不定式或动名词均可，含义基本相同：The band began to play playing. 乐队开始演奏。但
83、是，当begin 本身是-ing形式时或后接表心理活动的动词时，则只能接不定式：He began to like poetry when he was a boy. 他还是孩子时就开始喜欢诗歌。beginningbI5gInIN n. C开始，开端，起源：Of course thats only a beginning. 当然这只是一个开头。【短语】at in the beginning 起初，在开始时 / at the beginning of 在之初，在开始时 / from the beginning 从开始，从一开始 behindbI5haInd prep.在后面 adv.在后面：He
84、was behind the others in ability. 他的能力比其他人差。/ If winter comes，can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?【短语】fall drop behind 落在后面，落后believebI5li:v v.相信，想，认为：You cant believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。/ I believe he has come. 我想他已经来了。【比较】believe sb=相信某人的话是真的，believe in sb=相信某人为人可靠，believe in sth=相信的存在
85、，相信的真实性bellbel n. C钟，铃，钟(铃)声，钟形物：He rang the bell but no one came to the door. 他按了门铃，可是没有人来开门。belongbI5lRN v.属于，为所有：They belonged to a younger generation. 他们属于年轻的一代。【用法】1.不及物，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。2.表示“属所有”时，其后接介词to，但若表示“某物应归入(位于)”，则后接介词 in, under, with等：The pan belongs under the sink. 锅应放在洗碗池下面。belowbI5
86、lEJadv.在下面，向下 prep.在下面：The temperature was 20 degrees below zero. 温度为零下20度。/ He was below the standard required. 他没达到要求的水平。【辨析】below与under：under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方，而 below 则不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。beltbelt n.C腰带，带 vt.系上：a waist belt 腰带 / safety belt 安全带benchbentF n.C长凳，工作台：repair bench 修理台bendbend v.(bent,
87、 bent)使弯腰，弯曲，专心于：He bent down over to tie his shoe. 他弯腰系鞋带。/ He bent his mind to the job. 他专心于他的工作。besidebI5saId prep.在旁边，在附近：Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 站在桌旁的是一位翻译。besidesbI5saIdzadv. 此外，而且 prep. 除之外：To begin with, it is too cold. Besides, weve no money. 首先，天气太冷，再者我们也没有钱。/ We all
88、agreed besides him. 除了他之外，我们也都同意。【辨析】besides与except：besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；而 except表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。 bestbest adj.& n.最好的(人或物)：I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你留在这里最好。【短语】do ones best 尽最大的努力 / make the best of 尽量利用，善用 / at (the) best 充其量，至多 / had best 最好，应该(=had better)b
89、etter5betE adj.较好的，更好的：Any is better than none. 有点总比没有好。【短语】had better 最好，应该(后接动词原形)betweenbI5twi:n prep.在(两者)之间；在中间：I sat between them. 我坐在他们两人之间。/ He had to choose between death and dishonour. 他必须在死亡和屈辱之间做出选择。beyondbI5jRnd prep.在那边，晚于，超出 adv.在(往)更远处：The house is beyond the bridge. 房子在桥那边。/ The exp
90、lanation you give is beyond me. 你做的解释我不懂。/ Good advice is beyond price. (谚)有益的忠告是无价之宝。bicycle5baIsIkl / bikebaIkn.C自行车，脚踏车：She goes to work on her by bicycle. 她骑自行车上班。bigbIg adj.大的；重要的：Ours is a big family. 我们家人口很多。/ He made a big mistake. 他犯了个大错误。billbIl n.C账单，清单，法案，议案，告示，(美)钞票，纸币 vt.通告，宣布：Waiter,
91、bill please. 服务员，买单。/ Mary wont pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。/ The bill was passed. 这法案获得通过。【用法】表示账单的数额，其后通常用介词for：The shop sent me a bill for $800. 商店给我送来了一张800元的账单。billion5bIljEn num.(英，德)百亿，兆，无数(美，法)十亿：Billions of stars twinkled in the sky. 无数星星在天空闪烁。biologybaI5RlEdVI n.U生物学：He is a biology professor.
92、 他是生物教授。birdbE:d n. C鸟，禽类：Most birds can fly. 多数的鸟会飞。birthbE:W n. C,U出生，诞生：The exact date of his birth is not known.他出生的确切日期无人知道。/ He is a man of low birth. 他出身低微。【短语】give birth to 生产(小孩) / by birth 在血统上，生来，天生地birthday5bE:WdeI n.C生日：Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐! / Today is my grandfathers sixtieth
93、birthday. 今天是我爷爷的60大寿。birthplace5bE:WpleIs n.C出生地，(重要事件的)发源地biscuit5bIskIt n. C (英)饼干，(美)果料小点心：a box of biscuits一盒饼干 / They fed him on biscuits. 他们用饼干喂他。bitbIt n.少量，一点，一些：She is a bit like my sister. 她有点像我姐姐。/ Hes feeling a bit =a little better. 他感觉好些了。【短语】a bit of 一点儿，有点儿 / bit by bit=by bits 一点一点地
94、，逐渐地【比较】a bit 与 a little：在肯定句中两者意思比较接近，但在否定句中意思区别很大：Im not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。/ Im not a little tired. 我很累。bitebaIt v.(bit, bitten)咬，迷住，(鱼)上钩 n. C咬，伤痛：Barking dogs seldom bite. (谚)爱叫的狗很少咬人。/ There seems to be a bite to his words. 他话里似乎带刺。bitter5bItE adj.有苦味的，苦的；刺痛的(寒冷，风等)；痛苦的；悲伤的：The medicine taste
95、s bitter. 这药有苦味。/ She has a bitter tongue. 她说话刻薄。blackboard5blAkbR:d n.C黑板：Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。blamebleIm vt.责备，谴责 n. U过失，责备：I dont blame you for doing that. 我不责备你做了那事。/ He put laid all the blame on me. 他把一切都归咎于我。【用法】1.下面两句结构不同，但意思相同：He blamed the failure on me.= He blamed me for the
96、 failure. 他把失败归咎于我。2. be to blame 虽为主动形式，却表示被动意义：You are not to blame for what happened. 对所发生的事不该怪你。blanket5blANkIt n.C毯子，毛毯：Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。blindblaInd adj.瞎的，缺乏理解力的：He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。/ The blind are leading the blind. 盲人在给盲人领路。blockblRk n. C大块；一组，一批；街
97、区；阻塞vt.阻塞，拦阻：The store is three blocks away. 那家商店距此三条街。bloodblQd n. U血：Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。blouseblaJz n. C(妇女穿的)短上衣，女衬衫：A button of my blouse has come off. 我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。blowblEJv.(blew, blown)吹，刮风，吹气 n. C打，打击：Two trees were blown down in the storm. 在暴风雨中两棵树被风刮倒。/ He gave me a blow in th
98、e eye. 他冲着我的眼睛打了一拳。【用法】用作名词可表示“打击”，但用作动词时并无此意，如“他给我重重地一击”可译为He struck me heavily 或 He gave me a heavy blow，但不能译为He blew me heavily.blueblU: n. C,U蓝色 adj.蓝色的，沮丧的，忧郁的：She has got blue eyes. 她有一双蓝眼睛。/ Im feeling rather blue today. 我今天觉得很沮丧。boardbR:d n. C,U木板；膳食费用；委员会，董事会vt.上(船，飞机等)：We will provide room
99、 and board for them. 我们将提供他们的食宿。/ Passengers checked their baggage before boarding the plane. 旅客上飞机前托运了行李。boatbEJt n.C小船，小艇 vi.划船，乘船：We crossed the river in a boat. 我们乘一条小船过了河。/ We shall go boating on the lake on Saturday. 我们星期六到湖上去划船。body5bRdI n.C身体，躯体，尸体，正文：He loves her body and soul. 他真心实意爱她。/ He
100、 does his work body and soul. 他全心全意地工作。【说明】body是相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的身体以及侧重指躯体的身体，不用于指健康状况的“身体”，如“他身体健康”不能译为His body is healthy，可译为He is in good health.或 He is healthy.boilbRIl v.(水，液体)沸腾；(水)开，用开水煮；使(水，液体)沸腾：boiling water 正在沸腾的水 / boiled water 开水(已经开过的水)bonebEJn n.C骨(头)，(鱼)刺：She is all skin and
101、 bones. 她骨瘦如柴。bookbJk n.C书，本子 vt.预定(房间，票等)：Here is the telephone book. 电话簿在这。/ I want to book a ticket for Beijing. 我想订一张去北京的票。bornbR:n v.(动词bear的过去分词)出生 adj.天生的，生来的：I was born in 1962. 我生于1962年。/ He is a born poet. 他是天生的诗人。borrow5bRrEJ v.(向别人)借，借用：Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本书吗?【用法】1.一
102、般不接双宾语，若要表示类似意思可用 borrow sth from sb。2.有时与一段时间连用，表示借来使用的时间：He borrowed a car from a friend for a few days. 他借朋友的车子用了几天。bossbRs n. C老板，领班：Dont call me “boss”. 不要叫我“老板”。/ He wants to marry his bosss daughter. 他想娶他老板的女儿。bothbEJW adj.两，双 pron.两者，两人，双方：Why not use both? 何不两者都用? / He speaks both English a
103、nd French. 他既说英语也说法语。bother5bRTE v.& n.打扰，烦扰，麻烦：Dont bother him to do it for you. 别去麻烦他去为你做这事。/ They didnt bother about with that. 他们对那件事并不感到焦急。/ Did you have much bother (in) finding his office? 你是不是费了很大的劲才找到他的办公室?【用法】后接动词时，用不定式或动名词均可：Dont bother to lock locking the door. 别费事锁门了。bottlebRtl n.C瓶子 (连
104、用the)酒 v.用瓶子装：Johns on the bottle again! 约翰又在喝酒了! / This is where they bottle the milk. 在这里他们用瓶子装牛奶。bottom5bRtEm n.C底；末端：He is at the bottom of the class. 他在班上排名最后。bowlbEJl n.C碗：A bowl of hot chicken soup is good for you. 喝一碗热鸡汤对你有好处。boxbRks n. C箱子，盒子，匣子 v.拳击：We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。/ Th
105、ey boxed (with) each other. 他们互相拳击。boybRI n. C男孩，男仆：The boy cried for help. 男孩大声呼救。brainbreIn n. C,U脑子，大脑；(复)头脑，脑力：He hasnt got much brain. 他没什么头脑。/ He has very little brains. 他没什么头脑。/ Use your brain(s). 动动脑子。/ Wheres your brains? 你的脑子到哪里去了(你怎么不动动脑子)?【用法】表示“头脑”、“智力”等，不可数，但也可拼为 brains(仍不可数)，如可说 much
106、brain(s)或 little brain(s)，但不说 many brains 或 few brains。不过值得注意的是，brain 表示此义时虽为不可数名词，但却可与不定冠词连用：He has a good brain. 他头脑好。branchbrB:ntF n.C树枝；分部，分支，部门；支流：This river has two main branches. 这条河有两条主要的支流。/ Her father is the secretary of the Party branch. 她父亲是这个党支部的书记。bravebreIv adj.勇敢的：It was brave of him
107、 to enter the burning building.=He was brave to enter the burning building. 他敢进入那燃烧的建筑，真是勇敢。breadbred n.U面包，生计：He doesnt just write for fun. Writing is his bread and butter. 他写作不只为了乐趣，写作是他的饭碗。breakbreIk v.(broke broken)打破，折断，打碎n. C休息：I admitted breaking the window. 我承认打破了窗子。/ Lets take a short break
108、 for lunch. 我们休息一下吃中饭。【短语】break away (from) 突然逃掉；脱离；破除 / break down 坏，失败，中断 / break in 突然进来；插嘴 / break into 强行进入；插嘴 / break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发(不用于被动语态) / break up 解散；结束；破裂；绝交breakfast5brekfEst n. C,U早饭，早餐：Is breakfast ready? 早餐准备好了吗? / After breakfast it began to snow. 早饭后开始下起雪来。【用法】1.其前通常不用冠词，但若特指
109、，则用定冠词；若受到形容词的修饰表示具有某种特点的“早餐”，则用不定冠词：Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。/ After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。2.要表示“吃”早餐，英语通常用 have，有时也可用 take 或eat(但较少见)。3.at breakfast 与 for breakfast 不同： 前者表示在吃早餐或在吃早餐的时候，后者表示为早餐而吃东西：I always drink tea at breakfast. 我总是用早餐时饮茶。/
110、I have an egg for breakfast. 我早餐吃1只鸡蛋。(注：lunch, supper 也具有类似用法)breathbreW n. C,U呼吸，气息：Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。/ Ill love you as long as I have breath. 我终身爱你。【短语】hold ones breath 屏住气 / out of breath 上气不接下气breathebri:T v.呼吸：Lie down flat and breathe deeply. 平躺下，做深呼吸。/ I want to go out and bre
111、athe the fresh air. 我想出去呼吸新鲜空气。brickbrIk n. C,U砖块，砖形物：He built his own house brick by brick. 他的房子是他自己一砖一瓦建成的。bridgebrIdV n.C桥：Dont cross the bridge until you come to it. 不要杞人忧天。brightbraIt adj. 明亮的，明朗的，晴朗的；鲜明的；聪明的；伶俐的；美好的；有希望的：It was a bright day. 那是一个晴朗的日子。/ Her face was bright with happiness. 她喜气洋
112、洋。/ You have a bright future. 你的前途是光明的。bringbrIN vt.(brought, brought)带来；传到；拿来；引起：What brings you here today? 今天是什么风把你吹来了? / And it will bring more trouble. 这会带来更多的麻烦。/ You are welcome to bring your wife to the party. 欢迎你带你的妻子来参加聚会。【短语】bring about 引起，实现，导致 / bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法；使苏醒；顺便把某人带来串门 / b
113、ring back 送还，带回；使想起，使恢复 / bring down 击落或打落(飞机等)；降低(温度、价格等) / bring on 带来，引起；促使成长或提高 / bring out 取出；显示出；衬托出；出版(书刊等)，推出(作品等) / bring through 使渡过(困难，危机等) / bring together 使和解 / bring up 提出；培养；呕吐Britain5brItEn n.不列颠(英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的总称)，英国：In Britain police do not carry guns. 在英国警察不带枪。British5brItIF adj.英国的，
114、英国人的，大不列颠的：British English 英国英语 / the British Museum 大英博物馆【用法】the British 相当于名词，指全体英国人，用作主语时，谓语用复数：The British drink a lot of tea. 英国人喝很多茶。broadbrR:d adj. 宽的，阔的；广泛的；概括的；明显的：How broad is the street (river)? 街(河)有多宽? / Its as broad as it is long. 半斤八两；彼此相同。broadcast5brR:dkB:st v.(broadcast or broadcas
115、ted)广播 n. C广播，播音：The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国广播公司每天广播。broombru:m n. C扫帚：A new broom sweeps clean. 新扫帚扫得干净(新官上任三把火)。brother5brQTE n.C兄，弟：elder brother 哥哥 / younger brother 弟弟brownbraJn adj.& n.棕色(的)，褐色(的)：dark brown 深褐色 / brown paper 牛皮纸，包装纸 / brown sugar 红糖brushbrQF n. C刷子，毛刷，画笔；(一)刷v.刷，擦：He was
116、 painting with a brush. 他在用刷子刷漆。/ Give my coat a brush. 把我的大衣刷一刷。bucket5bQkIt n. C水桶；铲斗：a bucket of milk一桶牛奶buildbIld v.(built, built)建筑(造)；建设(立)：They decided to build a new school. 他们决定盖一所新学校。/ We are building socialism. 我们在建设社会主义。building5bIldIN n.C建筑物，房屋：This office building is 25 stories high. 这
117、幢办公楼高18层。burnbE:nv. 燃烧 n. C烧伤；灼伤：I smelled something burning. 我闻到东西烧焦的味道。/ Dad has had his hands burned. 爸的手给烫了。【用法】过去式和过去分词有burned和burnt两种形式：作定语时只用burnt；作不及物动词时通常用burned，作及物动词时两者均可用。burstbE:st v.(burst, burst)(使)破裂，突然发生，爆炸 n. C (感情等的)爆发：She burst through the door. 她突然闯进门。/ Everyone burst out laughi
118、ng. 大家都哄堂大笑。/ She burst into tears. 她突然哭了起来。【用法】burst into和burst out都可表示突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况，但前者通常后接名词，后者通常后接动名词。bury5berI v.埋葬：He was buried alive. 他被活埋了。/ He buried himself in his work (studies). 他埋头于工作(学习)。busbQs n.C公共汽车：I went there by bus. 我乘公共汽车去那儿。/ He had to run to catch the bus. 他不得不跑着去赶搭公共汽车。bu
119、shbJF n.C灌木丛：The hare hid itself in the bush. 野兔藏在灌木丛中。business5bIznIs n.C,U工作，职业；生意；商店，公司；职责，本分；事务，事情：Its time we got down to business. 我们该认真办事了(讨论实质问题了)。/ Mind your own business.=Its none of your business. 这不关你的事(你少管闲事)。/ Im here on business, not for pleasure. 我是来办公事，不是来玩的。busy5bIzI adj.忙，繁忙的：He i
120、s as busy as a bee. 他很忙。/ She was busy writing letters. (当时)她正忙着写信。/ He is busy with at, in, over, about his work. 他在忙于工作。【注意】要表示“忙于做某事”，be busy要接动名词，不接不定式。but bEt,bQt conj. 但是 prep. 除了：I was going to write, but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的，可是把你的地址弄丢了。/ We had no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待之外别无其他选择。【
121、短语】can but 只能，只好(后接动词原形) / cannot but 不得不，禁不住(后接动词原形) / but for 若不是，要不是(通常连用虚拟语气) / nothing but 只有 / anything but 绝不，并不butcher5bJtFE n. C肉店，屠夫 vt.屠宰(动物)，残杀(人)：Im going to the butchers (shop). 我到肉铺去。/ They butchered the prisoners. 他们残杀囚犯。butter5bQtE n.U黄油，奶油：A pound of butter, please. 我要一磅黄油。button5b
122、Qtn n.C纽扣，(电铃等的)按钮 v.扣(纽扣)：A button of my blouse has come off. 我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。buybaI v.(bought, bought)购买：Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。/ He bought me a bike.=He bought a bike for me. 他给我买了辆自行车。bybaI prep.靠近，经过；在时间，在旁，(指时间)不迟于，(用于被动语态)被，(表示方法，手段)用；由(指交通工具等)乘，用adv.在附近，经过：Sit by me. 挨着我坐吧。/ The thief w
123、as caught by the police. 小偷被警察抓住了。/ He came here by water, not by land. 他是从水路来的，不是从陆路来的。/ He came in by the back door. 他从后门进来。/ She held the child by the hand. 她抓住小孩的手。/ I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. 你回来时，我会已经把工作完成了。/ They are paid by the hour. 他们所得报酬按小时计。bye(-bye)5baIbaI
124、 interj.(口语)，再见，回头见，再会：Bye! See you tomorrow. 明天见。/ She waved her hand to say good-bye. 她挥手告别。Ccabbage5kAbIdV n. C,U卷心菜，洋白菜：She bought two cabbages two heads of cabbage. 她买了两棵卷心菜。caf5kAfI n.C咖啡馆，餐馆：It was very quiet in the cafe. 在咖啡店很安静。cagekeIdV n.C笼，鸟笼，兽槛：She loosed the bird from the cage. 她把小鸟放出笼
125、子。cakekeIk n.C,U蛋糕，饼：Its a piece of cake. 这很容易(这是小菜一碟)。callkR:l n. C叫，喊；(一次)电话，通话 v.称呼，取名；呼唤，叫喊：The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。/ He called a taxi for me. 他为我叫了出租车。/ Get out before I call the police. 滚开，否则我叫警察。【短语】call for 去取(某物)，去接(某人)；要求，号召 / call at 访问(某地) / call in 召来，
126、召集 / call on 拜访(某人) / call away 叫走；转移(注意力等) / call back 唤回；回电话 / call off 叫走，转移开；取消 / call (up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事，号召某人做某事 / call out 大声叫(喊)，召唤 / call up (给)打电话；想起calmkB:m adj.镇静，沉着；风平浪静的 v.(使)安静，镇定：The sea was calm after the storm. 经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。/ The crying child soon calmed down. 哭闹的小孩不多一
127、会就安静下来。camera5kAmErE n.C摄影机，照相机：The camera clicked and their picture was taken. 照相机“卡嗒”一声照下了他们的相片。campkAmp n.C野营，营地 v.(使)扎营：Those who are going camping please gather at the gate. 要去露营的人请在大门口集合。cankAn,kEnv.& aux. (could)能够，可以，可能，会 n.C(美)罐头，听头，一罐之量：Difficulties can and must be overcome. 困难能够而且必须克服。/ H
128、e drank four cans of beer. 他喝了四罐啤酒。【用法】1.表推测时，通常只用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句。2.若对过去可能已经发生的情况作推测，不能只用can的过去式could，而应后接动词的完成式：She cant couldnthave left so soon. 她不可能走得这么早。Canada5kAnEdE n.加拿大：Canada is north of the United States. 加拿大在美国的北面。CanadiankE5neIdjEn adj.加拿大(人)的 n.C加拿大人：Shes Canadian, but her Chinese is
129、 excellent. 她是加拿大人，但她的汉语非常出色。candle5kAndl n.C蜡烛：Mans life is often compared to a candle. 人生常被喻为蜡烛。/ burn the candle at both ends 过分浪费精力(财产等)capkAp n.C帽子；(管，瓶等的)盖：Its a nice cap. 那是一顶好看的帽子。capital5kApItEl n.C首都(府)，省会；大写字母 U资本，资金：Please write your name in capitals in capital letters. 请用大写字母写你的名字。/ He
130、has enough capital to build another factory. 他有足够的资金再建一家工厂。captain5kAptIn n. C陆军上尉，海军上校；船长，(足球队)队长：We chose him (as) captain. 我们选他当队长。carkB: n. C小汽车；火车车厢；(电梯，缆车等的)厢，舱：He entered got into the car and drove (it) home. 他进了小汽车就开车回了家。cardkB:d n. C卡片，名片；请柬；纸牌：Could you please give me your card? 请给我一张你的名片好
131、吗?/ This is my identity card. 这是我的身份证。carekZE n.U小心，谨慎，注意；关怀，爱护，照料 v.忧虑，烦恼喜欢，想要；介意，在乎，关心，忧虑：Please do this with care. 你做这事时请格外小心。/ I dont care to play football. 我不喜欢踢足球。/ Would you care for a drink? 你想喝一杯吗?【短语】care about 关心，担心 / care for 喜欢，愿意，照看，爱护，关心，担心 / take care (of) 当心，小心，照看【用法】用作名词时，不可数，所以在 t
132、ake good care of 这类表达中，不要在take 后误加不定冠词。careful5kZEfJl adj.谨慎的，小心的，仔细的：Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上掉下来。/ I hope you will be more careful of about your health. 希望你更注意身体。/ You should be careful in operating this machine. 操作这部机器时要小心。【比较】be careful (in) doing sth 与be careful to do sth：前
133、者指做某事时很小心或仔细，后者指小心地去做某事。careless5kZElIs adj.粗心的，漫不经心的：Careless driving cost him his life. 漫不经心的开车使他丢了性命。/ Hes careless of about his appearance. 他不修边幅。【比较】1.以下两句结构不同，但含义相同：It was careless of you to leave the room unlocked.= You were careless to leave the room unlocked. 你没有把门锁上真是太粗心(太大意)了。2.be careful
134、 in doing sth与be careful to do sth：前者指做某事时很粗心，后者指粗心地做了某事(不定式为结果状语)：He was careless to make some mistakes. 他很粗心，结果出了些错。/ He was careless in typing the letter. 他打印这封信时很粗心。carpet5kB:pIt n.C,U地毯；像地毯铺的东西：She laid a carpet on the floor. 她在地板上铺了地毯。carrot5kArEt n.C,U胡萝卜：grow carrots in the garden 在菜园里种胡萝卜ca
135、rry5kArI v.运送，搬运，携带：He offered to carry my bags. 他主动要帮我提行李。/ These bags carry easily. 这些包便于携带。【短语】carry away 带走，冲走；使非常兴奋或失去自制力 / carry off 拿走；获奖；成功在应付 / carry on 继续(下去)，进行(下去) / carry out 进行，完成；履行，实现，执行 / carry through 成功地完成；帮助渡过难关cartkB:t n.C(二轮运货)马车，(二轮或四轮)手推车，大车casekeIs n.C情况，情形，事例；病症，病例；案件；箱(子)，
136、盒(子)：It is not the case. 情况不是这样；事实并非如此。/ There are five cases of fever in school. 学校有5个发烧病人了。【短语】in any case 无论如何，总之 / in case 假使，如果，万一 / in case of 万一，如果发生 / in no case 决不【用法】1. in case用作连词可引导条件状语从句(=如果，万一)和目的状语从句(=以防)，也可直接用作状语(=以防万一)：Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 遇到困难请告诉我。/ I dont let h
137、im go out in this weather in case he should catch cold. 我不让他这种天气出去以防他会感冒。/ / Wear a raincoat (just) in case. 穿上雨衣以防万一。2.与in case类似，复合介词in case of也可表示条件(=如果)或目的(=以防)：In case of rain they cant go. 万一下雨，他们就不能去了。/ Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带把雨伞，以防下雨。castle5kB:sl n. C城堡：The castle dates
138、back to the ancient Roman days. 此城堡建于古罗马时代。catkAt n. C猫：A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命(即生命力很强)。catchkAtF v.(caught, caught) v. 抓住，接住；赶上，乘坐；传染，感染(疾病)，患(病等)；偶然(或突然)撞见；听清，理解：Ill throw the ball and you catch it. 我扔球你接。/ The policeman caught the thief. 警察逮住了小偷。/ The teacher caught him sleeping in class. 老师发现
139、他在上课时睡觉。/ She caught her finger in the door. 她的一只手指被门夹住了。【短语】catch at 抓住，采纳 / catch on 挂住，钩住；受欢迎，流行；领会 / catch sb out 发现某人有错 / catch up with 赶上cattle5kAtl n.(总称)牛，牲口：He has 80 cattle on the farm. 他在农场里有80头牛。/ Farmers grow grain and keep cattle. 农民种谷养牛。【用法】1.虽为单数形式，但永远表示复数意义。2.要表示“牛”的头数，可借助head(单复数同形
140、)：100 (head of) cattle 100头牛causekR:z n. C原因 U理由 vt.使产生，引起：The heavy rain was the cause of the flood. 大雨是导致洪水产生的原因。/ You have no cause for complaining. 你没有理由抱怨。/ What caused his failure? 什么使得他失败了?【用法】1.用作动词时，其宾语后可接不定式(必须带to)作宾补，但不接形容词作宾补，如不能说The news caused her sad，可改为The news made her sad.或The news
141、 caused her to be sad. 这消息使她伤心。2.有时接双宾语：The car caused me a lot of trouble. 这车给我引来了不少麻烦。cavekeIv n.C洞，地窖 v.洞穴探险运动；(使)塌下，(使)倒塌：Go into the cave, then they wont see you. 躲进洞里去，那他们就看不到你了。ceiling5si:lIN n.C天花板，顶篷：The light hangs from the ceiling above you. 电灯从你头上的天花板上吊下来。celebrate5selIbreIt v.庆祝，歌颂，赞美：W
142、e celebrate International Womens Day on March 8th. 我们在三月八日庆祝国际妇女节。centsent n.C一分钱；(用作单位)百分之一：There are 100 cents in a dollar. 1美元合100美分。/ The price was reduced by 18 per cent. 价格降低了18%。center / centre5sentE n. C中间，中心，中央：The research center will be under his direction. 这个研究中心将由他指挥。centralsen5trEl adj
143、.中部的，中央的，主要的：central bank 中央银行 century5sentFElI n. C百年，世纪：The castle dates back to the 14th century. 这座城堡是十四世纪修建的。certain5sE:tEn adj.确定的，无疑的；某种：Are you certain of about that? 你对此有把握吗? / Shes certain to pass the exam. 她考试肯定会及格。/ For certain reasons I cant come. 因为某些原因，我不能来了。【短语】for certain 有把握，肯定地 /
144、make certain 弄清楚，弄得有把握，核实certainly5sE:tnlI adv.一定，无疑地，是的，当然，好：Victory certainly belongs to the people. 胜利一定属于人民。chaintFeIn n.C,U链，链条 C一连串：She wore a gold chain around her neck.她的脖子上戴了一条金项链。/ chain stores 连锁店chairtFZE n. C椅子：He was sitting on in the chair. 他坐在椅子上。chairman5tFZEmEn (pl. chairmen) n. C主
145、席，董事长，会长：The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience. 主席把讲演者介绍给听众。chalktFR:k n.U粉笔：write with a piece of chalk 用粉笔写字chancetFB:ns n.C,U机会，偶然性，可能性 v.碰巧，偶然；冒的危险：They should be given a chance to try. 应当给他们尝试的机会。/ I wish to have a chance to goof going to college. 我希望有个机会上大学。【短语】by chance 偶然，意外地 /
146、 take ones chance 利用机会changetFeIndV v.改换，改变；更换，兑换 n. C,U变化；零钱；找头：What caused him to change his mind? 什么使他改变主意的? / Here is your change. 这是你的找头。【短语】for a change 为了改变一下，换换花样 / change A for B 用A去换B / change A into B 把A变成(换成)B / change places 交换位置(座位) 【比较】change sth与change sth for sth：前者指换某物，后者指用某物去换另一物。
147、chargetFB:dV n.U主管，看管 C费用；控告v.收费，索价；指控，控告：He has charge of the branch. 他主管分店。/ How much did he charge you for repairing it? 他修理这东西收了你多少钱? / She charged him with cheating. 她告他进行欺骗。【短语】in under the charge of 由负责 / have take charge of 照顾，管理，负责【用法】表示“收费”和“控告”时，所搭配的介词不同：charge money for sth=因为某事物而收费，char
148、ge sb with sth=指控某人做某事，因某事而控告某人。chattFAt v.& n.聊天，闲谈：They dropped in for a chat last night. 他们昨晚顺便来闲聊了一会儿。/ He came over to chat and play cards. 他过来聊天、打牌。cheaptFi:p adj.便宜的，贱的：Its too cheap to be good. 这东西太便宜，好不了(即便宜无好货)。checktFek v. 检查，核对；寄存n. C检查，核对；(美)支票(=英国的cheque)；(饭馆等的)账单：The teacher is checki
149、ng examination papers. 老师在批阅考卷。/ Have you checked your luggage? 你的行李寄存了吗? cheektFi:k n.C面颊，脸蛋：Her cheeks went a very pretty pink. 她的脸变成漂亮的粉红色。/ She kissed the baby on the cheek. 她在孩子的脸颊上亲了一下。cheertFIE n.C欢呼 U高兴 v.(使)高兴；(使)振奋，欢呼，喝彩：Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. 振作起来吧! 消息还不算太坏。cheesetFi:z n.C,U奶酪，干
150、酪：Two cheeses, please. 请来两客干酪。chemistry5kemIstrI n. U化学：The chief sciences are chemistry, physics and biology. 主要的自然科学是化学、物理和生物。cheque / checktFek n.C支票(=美国的check)：Heres a cheque for 500 dollars. 这是一张500美元的支票。/ Did you pay by cheque? 你是以支票付款的吗?chesttFest n.胸膛；箱子；公款：a tool chest 工具箱 / I have a pain i
151、n the chest. 我感到胸痛。chicken5tFIkIn n.C小鸡 U鸡(肉)：Shall we have chicken or duck for dinner? 正餐我们吃鸡还是吃鸭?chieftFi:f n.C首领，领袖 adj.主要的，首要的：a chief engineer 总工程师 / His chief interest is playing chess. 他的主要兴趣是下棋。childtFaIld n.(pl.children)C小孩，儿童：Childrens Day儿童节chimney5tFImnI n.C烟囱，(火山的)喷烟口，(石头的)裂缝china15tFaI
152、nEn. U陶瓷，瓷器，瓷料：a piece of china 一件瓷器 / a set of china 一套瓷器 / china wedding 瓷婚(结婚20周年纪念)China2 5tFaInE n.中国：new China 新中国 / East China 华东 / socialist China 社会主义中国 / China is in East Asia. 中国位于东亚。Chinese5tFaI5ni:z n.中国人(单复数同)，汉语adj.中国的，中国人的，汉语的：He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese a
153、nd foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。chocolate5tFRkElIt n. C,U巧克力，巧克力糖：a (piece of) chocolate 一块巧克力 / A chocolate ice-cream, please. 请给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。choicetFRIs n. C,U选择，挑选：We each had to make a choice. 我们每人都必须做选择。/ He has no choice but to go with them. 他没有办法，只好跟他们去。【用法】1.have no choice but to do sth(除外别无选择)中的不定必须
154、带to。2.choice 除用作名词外，有时还可用作形容词，意为“精选的”、“上等的”，如：choice apples 上等的苹果choosetFu:z v.(chose, chosen)挑选；选举：He chose not to go abroad until later. 他决定晚点出国。/ He chose George as his assistant. 他选择乔治做他的助手。【比较】choose sth 与 choose from among sth：前者指选取某物，后者指从某物中挑选。所以类似下面这样的句子，其后的from不宜省略：There are various colors
155、to choose from. 有各种各样的颜色可供选择。【用法】1.可接双宾语，若双宾语易位，借助介词for：She chose him a sweater.=She chose a sweater for him. 她替他挑选了一件毛衣。2. cannot choose but 后接动词原形，其意为“不得不(只得)做某事”。【辨析】choose, select 与 pick：choose 为常用词，侧重指凭个人意志或判断进行选择；select 则侧重以客观为标准进行选择，并强调选出好的，淘汰不好的；pick 主要指从个人角度在众多中进行挑选，有时含有任意选择之意。Christmas5krI
156、smEs n.圣诞节：Christmas is an important feast for Christians. 圣诞节是基督徒的重要节日。【用法】1.表示“在圣诞节”，可说at Christmas，也可用 on Christmas Day，注意两者所用介词不同。2.祝某人圣诞快乐时，通常在Christmas前用形容词 merry修饰，其实也可用happy。churchtFE:tF n.C教堂 U礼拜仪式，礼拜：We go to church every Sunday. 我们每个星期天都去做礼拜。【用法】表示具体一座教堂，可数，且根据情况可在其前用冠词；表示在教堂做礼拜或进行礼拜仪式，则不
157、可数，且其前不用冠词：They are in at church. 他们在做礼拜。cigarsI5gB: n.C雪茄烟：He lit a cigar. 他点燃一支雪茄烟。cigarettesIgE5reIt n.C香烟，纸烟：He is smoking a cigarette. 他在抽烟。cinema5sInImE n.C电影院 (连用the)电影：Lets go to the cinema tonight. 我们今晚去看电影吧。circle5sE:kl v.环绕，盘旋 n.C圆，圈子：Circle the correct answers. 圈出正确的答案。/ They sat in a ci
158、rcle round the fire. 他们围着火坐成一圈。citizen5sItIzn n.C市民，公民：a citizen of Beijing 北京市民 / Every citizen must pay taxes. 每个公民都必须纳税。city5sItI n.C城市：Which do you prefer to live, in a city or in the country ? 你喜欢住在城里还是住在乡下?clapklAp v.鼓掌，拍手 n.C鼓掌声，拍手声：He clapped his son on the back. 他轻轻地拍了拍儿子的背。classklB:s n.C班，
159、班级；课；类别；等级；阶级：Class is at eight. 8点开始上课。/ He never took notes in class. 他上课从不记笔记。/ Class differences can divide a nation. 阶级差异会造成国家的分裂。classmate5klB:smeIt n.C同班同学：She got on well with her classmates. 她和同学相处得很好。classroom5klB:srJm n. C教室：Most classrooms have computers. 多数教室里都有电脑。cleankli:n adj.清洁的，干净的
160、 v.打扫，弄干净adv.完全地，全然地：Her room is always clean and tidy. 她的房间总是干净整洁。/ Your shoes need cleaning. 你的鞋要擦一擦了。/ Id clean forgotten to switch the light on. 我全然忘了开灯。clearklIE adj. 清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的；确定的v.收拾；使(变)清洁；使(变)清澈；变晴 adv.清楚地；完全地：We could see fish in the clear water. 我们看到清澈的水中有鱼。/ I am not quite clear yet ab
161、out this. 对此我还不太清楚。/ After the stormwas over, the sky cleared. 暴风雨过后，天晴了。clerkklB:k, klE:k n. C职员，办事员；书记员：She got a job as a bank clerk. 她得到一份银行职员的工作。cleverklevE adj.聪明的，伶俐的：Its clever of her to refuse them.=She is clever to refuse them. 她拒绝他们那是明智的。climbklaIm v.爬，攀登 n. C攀登：Monkeys can climb well. 猴子
162、善于攀爬。/ The climb got all of us tired. 爬山使我们都累了。clinic5klInIk n.C诊所：It is often less expensive to see a doctor in a clinic than in a hospital. 通常去诊所看病比去医院看病便宜。clockklRk n. C时钟：The clock is 5 minutes fast (slow). 这钟快(慢)5分钟。closeklEJz v.关，闭 adj.& adv.klEJs近，靠近：She closed the door softly. 她轻轻地关上门。/ The
163、post office closes at 6. 邮局6点关门。/ I live close to the shops. 我住得离商店很近。【注意】用作形容词时，它不表示“关闭”的意思，要表示此义，要用closed：The shop is closed now. 商店现在关门了。clothklRW n.C,U布料：Spread a cloth over the table. 在桌上铺一块桌布。【用法】表示用作衣料的“布”时，不可数；表示用作某种特殊用途的布(如桌布、台布、揩布等)时，可数。clothesklEUTz n.(复)衣服，服装：She wears everyday clothes t
164、o work. 她着便装上班。【用法】1.是“衣服”的统称，指穿在身上的所有东西。2.是一个没有单数形式的复数名词，但不与数词连用。clothing5klEJTIN n.U(总称)衣服，衣着：They wear very little clothing. 他们衣服穿得很少。/ Hes a wolf in sheeps clothing. 他是一只披着羊皮的狼。【辨析】clothes与clothing：前者为复数名词，后者为不可数名词；前者较具体，后者比较抽象；“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes，“一件衣服”是a piece an article of clothing。cloud
165、klaJd n.C,U云(状物)：There are dark clouds in the sky. 天空乌云密布。clubklQb n. C俱乐部：What club do you belong to? 你是哪个俱乐部的?coalkEJl n. C,U煤，煤块：Coal and oil are natural products. 煤和石油是天然物产。【说明】通常不可数，但若表示正在燃烧中的煤块，则可数。coastkEJst n.C海岸，海滨：There are many islands off the coast. 沿海有许多岛屿。coatkEJt n.C外套，大衣；表层，涂层：He hun
166、g his coat on the hook. 他把衣服挂在钩子上。cockkRk n. C公鸡；水龙头，旋塞：Cocks crow at dawn. 黎明鸡叫。/ Turn the cock to increase the flow of water. 请开大龙头以增加水流量。coffee5kRfI n. U,C咖啡：I prefer tea to coffee. 我喜欢茶胜于咖啡。【用法】1.通常不可数，但表示“(一杯)咖啡”时，可数：Three teas and two coffees, please.请来三杯茶和两杯咖啡。2.不要从字面意义误解以下说法：black coffee 纯(清
167、)咖啡 / white coffee 牛奶咖啡 3.形容咖啡的浓淡，可用strong和weak，但不能用thick和thin。coinkRIn n. C,U硬币，钱币：Let me change the dollar bill for coins. 让我把这张美元的纸钞换成硬币。coldkEJld adj.冷的，寒冷 n.U寒冷C,U伤风，感冒：It isnt as cold as it was yesterday. 今天没有昨天冷。/ Take care not to catch cold. 小心别感冒。【用法】在have (got) a cold(感冒)这一表达中，a不能省略，但在 tak
168、e (a) cold, catch (a) cold, get (a) cold这类表达中a却可以省略。但即使是后一种情况，若cold前有形容词修饰，则其中的a也不能省略。collar5kRlE n.C衣领：I seized him by the collar. 我一把抓住他的衣领。collectkE5lekt v.收集，搜集；领取；收钱；使(思想)集中：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。/ Hes gone to collect his son. 他去接儿子了。college5kRlIdV n.C(综合大学中)学院，高等专科学校；大学：eveni
169、ng college 夜大 / Her elder daughter is in college. 她的长女在上大学。colo(u)r5kQlE n. C,U颜色，色彩；颜料v.给着色，涂色：A blind man cant judge colours. 盲人不能判断颜色。【说明】汉语说“彩色的”，根据情况可以用color, colored, colorful 修饰，其区别是：color 用作定语，通常指它所修饰名词能够产生color的效果，如：color TV(彩电)，color film(彩色电影)；colored 用作定语，通常指它所修饰的名词具有color的特征，如：colored f
170、lags(彩旗)，colored chalk(彩色粉笔)；而colorful用作定语，则指颜色的多样性或色彩的鲜艳性，意为“丰富多彩的”、“多彩的”、“艳丽的”，如：colorful clouds(彩云)。combkEJm v.梳 n.C梳子：Have you combed your hair? 你梳过头发了吗?comekQm v.(came, come) 来，来临，到达，出现，来(自)；开始：Will you come with me to the store? 你和我一道去商店吗? / I came to realize that he was right. 我终于认识到他是对的。【短语】
171、come about (某情况)发生 / come across (偶然)发现或遇见 / come on upon 偶然碰见；出现，降临 / come on来吧，行啦，快点，好吧，加油 / come along 一道去，跟着 / come in 到来，进来，上市 / come out 出来，出版，有结果，开花 / come over 来访，来玩，产生 / come round 来访，到来，恢复知觉 / come to 来到，合计，有意义，苏醒，谈到comfort5kQmfEt n.C,U舒适，安慰 vt.使舒适，安慰：He lived in comfort. 他过得很舒服。/ Say some
172、thing to comfort her. 说几句话宽慰她。comfortable5kQmfEtEbl adj.(使身体)舒适的，愉快的，轻松的：Please make yourself comfortable. 别客气。 / It was comfortable sitting here. 坐在这里很舒服。common5kRmEn adj.共同的，普通的，一般的：Its a common cup. 这是个公用茶杯。/ “Smith” is a very common last name in England. 在英国“史密斯”是很常见的姓。【短语】in common 共同享有(使用)的 /
173、in common with 和一样communism5kRmjJnIzEm n.U共产主义：Our ultimate aim is to realize communism. 我们的最终目的是实现共产主义。communist5kRmjJnIst n. C共产主义者 adj.共产主义的：the international communist movement 国际共产主义运动companionkEm5pAnjEn n.C同事，同伴，伴侣：Are you alone or with a companion? 你单独一人还是与朋友在一起?company5kQmpEnI n.C公司 U陪伴，交往；客
174、人 C一群人：Our company is under good direction. 我们公司管理有方。/ Ive come to keep you company. 我来给你做伴的。/ A company of travelers are is expected to arrive soon. 一伙游客不久即将到来。【用法】表示“客人”，可指一人或多人，但不可数，且一般不与冠词连用：Were expecting company this evening. 我们今晚有客人要来。comparekEm5pZE v.比较；比喻，比作；比得上，相比：The poet compares his lov
175、er to a rose in his poems. 诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。/ Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better. 把这个同那个一比，就知道哪个更好了。【用法】1.按传统语法，表示“把比作”，通常用 compare.to；表示“把与比较”，通常用compare.with.，但在现代英语中，也可用 compare .to.，或者用 compare.and.，尤其在用作状语的 compared to with 中，to 和 with 几乎没什么区别：Compared to with many wo
176、men, she was very fortunate. 和许多人相比她是很幸运的。2. can compare with意为“比得上”、“能与相比”(其中的 compare 不及物)，该结构多用于否定句或疑问句：My English cant compare with his. 我的英语不如他。completekEm5pli:t adj.完全的，彻底的，完结的v.完成，结束：We cant go out until our homework is complete. 我们把作业做完才能出去。/ We completed the work five days ahead of time. 我们
177、提前五天完成任务。composition7kCmpE5zIFEn n.C作文，作品 U写作，作曲：Your composition is full of spelling mistakes. 你的作文里满是拼写错误。computerkEm5pju:tE n.C计算机，电脑：I hate computer games. 我不喜欢电脑游戏。/ We used the computer to save time. 我们用电脑节约时间。comrade5kRmrId n.C同志，同乡：He is our comrade. 他是我们的同志。concert5kRnsEt n.C音乐会，演奏会 U一致：The
178、 concert drew a large audience.音乐会吸引了大量的观众。conditionkEn5dIFEn n. C条件 U,C状况，状态 (常用复)情况，环境，形势：I found her in excellent condition. 我发现她处于极佳状态。/ Living conditions have improved here. 这里的生活条件已得到改善。【短语】on no condition 绝不 / on condition that 如果，以为条件【用法】若on no condition位于句首，其后用倒装语序：On no condition should yo
179、u tell her about it. 你绝不能把此事告诉她。conductorkEn5dQktE n.C管理人，指导者，(车上的)售票员，列车员；乐队指挥；导体，导线：She is a bus conductor. 她是公共汽车售票员。/ Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。congratulationkEn7grAtjJ5leIFEn n.(常用复)祝贺，庆贺：Congratulations on your success. 祝贺你取得了成功。connectkE5nekt v.连接，相通，联想，衔接：Connect the frid
180、ge to the electricity supply. 接通冰箱的电源。/ A railway connects Beijing to with Shanghai. 北京和上海有铁路连接。/ People connect Anshan with steel. 人们提到鞍山就想到钢。considerkEn5sIdE v.考虑；把看作；认为：All things considered, Im sure he will win. 综观一切，我相信他会赢。/ She is considering changing her job. 她在考虑换工作。【用法】1.后跟动词作宾语时，用动名词，不用不定式
181、。2.表示“认为是，通常用“consider+宾语+as+名词或形容词”，其中的as可省略或换成to be。constructionkEn5strQkFEn n. U建造，建设 C构造物，建筑物：A new railroad is under construction. 一条新的铁路正在修建中。containkEn5teIn vt.包含，包括；装，容纳：A sentence usually contains a subject and a verb. 句子通常包括主语和动词。content1kEn5tent adj.满意的，满足的 vt.使满足，使满意：We are not content w
182、ith the present achievements. 我们不满足于目前的成就。/ I should be well content to do so. 我很乐意这样做。/ Simple praise is enough to content him. 几句好话就足以使他满意了。【用法】用作形容词时，只用作表语；若用于名词前作定语，要用contented(它同时也可用作表语)：He nodded with a contented smile. 他面带满意的笑容点了点头。/ Everybody feels contented. 大家都感到很满意。content2kEn5tent n.1.C,
183、U内容，(常用单)含量，容量；(用复数)目录：Look at the contents page of a book before buying it. 买书前先看看目录。continent5kCntInEnt n. C大陆，大洲：Africa is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。【用法】有时表示“欧洲大陆”，以别于英伦三岛：Coffee was introduced into England from the Continent. 咖啡是从欧洲大陆传入英国的。continuekEn5tInju: v.继续，连续：to be continued 未完，待续 / He continue
184、d silent. 他继续沉默着。【用法】后接动词作宾语时，用不定式或动名词均可，且意思相同：They continued to meet meeting daily. 他们继续每天都见面。controlkEn5trEJl v.& n.控制，支配：They soon got the fire under control. 他们很快把火势控制住。/ This made it hard for me to control myself. 这使我难于控制自己。【注意】其过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写l：controlled, controlling。convenientkEn5vi:nIEnt a
185、dj.方便的，适合的；容易到达的：Our house is convenient for to the station. 我们家离车站很近便。/ Will six oclock be convenient for you? 六点钟你方便吗? 【用法】其实际意思是“使人感到方便的”，而不是“(自己)感觉到方便的”，如可说Railway is convenient(铁路方便)，但不说Ill come if you are convenient，可改为Ill come if it is convenient for to you. 你若方便，我就来。conversation7kCnvE5seIFEn
186、 n.C,U谈话，交谈：Im tired of your conversation. 你的讲话我听腻了。/ in conversation with (在)和谈话cookkJk v.烹调，煮，烧 n. C厨师，炊事员：Who will cook the dinner? 谁来做饭?【用法】不要将cook(厨师)与cooker(炊具)混淆。 coolku:l adj.凉的，凉爽的；冷静的；满不在乎，冷漠的；帅的，酷的 v.(使)某物变凉：Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool. 不管发生什么事，头等重要的是保持冷静。c
187、opy5kCpI n. C一本(份，册)；复制品 v.抄写，复制；抄袭：a copy of China Daily. 一份中国日报 / Please make three carbon copies of it. 请将它复印三份。cornkC:n n.U谷物，谷粒，玉米：Did the storm do any harm to the corn? 风暴损害庄稼了没有?corner5kR:nE n. C角落，拐角：He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。/ There is a shop at on the street corner. 街道拐角
188、处有家商店。correctkE5rekt adj.正确的，恰当的 vt.改正，纠正：Am I correct in saying this? 我这样说对吗? / I had all my mistakes corrected. 我把所有的错误都改正了。costkCst n.C,U价格，费用，成本；(用单数)代价，牺牲，损失vt.(cost, cost)值(多少钱)，花费；丧失，牺牲：He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars. 他花500 美元买下了这架钢琴。/ The invention cost him much time. 此发明花了他不少时
189、间。/ Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会使你丧命的。/ It cost me $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花我1000美元。【用法】1.用事或物作主语(包括形式主语it)，不以人作主语。2.不用于被动语态。3.主要用于花钱的情形，有时也用于花时间，但通常用于笼统时间(如much time, a lot of time等)。cottage5kCtIdV n.C(郊外的)小屋，村舍；别墅：That old cottage is hidden among trees. 那座古老的农舍隐藏在树林中。
190、cotton5kCtEn n.U棉花，棉布：grow raise cotton 种棉花 / Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。【说明】cotton clothes 的实际意思是 “布衣”(棉布做的衣服)，而不是“棉衣”(内填棉花的保暖衣)。coughkCf n. C咳嗽 vi.咳，咳嗽：He coughed the whole night. 他咳了一夜。/ Janet had a bad cough all last week. 珍妮特上星期一直咳得很厉害。couldkJd v. aux. (表能力)可以，(表许可或请求)可以，(
191、表推测)可能：I ran as quickly as I could. 我尽量快跑。/ Could you wait for a few moments? 你能稍等一会儿吗? / Could this be true? 这能是真的吗? / They couldnt have left so soon. 他们不可能走得这么早。【用法】1.could有时是can的过去式，有时不是。表示能力和允许时，could可用作can的过去式，但通常只表示一般性的能力或允许，除非在否定句中，它通常不表示特定场合下的能力和允许。2.表示可能性或客气地表示请求时，could本身可用于现在：You could be
192、right, but I dont think you are. 你可能是对的，但我不这样认为。/ Could you tell me how to get to the station? 请问去车站怎么走?3.表示可能性时，can通常只用于否定句和疑问句，而不用于肯定句，但could却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句。4.其后接动词完成式可以表示“可能已经”、“本来可能”、“本来可以”、“本来应该”、“差点儿”等：She could have forgotten that. 他可能把那事给忘了。/ You could have given her some help. 你本来可以给她
193、些帮助的。countkaJnt v.计数，计算，视为：Count these eggs. 请数一下这些鸡蛋。/ She counts him as a friend. 她把他看作朋友。counter5kaJntE n.C柜台，结账处；计算器，计数机，计数器：She put her shopping bag on the counter. 她将购物袋放在柜台上。country5kQntrI n.C国家，(连用the)农村：May your country grow prosperous and strong! 祝贵国繁荣富强! / He likes living in the country.
194、他喜欢住在乡下。couple5kQpl n. C夫妇，一对；一两个：They are a model couple. 他们是一对模范夫妻。/ He had only been there a couple of times. 那里我只去过一两次。courage5kQrIdV n.U勇敢，勇气，胆略：This will try your courage. 这对你的勇气将是一个考验。/ I had not the courage to tell him. 我没有勇气告诉他。coursekC:s n. C (常用单)过程，经过；课程；一道菜：Jim is taking special courses
195、 in English. 吉姆在学习特别英语课程。/ We had three courses: soup, meat and vegetables, and fruit. 我们有三道菜：汤、肉和蔬菜，还有水果。【短语】in course of 在过程中，在时，在进行中 / in during the course of 在期间，在的过程中 / of course 当然 courtyard5kC:tjB:d n.C庭院，院子(=court)：These bircks are to pave the courtyard. 这些砖要用来铺院子。cousin5kQzEn n. C堂(表)兄弟，堂(表
196、)姐妹：We are cousins. 我们是表亲。cover5kQvE n. C封面；套子，盖子 v.覆盖，掩盖；占(时间或空间)；行过(路程)，通过；够付(费用)；看完(多少页书)；包括；论及：She covered the table with a cloth. 她用一块布把桌子罩起来。/ He covered 15 miles yesterday. 他昨天走了15英里。/ Will 500 dollars cover the bill? 500美元够付账了吗?cowkaJ n. C母牛，奶牛：Can you milk a cow? 你会给奶牛挤奶吗?crazy5kreIzI adj.
197、疯狂的；糊涂的；狂热的，着迷的：He was crazy about over the girl. 他对那个姑娘十分痴情。/ He was crazy with excitement. 他兴奋得发疯。creamkri:m n.U奶油，乳脂 C,U含奶油的食品adj.奶油色的，淡黄色的：Butter is made from cream. 黄油是用奶油制的。/ Would you like some cream in your coffee? 你的咖啡要加点奶油吗?cropkrCp n. C收成；庄稼：Which crops does he grow? 他种的是什么庄稼?crosskrCs n.
198、C十字形的东西 v.越过，穿过；交叉，错过adj. 脾气不好的，易怒的：Be double careful when you cross the street. 你过街时要加倍小心。/ Why are you cross with me? 你为什么对我生气?【注意】不要与介词across混淆。crossing5krCsIN n.C十字路口，人行横道；横渡：Turn left at the second crossing. 在第二个十字路口向左拐。crowdkraJd n.C群，人群 v.拥挤，群聚：I caught sight of him in the crowd. 我在人群中看到了他。/
199、The room soon became crowded. 房间很快挤满了人。【用法】用作名词时为集合名词，若用作主语，谓语用单数(看作整体时)或复数(考虑其个体成员时)均可：The crowd move(s) on, and no one tries to stop it. 人群向前移动，谁也没试图阻止。cruelkrJEl adj.残忍的，残酷的：Its cruel of her to kill the cat.=She was cruel to kill the cat. 她把猫杀了，太残忍了。/ He was cruel to his parents. 他虐待父母。crykraI v.
200、喊叫，哭 n. C叫喊，哭声：It is no use crying over spiltmilk. 牛奶打泼，哭也没用(事已如此，后悔也没用)。cupkQp n. C茶杯，一杯之容；奖杯 v.把做成杯形：Would you like a cup of tea? 要喝杯茶吗? / Who won the gold cup? 是谁获得了金质奖杯?cupboard5kQbEd n.C碗柜，橱柜：Our supplies for this month are in the cupboard. 我们这个月的生活用品在橱子里。curekjJE v.& n.治疗，痊愈：The wound cures ea
201、sily. 这伤容易治好。/ Her cure took six weeks. 治好她的病花了六星期。curious5kjJErIEs adj.好奇的，感兴趣的；奇异的，不寻常的：Children are curious about everything. 儿童对什么都感到好奇。curtain5kE:tEn n.C窗帘，幕(布)：The curtain is down. 幕已落下来。/ Please draw the curtain. 请拉开(拉上)窗帘。cushion5kJFEn n.C,U垫子：The sofa cushion is dirty. 沙发垫脏了。custom5kQstEm n
202、.C,U习俗，习惯；(个人)习惯；(用复数)关税，海关：Eating hot dogs is an American custom. 吃热狗是美国人的习俗。/ At the airport, the customs officers searched his case. 在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。【辨析】custom 与habit：habit指一个人长时间养成的自然“习惯”；custom 有两个意思，一是指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯(此时与habit不同)，二是指一个人有规律的行为或习惯(此时等于habit)：Its my custom habit to
203、 get up early every morning. 每天早起是我的习惯。cutkQt v.(cut, cut)& n.切，剪，割，伤口：He cut my hair short. 他把我的头发剪短了。/ First cut the meat into small pieces. 先把肉切成小块。/ Words cut more than swords. 恶语比利剑更伤人。【短语】cut down 砍倒；削减，压缩，缩减 / cut in 插入，插话；插队，超车 / cut off 切断，隔断，断绝 / cut out 剪成，戒掉DdaddAd n.(口语)爸爸，爹爹：Where is D
204、ad? 爸爸在哪里?daily5deIlI adj.& adv.每天的(地)，日常的(地) n.C日报：Thats our daily work. 这是我们的日常工作。/ He wrote to her almost daily. 他几乎每天给她写信。/ I like to read the Peoples Daily. 我喜欢看人民日报。damage5dAmIdV n.U损失，损害，损坏；(用复数)赔偿费 vt.损害，损坏：The accident did very little damage to the car. 车祸对车造成的损坏极小。/ The buildings around we
205、re badly damaged. 附近的建筑物受到严重损坏。dampdAmp adj.潮湿的 n.U潮湿 vt.使潮湿：Its damp and cold. 天气又湿又冷。/ Theres still damp in these clothes. 这些衣服还有点潮。dancedB:ns v.& n.跳舞，舞会：Would you like to dance with me? 请你同我跳曲舞好吗? / I love to dance to fast music. 我喜欢跟着节奏快的音乐跳舞。danger5deIndVE n. U危险 C危害，威胁：He is in danger of losi
206、ng his job if he goes on like this. 他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。【短语】in danger 有危险 / out of danger 脱离危险【用法】其后可接 of doing sth 作定语，但不接不定式：He didnt realize the danger of living here. 他没有意识到住在这里的危险。dangerous5deIndVrEs adj.危险的：It is dangerous to drive after drinking. 酒后开车危险。/ This lake is dangerous for swimmers. 在这个湖里游泳
207、危险。daredZE v.(用作情态动词或实义动词)敢：I darent ask him. 我不敢问他。/ No one dared speak of it. 没人敢谈及此事。/ How dare she do such a thing? 她怎么敢做这样的事? / She dared to walk the tightrope. 她敢走钢丝。【用法】1.用作情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句及由连接副词或 whether等引起的从句中(一般不用于肯定句中)。2.尽管有过去式，但通常用现在式表示过去或后接完成式：I darent have done it yesterday, but I
208、 think I dare now. 昨天我没敢这样做，但现在我想我敢。3.用作实义动词，其后通常接带to不定式，但这个to有时可以省略(尤其在否定句或疑问句中)：We dont dare (to) say anything. 我们什么也不敢说。4. I dare say 为习语，其意为“我想”、“很可能”：I dare say he will come. 我想他会来的。darkdB:k adj.黑暗的，(头发、皮肤等)黑色的，深色的n. U黑暗，暗处，傍晚，黑夜：at (after, before) dark 在天黑时(后，前) / Soon it got dark. 很快天黑了。/ The
209、 darkest hour is before the dawn. 最黑暗的时刻过了就是黎明。【短语】in the dark 在黑暗中 / (be) in the dark (about) 对一无所知，被蒙在鼓里datedeIt n. C日期，年月日；约会，会晤 v.写日期；回溯：What is the date today? 今天是几号?/ The dates not fixed yet. 日期尚未确定。/ Dont forget to date your letters. 别忘了在你的信上写明日期。【短语】be out of date 过时的，不再用的 / to date 到目前为止 /
210、up to date 新式的，适合目前的，载有最新资料的 / date a letter 在信上写明日期 / date back to=date from 从回溯至，从开始【用法】表示回溯到过去某时，用date back to或 date from均可，尽管其后接的是过去时间，但用作谓语的date却通常要用一般现在时(且用主动语态)，而不用一般过去时，除非所谈论的主体现在已不复存在：The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成
211、的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。daughter5dR:tE n. C女儿：daughters of China 中华女儿dawndR:n n.C,U拂晓，黎明：We must get up at dawn. 我们必须天一亮就起来。/ We work from dawn to dark. 我们起早摸黑地工作。daydeI n. C日，一天 U,C白天，昼；(特定)日子，节日：What day is today? 今天星期几? / We work an 8-hour day. 我们一天工作8小时。【短语】by day 日间，在白天 / day and night 日夜不停地，昼夜兼行地 / day
212、 after day 日复一日，多日(强调时间长久) / day by day 一天一天地，逐日(强调变化) / one day 有一天(可指过去或将来) / some day 有一天(只指将来) / the other day 几天前，早几天deadded adj. 死的，无感觉的 n.(连用the)死者 adv.全然地：She shot him dead. 她开枪把他打死。/ I was dead tired. 我累极了。dealdi:ln.量，数量 v.对付，应付；买卖，经销；关于，有关；对待；分配，分发：He spent a good deal of money on it. 他对此花
213、了不少钱。/ They see each other a great deal. 他们经常见面。/ The money was dealt out fairly and justly. 钱分配的公平合理。【短语】a good great deal (of) 许多，大量；经常，非常，得多 / deal in 做买卖，出售，经营 / deal out 分配，分给，分发 / deal with 处理，对付，对待；论述；做买卖，有商业关系；与打交道【用法】a good great deal of 后接的名词通常只能是不可数名词。deardIE adj.亲爱的；昂贵的 interj.哎呀(表焦急，惊奇，
214、伤心等)：Dear Madam 亲爱的夫人 / He got rich by buying cheap and selling dear. 他通过贱买贵卖赚钱。deathdeW n.U,C死：She was sentenced to death. 她被判处死刑。/ The accident resulted in ten deaths. 这次事故造成10人死亡。DecemberdI5sembE n.12月：Christmas Day is the 25th of December. 圣诞节是12月25日。decidedI5saId v.下决心，决定：He decided to go abroa
215、d.= He decided on going abroad. 他决定出国。【用法】其后可接不定式或on doing sth，但不直接跟动名词。decisiondI5sIVEn n. C,U决定，决心：I hope youve made taken the right decision. 我希望你作出了正确的决定。【用法】表示做某事的决定，其后接不定式：His decision to become an actor surprised me. 他决定要当演员使我吃了一惊。declaredI5klZE vt. 声明，断言；宣布，宣告：They declared themselves for (a
216、gainst) the plan. 他们宣布赞成(反对)这个计划。【说明】类似下面句子中to be可以省略，但不能换用as：They declared John (to be) the winner of the game. 他们宣布约翰是比赛的获胜者。deeddi:d n. C行为，事迹：He always did good deeds. 他总是做好事。deepdi:p adj.深的，深刻的，深奥的，深厚的adv.深深地，深厚地：My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。/ He was in a deep sleep. 他睡得很沉。【
217、辨析】deep与deeply：1.修饰具体的动作，两者常可互换：breathe deep deeply 做深呼吸 2.修饰静止状态一般用deep：He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。3.修饰形容词或过去分词，以及某些带感情色彩的动词(如hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret等)，通常要用deeply：He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。/ Im deeply sorry for it. 对此我深表遗憾。4.deep in the night(在深夜)和deep into the nigh
218、t(到深夜)为常用短语，通常用deep。defeatdI5fi:t vt. 击败；战胜；使落空，使受挫 n.C,U失败，击败：They were defeated in the match. 他们在比赛中输了。/ Lack of money defeated their plan. 资金缺乏使他们的计划失败了。【辨析】defeat, beat与win：defeat通常可与beat 互换，只是前者比后者更正式，它们与 win不同：win 之后通常接表示比赛或战斗方面的名词，而defeat / beat 之后则往往接比赛或战斗的对手：They defeated beat the enemy. 他们
219、打败了敌人。/ Who won the game? 比赛谁赢了?defence (美defense )dI5fens n.U防御，保卫 C防御工事：The forest will act as a defense against desert dust. 森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。defenddI5fend v.防守，保卫；辩护，辩解：Everyone should learn how to defend himself by the lawful means. 每个人都应该学会利用合法的手段保护自己。degreedI5gri: n.C度数，学位 C,U程度：Water freezes at
220、 zero degrees Centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。/ He has a doctors degree. 他有博士学位。【短语】by degrees 一点一点地，逐渐地 / to a degree 有点【说明】表示“零度”时，说 zero degrees或zero degree均可，但以复数为多见。delaydI5leI n. C,U拖延，延误，耽搁 v.拖延，延误，耽搁：Nobody knew the reason for the delay. 没有人知道延误的原因。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，通常用动名词，很少用不定式：Why have they delayed ans
221、wering our letter? 他们为什么迟迟不回我们的信? 2.用作名词时，其后可接“in动名词”，但一般不能接“of动名词”或不定式：Excuse me for my delay in answering your letter. 迟复为歉。deliciousdI5lIFEs adj.美味的；有趣的：The meat tastes delicious. 这肉味道真好。/ What a delicious joke! 这个笑话真有趣!delightdI5laIt n.U快乐 C乐事 v.(使)高兴，(使)快乐：To our great delight the day turned ou
222、t fine. 使我们感到十分高兴的是，天气转晴了。/ Now many people take delight in watching TV. 现在许多人都喜欢看电视。【说明】1.用作名词时，表示抽象的“快乐”，不可数；表示具体的“快乐的事”，则可数。2. delight in doing sth与be delighted to do sth不同，前者表示“喜欢做某事”(指习惯倾向，delight不及物)，后者表示“做某事感到很高兴”(多指一时的行为)：He delights in listening to music. 他喜欢听音乐。/ Im really delighted to see
223、 you. 见到你我真高兴。deliverdI5lIvE vt. 投递，递送，传送：Has the mail been delivered yet? 邮件已经投递了吗? / The boss told me to deliver it to a customer. 老板要我把东西送去给顾客。【说明】习惯上不接双宾语，即不说deliver sb sth，可改为deliver sth to sb。demand dI5mB:nd vt. 要求，需要n.C,U要求，请求；需要，需求：They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求增加工钱。/ It is impossible
224、 to satisfy all demands. 有求必应是不可能的。【短语】in demand 有需求 / on demand 在要求时, 一经请求 【用法】1.用作动词时，及物，要表示“需求某物”，说 demand sth即可，不说 demand for sth。但是用作名词时，其后可接for：The workers demand for higher wages seems reasonable. 工人增加工资的要求是合理的。2.后接that从句时，从句谓语多用“should+动词原形”：I demand that John (should) go there at once. 我要求约
225、翰马上去那儿。3.一般不接不定式的复合结构，即不用于demand sb to do sth，遇此情况可改用从句或在sb之前加介词of：He demanded of us to tell him everything.=He demanded that we (should) tell him everything. 他要求我们把一切都告诉他。departmentdI5pB:tmEnt n.C(政府机构的)部，司，局，科；(企业等机构的)部，司，局，科；(校或学术机构等的)系，室，所：the State Department 国务院 / the business department 营业科 /
226、 department store 百货商场，百货公司 / English department 英语系 / the Lost and Found Department 失物招领处dependdI5pend vi.依靠，依赖，指望，取决于：It (all) depends.=That depends. 那要看情况。/ We depend on the radio for news. 我们靠收音机听新闻。【用法】1.不及物，后接宾语时需借助介词on或upon，但在It (all) depends (up)on+从句中，介词(up)on有时可省略：It all depends how you do
227、 it. 那要看你怎么办。2.要表示“依赖某人做某事”，英语不用depend sb to do sth(因为depend不及物)，可用depend (up)on sb to do doing sth：We all depend on you to come tomorrow.=We all depend on you your coming tomorrow. 我们都指望你明天来。depthdepW n. U,C深，深度，深奥：What is the depth of the lake? 那湖有多深?/ Nobody knew the depth of her love for him. 谁也
228、不知道她对他的爱有多深。describedI5skraIb vt.描写，描述；作图，画；叫做，称做：He described going downstairs and finding his mother lying on the floor. 他讲述了他走下楼发现他母亲躺在地板上的情景。/ He described himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生。【用法】不能接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语：Could you describe what you saw to for me? 请你将你所见到的情况描述给我听听好吗? descriptiondI5
229、skrIpFEn n. C,U描述，描写，形容：He gave a description of what he had seen.他对看到的情况作了描述。desert15dezEt n. C,U沙漠：the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠desert2dI5zE:t vt.舍弃，遗弃：She was deserted by her husband. 她被丈夫抛弃了。/ They deserted the farm for the city. 他们离开农场迁往城市。designdI5zaIn v.设计，绘制；计划，策划 C,U设计，图样；谋划，企图：The dictionary is
230、designed for foreign students. 这本词典是供外国学生用的。/ The book is designed to improve the students spoken English. 编写这本书的目的是为提高学生的英语口语。【短语】by design 故意地，蓄意地desiredI5zaIE vt.期望，要求，请求 n.U,C意欲，愿望，要求：He desires to live in the country. 他希望住在乡下。/ He desires her to marry him. 他希望她能嫁给他。/ He has a strong desire for
231、success to succeed. 他渴望成功。【用法】后接that从句时，谓语通常用should+动词原形：He desires you to come at once.=He desires that you (should) come at once. 他要你马上来。deskdesk n.C书桌；服务台：Ask at the information desk. 到问讯处询问。destroydIs5trRI vt.毁坏，毁灭：The town was destroyed by the earthquake. 整座城镇被地震毁灭了。/ The heavy rain destroyed a
232、ll hope of a picnic. 大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。determinedI5tE:mIn v.决定，决心：She determined to work harder. 她决定更加努力工作。/ We determined on an early start. 我们决定早点出发。【用法】其后可接不定式或on doing sth，但不直接跟动名词：He determined on living to live alone. 他决定一个人生活。developdI5velEp v.发展，成长；培养，发扬；开发；养成；患(病)；冲洗(照片)：Swimming develops the mu
233、scles. 游泳能使肌肉发达。/ I developed an interest in the machine. 我对这机器发生了兴趣。【辨析】developing与developed：前者指“发展中的”，后者指“发达的”。devotedI5vEJt vt.把奉献(给)，致力于；把专用于：He devoted himself to writing.他专心写作。/ She devoted herself to helping the poor. 她献身于帮助穷人。【用法】在devote oneself to(献身于，致力于)，be devoted to(献身于，专用于)等结构中，to是介词，后
234、接动词时要用动名词。dialog(ue)5daIlCg n.U,C对话；意见交换：be written in dialogue用对话写 / have (a) reasonable dialogue between the two governments两国政府进行理性地对话diamond5daIEmEnd n.U,C钻石，金刚石：diamond necklace 钻石项链diary5daIErI n.C日记，记事簿：keep a diary 记日记dictationdIk5teIFEn n. C,U听写：Well have dictation today. 我们今天要听写了。/ Hand in
235、 your dictations, please. 请把你们的听写交来。【用法】表示听写这一行为或过程，不可数；表示听写的内容或材料，可数。dictionary5dIkFEnErI n.C词典，字典：an English-Chinese dictionary 英汉词典 / He is a walking dictionary. 他是一个活字典。【说明】汉语说“查字典”，英语一般用look up a word in the dictionary。diedaI v.死；渴望：He died from a heart attack. 他死于心脏病发作。/ Her grandfather died o
236、f cancer. 他祖父死于癌症。【短语】die from 死于，因而死 / die of 死于，因而死 / die away (声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱 / die down (慢慢)熄灭，平静下来 【辨析】die from 与 die of：有人认为若死因存在于人体之上或之内，一般用介词 of；若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的，则一般用介词 from。但在现代英语中两者常可混用。difference5dIfErEns n.C,U不同，差别：Whats the difference between the two words? 这两个词有什么不同? / It makes
237、no difference to me whether he goes or not. 他去不去对我没影响。different5dIfrEnt adj.不同的，差异的：American cars are different from to,than ours. 美国造的汽车和我们的不一样。【说明】表示“与不同”，在英国英语中通常用 to，在美国英语中通常用than，但两者均不如用 from 普遍。difficult5dIfIkElt adj.困难的，艰难的：Its difficult to please everybody. 很难使每个人满意。/ Please dont be so diffi
238、cult. 别那么别扭。【用法】表示做某事有困难，通常用It is difficult to do sth，这类句型的主语通常是it，不能是具体的人或事物，除非这个人或物与其后的不定式有动宾关系(且这个不定式必须用主动式表示被动意义)：English is difficult to learn. 英语难学。/ He is difficult to work with. 他不好共事。但不能说He is difficult to learn English. difficulty5dIfIkEltIn.U,C困难，费力；难事，难题：Tell me in case you get into diff
239、iculty. 遇到困难请告诉我。/ This question is full of difficulties. 这个问题困难很多。【用法】表示做某事有困难，其后通常接in doing sth，不接to do sth：He has finds little difficulty learning English. 他觉得学习英语没什么困难。digdIg(dug, dug) v.挖，掘：He is digging in his garden. 他正在花园里挖地。dinner5dInE n.C,U正餐，宴会：Well have fish for dinner. 我们晚餐吃鱼。/ Dinner w
240、ill be ready soon. 晚饭马上就好了。dining-room5daInINrJm n.C食堂，餐室directdI5rekt adj. 直接的，直达的；直截了当的adv.径直地，直接地vt.指挥，指导；指挥(演奏)，导演(电影)；指点，指方向：You can take the most direct road. 你可以走最近的路。/ We shall fly direct to Paris. 我们将径直飞往巴黎。/ Can you direct me to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?directiondI5rekFEn n.C,U方向，方位
241、U指导，指挥 (用复数)说明书，指引：Were going in the direction of the east (the park). 我们将朝东(公园这个方向)走。/ We did the work under his direction. 我们在他的指导下工作。/ Full directions inside. 内附详细说明书。【用法】表示朝某一方向，其前用介词in；表示在某人的指导下，其前用介词under；表示“说明书”，要用复数。directordI5rektE n. C管理者，处长，局长，主任；董事；导演：I hate troubling the director. 我不想去麻
242、烦局长。dirtdE:t n.U污物，灰尘：There is some dirt on the desk. 桌上有灰尘。dirty5dE:tI adj.脏的，下流的 v.弄脏：She has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash. 她有一大堆脏衣服要洗。disappoint7dIsE5pCInt vt.使失望：I was disappointed at with, in the result. 我对那结果感到失望。/ I was disappointed at not finding her at home. 我发现她不在家，感到很失望。/ I was dis
243、appointed not to be chosen. 我未被选中，感到很失望。discoverdI5skQvE vt. 发现：Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。/ I discovered him kissing my wife. 我撞见他在吻我的妻子。discoverydI5skQvErI n.C,U发现；被发现的事物：Columbus discovery of America occurred in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现美洲。discussdIs5kQs v.讨论，商议：I want to discuss
244、 your work with you. 我想和你一起讨论你的工作。/ They discussed selling the house. 他们商量过卖房子的事。【用法】1.及物动词，后接宾语时不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词about。2.后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，不用不定式(除非其前有疑问词)：We discussed how to do it. 我们讨论了该如何做此事。3.其后可接whether引导的宾语从句，不用if引导的宾语从句：We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。discussiondIs5kQF
245、En n.C,U讨论，议论：class discussion 课堂讨论 / The incident caused much discussion among the public. 这件事在公众中议论纷纷。diseasedI5zi:z n. C,U病，疾病：Disease is an enemy of mankind. 疾病是人类的敌人。/ Some skin diseases are difficult to treat. 有些皮肤病很难治。dishdIF n. C盘，碟，盘形物；一道菜：He cleared away the dishes. 他收拾了餐具。/ There are only
246、 two meat dishes on the menu. 菜单上只有两类肉类菜。distance5dIstEns n.C,U距离，远处：Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达是很快的。【短语】at a (some) distance 在一定距离的地方，隔开一些距离，有些距离 / at from a distance of 在的地方 / from a distance 从远处(方) / in the distance 在远处，在远方distant5dIstEnt adj. 远的，遥远的：The moon is d
247、istant from the earth. 月亮离地球很远。【辨析】distant与far：distant 可以与数字连用，但far不能。另外，在没有数字的情况下，除非指相当远的距离，否则一般不用distant 而用far。district5dIstrIkt n. C区，地区，区域：She doesnt live in this district. 她不住在这个区。/ a shopping district 商业区disturbdI5stE:b vt.打扰；弄乱：I wont disturb you again unless I have to. 除非必要我不会再打扰你了。/ Wind di
248、sturbed the water. 风吹皱水面。divedaIv vi.& n.跳水，潜水，俯冲：He dived into the river to save a drowning child. 他跳入河中救一个快溺死的小孩。dividedI5vaId vt.分，划分，分裂，(数学上)除：Lets divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。/ Eight divided by four is two. 8除以4等于2。do1du:,dE(did, done) v.做，干，办，为；有益，产生效果；尽(力)；处理，收拾，洗刷，整理；(对)适
249、合，行，可以：What do you do? 你做什么工作?/ When in Rome do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。/ Any book will do. 什么书都可以。/ Will you do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗?do2du:,dE(用于构成主要动词的否定式或疑问式、代替重复出现的主要动词或谓语部分、构成倒装句等)：Do you know why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗?/ He likes French, and so do I. 他喜欢法语，我也喜欢。doctor5dRktE n.C医生，博士：Hes seeing
250、the doctor now. 他现在在看医生。dogdRg n.C狗：keep a dog 养狗 / a lucky dog 幸运儿dollar5dRlE n. C元(美、加等国的货币单位，符号为$)：Hong Kong dollar 港币doordC: n. C门，(一)家：Tom took ages to answer the door. 汤姆耽搁了很久才开门。/ He sells his products (from) door to door. 他挨家挨户推销他的产品。double5dQbl adj.双的，两个的；双人的；双重的，两用的 adv.双倍地；两人一道地 n.U两倍(的数或
251、量)，加倍；两倍之物，酷似的人或物；(用复数)双打v.(使)加倍，(使)翻番：We need a double bed. 我们需要一张双人床。/ We cannot pay double this amount. 我们不能付双倍的数目。/ Eight is the double of four. 8是4的两倍。/ Be double careful when you cross the street. 过街时要加倍小心。/ Sales doubled this year. 今年销售额增加了一倍。doubtdaJt n. C,U怀疑 v.怀疑，疑惑：Theres no doubt that he
252、 will come. 他肯定会来。We have no doubt about of his honesty. 我们相信他是诚实的。/ I doubt whether if its true. 我怀疑此事是否真实。/ I dont doubt that he will win. 我不怀疑他会赢。【用法】在肯定句中，后接whether或if引导的从句；在否定句中，后接that引导的从句。有时肯定式也用that引导宾语从句，此时that含有类似whether或if的意思：I doubt that =if / whether hes coming. 我怀疑他是否会来。downdaJn prep.
253、往(在)的下方，沿着往下(往远处) adv.向下；减少，减缓：The sun is down. 太阳落山了。/ He fell down the stairs. 他从楼梯上摔下来。downstairsdaJn5stZEz adv.在(到)楼下 adj.楼下的：Is anyone downstairs yet? 已经有人下楼来了吗?【用法】用作形容词时，只用于名词前作定语；用作副词时，可用于名词后作定语：the downstairs rooms=the rooms downstairs 楼下的房间downtowndaJn5taJn adj. 城市商业区的，闹市区的 adv.往(在)城市的商业区(
254、或闹市区) n.城市的商业区，闹市区：Lets go downtown. 我们去市商业区吧。dozen5dQzEn n.C一打(十二个)：Ive been there dozens of times. 我去那儿去过几十次了。/ The eggs are sold by the dozen. 鸡蛋按打出售。/ Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。【用法】1.与具体数字连用时，复数不加词尾-s，后接名词时通常也不用介词of(除非其后的名词带有限定词)：three dozen eggs 三打鸡蛋 / three dozen of these eggs 三打这种鸡蛋 2.与 a fe
255、w, several, many等数目不很具体的词连用时，其复数带不带复数词尾-s均可，但是注意：若不带复数词-s，其后的介词of可以省略；若带复数词尾-s，则其后介词of不宜省略：several dozen (of) pencils= several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔drawdrR: v.(drew, drawn)画，绘制；拖，拉，牵，抽出：We must draw a line between right and wrong. 我们必须分清是非。/ The accident drew a large crowd. 事故引来了一群人。drawerdrC:r n.C
256、抽屉：Please shut the drawer. 请关上抽屉。drawing5drC:IN n. C,U图画，素描(画)；绘画，制图：He has great skill in drawing. 他画画很有技巧。dreamdri:m n.C梦；梦想 v. (dreamt, dreamt / -ed, -ed )做梦，梦见；梦想：Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。/ She dreamed that she could fly. 她梦见她会飞。【用法】表示梦想做某事，其后不接不定式，而接of doing sth。注意此用法的否定式：Little did I dream
257、 of succeeding so well. 我做梦也没想到会这样成功。dressdres n. C女服，(统指)衣服，(尤指外衣)童装 v.给穿衣；穿衣，穿着：She is dressed very well. 她穿得很漂亮。/ She was dressed in green. 她穿着绿衣服。drilldrIl n. C钻头 C,U(反复的)训练，演习v.钻(孔)，在上钻孔；(反复)训练：He drilled a hole in the wall. 他在墙上钻了个洞。drinkdrINk v.(drank, drunk)喝饮(酒) n. U,C饮料；喝酒；酒：Would you like
258、 something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?/ Bring me two drinks. 给我来两杯饮料。drivedraIvv.(drove, driven)驾驶，开(车)；驱赶，迫使：Its the first time she has driven a car. 这是她第一次开车。/ It is a short drive to the village. 开车到那个村庄只要很短时间。/ The pain nearly drove him mad. 疼痛几乎使他发疯了。dropdrCp n. C滴，一滴v.丢下，掉下；投递，放弃；变低，变少：Please drop me of
259、f here. 请让我在这里下车。【用法】drop in 意为“探望”、“拜访”，若指拜访某人，则用 drop in on sb；若指到某地拜访，则用drop in at a place 【辨析】drop 与fall：表示从高处往下掉或降，两者有时可互换：An apple dropped fell from the tree. 从树上掉下一个苹果。但是，fall 表示“落下”，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop 既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下”(不及物)，也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下”(及物)，如下例就不宜用fall：He dropped the letter i
260、nto the mail-box. 他把信投入信箱。drowndraJn v.淹死，溺死；沉溺于，埋头于：He was nearly drowned in the river. 他差点在河里被淹死。/ He drowned himself in work. 他埋头工作。【用法】在现代英语中主要用作及物动词，表示被淹死时，多用被动语态。drugdrQg n.C,U药，药物；毒品：I need some pain-killing drugs. 我需要一些止痛药。/ Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。drydraI v.擦干，弄干，变干 adj. 干的，干
261、燥的；干涸的：Keep it dry. 把它保持干燥。/ You dont have to dry-clean it. 你不必干洗它。duckdQk n.C鸭子 U鸭肉：Its a wild duck. 那是只野鸭。duedju: adj.到期的，应付(给)的，到期应付的；预定的，约定的；适当的，合适的，应得的：Respect is due to older people. 年长者应受到尊重。/ Im due for an increase in pay soon. 我不久就要加薪了。/ We are due to leave tomorrow. 我们定于明天动身。【说明】due to 意为“
262、由于”，按传统语法，它只用于引出表语，但在现代英语中引出状语的情况也比较普遍：His illness is due to bad food. 他生病是由于吃了不好的食物。/ He arrived late due to the storm. 他因风暴而迟到。dulldQl adj.阴暗的；单调无味；呆笨的；(刀等)钝的：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (谚)只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。during5djJErIN prep.在期间，在时候：Dont speak during the meal. 吃饭时别说话。/ Traffic is v
263、ery heavy during the rush hour. 高峰时间交通十分繁忙。【注意】是介词不是连词，所以不用于引导句子。dustdQst n. U灰尘，尘土v.打扫灰尘；擦拭灰土：His clothes were covered with dust. 他衣服上全是灰尘。dusty5dQstI adj.尘土一般的，灰尘弥漫的：a dusty road 一条满是尘土的路duty5dju:tI n. U,C责任，义务；职责，工作：Do not forget your duty to your parents. 不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。Eeachi:tF adj.& pron.每人，每个，
264、每件，各个：They each had a bedroom. 他们每人有一间卧室。/ Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩得了一份奖。【短语】each other 互相，相互【辨析】each与every：1.两者都可用来概括全体，但强调重点不同：every侧重整体(与all接近)，each侧重个体。2.each既可用作形容词也可用作代词，而every只能用作形容词，即其后必须修饰名词。3.each指两者或两者以上的“每个”，every指三者或三者以上的“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each：There are trees on each side of the river.
265、河的两边都有树。4.every可受almost, nearly等副词的修饰，但each不能。eager5i:gE adj.渴望的，急切的：She is eager to succeed for success. 她渴望成功。/ with an eager expression 带着殷切的表情 earIE n.C耳朵 (常用单)听力，听觉；会欣赏：Elephants have big ears. 象的耳朵很大。/ She has a good ear for music. 她很会欣赏音乐。early5E:lI adv.& adj.早的(地)；初期(的)：He usually wakes earl
266、y. 他平常醒得很早。/ We hope for an early answer to our letter. 盼早日赐复。earnE:n vt.赚得；挣得；博得；赢：She earns a high salary. 她挣高工资。/ His honesty earned him great respect. 他的诚实使它得到了极大的尊重。earthE:W n.地球；土地；泥：The earth goes round the sun once a year. 地球一年绕太阳一周。【短语】on earth究竟；在地球(世界)上；人世间(与最高级连用，以加强语气)；一点(也不)，全然(用于否定句)；
267、究竟，到底(用于疑问词后)easti:st n.东，东方 adj.东方的：China is in East Asia. 中国位于东亚。/ The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。 eastern5i:stEn adj.东方的；东部的：an eastern wind 东风 easy5i:zI adj.容易的，不费力的：It is not easy to break off a bad habit. 要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。/ He has had an easy life. 他一直过着舒适安逸的生活。【说明】1.除用作形容词外，有时用作副词，主要用于某些习语：Tak
268、e it easy. 不要紧张。/ Easy come, easy go. 来得容易，去得快。/ Easier said than done. 说说容易做起来难。/ Stand easy. 稍息。2.表示做某事很容易，通常用It is easy to do sth：Its easy (for me) to answer the question. 要(我)回答这个问题是容易的。这类句型的主语通常是it，不能是具体的人或事物，除非这个人或物与其后的不定式有动宾关系(且这个不定式必须用主动式表示被动意义)：English is easy to learn. 英语易学。/ He is easy to
269、 work with. 他容易相处。但不能说He is easy to learn English.eati:t v.(ate, eaten)吃：It is healthy to eat fruit. 吃水果对身体有好处。【短语】eat up 吃完，消灭 / eat out 在外面吃，下馆子edgeedV n. C边；边缘；刃，刀口：The edge of the plate was blue. 这盘子的边是蓝色的。/ The knife has a very sharp edge. 这把小刀的刀刃很锋利。education7edjJ(:)5keIFEn n.教育；培养：A good educ
270、ation is a necessary tool for succeeding. 良好的教育是成功的必要手段。/ moral (intellectual, physical, art) education 德(智，体，美)育【用法】通常不可数，但有时可与不定冠词连用(尤其是有定语修饰时), 表示一段教育或一种教育。effectI5fektn. C,U效果，影响，作用：The medicine quickly took effect. 药很快见效了。/ The book had quite an effect on her. 这书对她影响极大。【短语】bring carry, put sth
271、into effect 使某事物开始实施 / come go into effect 开始生效 / in effect 有效，实际上 / (be) of no effect 无效，无益，不中用【辨析】effect 与 affect：两者均表示“影响”，前者为名词，后者为动词：The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。(effect有时也用作动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”)effort5efEt n.努力，尽力：It requires pains takin
272、g efforts to master a language. 学习语言要下苦功。【用法】1.表示一次一次具体的努力，可数；表示泛指一般性的努力，不可数。2.表示努力做某事，其后通常接不定式，有时也用“at动名词”：His efforts to find at finding his daughter failed. 他设法要找到他女儿的努力失败了。3.注意两个常用搭配make efforts to do sth(尽力做某事)和take require effort(s) (需要力气，付出努力)：The wounded soldier made efforts to stand up. 这位受
273、伤的士兵用力想站起来。/ It requires a great effort of will to give up smoking. 戒烟需要坚强的毅力。eggeg n. C,U蛋，卵：I bought three dozen eggs. 我买了3打鸡蛋。/ The little boy had egg all over his face. 这小男孩弄得满脸是鸡蛋。【说明】表示一个一个的鸡蛋，可数；若指打破后当作食物的鸡蛋，则不可数。eighteIt num.八：We work an eight-hour day. 我们实行8小时工作日。either5aITE adv.也(不)(用于否定句或
274、否定短语后加强语气)adj.(两者中)任何一个的prop.两者之一；任何一方 conj.或者，要么：If you dont go, I wont either. 如果你不去，我也不去。/ I will take either. 两者中我随便拿哪个都行。/ We can either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。【说明】1.表示“也”，只用于肯定句中，在肯定句或疑问句中表示“也”用too或also。2.只表示两者中的任意一个，不表示三者中的任何一个(此时要用any)：either of the two, either of your pare
275、nts, any of the three, any of them。elder5eldE n.长者；前辈 adj.较年长：elder brother (sister) 哥哥(姐姐)electricI5lektrIk adj.电的，用电的，发电的：an electric lamp 电灯 / She smoothed her dress with an electric iron. 她用电熨斗烫平衣服。electricityIlek5trIsItI n.U电，电气：electricity bills 电费单 / The machine is driven by electricity. 这机器用
276、电力驱动。elephant5elIfEnt n.C象：The elephant is the largest land animal. 大象是最大的陆生动物。elevenI5levEn num.十一：Lunch is from eleven to one. 午饭从11点供应到1点。elseels adv.别的，其他的：Hurry up or else youll be late. 赶快，否则你就会迟到了。/ You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何人都更了解。【短语】or else 否则；要不然 / nothing else than 只不过，仅
277、有【用法】常用在疑问代词或不定代词之后，但不用在which后。employIm5plRI vt.雇用，使用：Hes employed in a bank. 他(受雇)在银行任职。/ We employed him as an adviser. 我们聘请他当顾问。/ He employed himself in writing. 他忙于写作。/ They employed her to look after the baby. 他们请她照看婴儿。/ He employed a hammer to drive a nail. 他用锤子钉钉子。empty5emptI adj.空的 vt.倒空：The
278、 streets were empty of traffic at night. 夜间街上没有车辆。/ They emptied the bottle. 他们把瓶子一倒而空。encourageIn5kQrIdV vt.鼓励：They encouraged her to try. 他们鼓励她试试。endend n. C结束；末梢；尽头，终点v.结束；终止；完结：A period signals the end of a sentence. 句号表示一个句子结束了。/ The party did not end until midnight. 晚会到半夜才结束。【短语】at the end of
279、在末稍；在尽头/ by the end of 在结束时，到末为止(完成时) / in the end 最后；终于/ end up 结束，告终 / come draw to an end 结束，完结 / put an end to sth 结束某事endless5endlIs adj.没完的，无止境的：He has given me endless love all his life. 他一辈子给了我无尽的爱。enemy5enImI n.敌人，敌军：The enemy has suffered heavy losses. 敌人受到重大损失。/ The enemy are in flight. 敌
280、军正在逃窜。【用法】视为整体时，作单数看待；考虑其所包含的成员时，作复数看待。energy5enEdVI n.精力，干劲：The child is full of energy. 那孩子精力充沛。/ They devoted all their energies to the job. 他们把自己的全部精力投入这项工作。【用法】泛指一般意义的“精力”，不可数；具体指某人做事的“精力”，用复数。engineer7endVI5nIE n.C工程师；技师：an assistant engineer助理工程师 / a chief engineer 总工程师 / He is an electrical
281、engineer. 他是个电气工程师。England5INglEnd n.英格兰；(泛指)英国：The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace. 英国女王住在白金汉宫。English5INglIF n.英国人；英语 adj.英国的，英国人的，英语的：How do you say this in English? 这在英语中怎么说? 【用法】与定冠词连用，表示全体英国人，表复数意义：The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。Englishman5INglIFmEn n.(pl. Englis
282、hmen)英国人，英国男人：He speaks English like an Englishman. 他说英语有点像英国人。enjoyIn5dVRI v.喜欢，享受的乐趣，欣赏：He enjoyed himself in the vacation. 他假期过得很愉快。【用法】1.后接动词时，只能用动名词形式，不能用不定式。2.其后紧跟when从句时，应先接it：She didnt enjoy it when her husband kissed her in public. 她不喜欢她丈夫在公众场合吻她。(其中的it不能省)enoughI5nQf adj.& adv.足够的(地)，充分的(地
283、) n.足够，充足：Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?【用法】1. 用作形容词时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，但在正式文体中也可放被修饰名词后：We have enough time time enough. 我们有足够的时间。2.用作副词时，只能放在被修饰词语之后，如可说big enough，但不能说enough big。3.不要误解以下结构的意思cannot.enough(不可能足够)：You cannot be careful enough. 你越仔细越好。enter5entE v.进入，参加，使加入：He knocked at
284、 the door and entered. 他敲了敲门便走进去了。/ Her dream to enter the famous university came true. 她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。【用法】表示进入某一具体场所、机构、建筑物等，是及物动词，其后一般不接介词into。若是表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动，或用于较抽象的概念，则可后接into：I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your son. 我理解你失去儿子后的心情。entireIn5taIE adj.全部的，整个的，完善的，完全的：The entire c
285、lass will go there. 全班都会去那儿。entrance5entrEns n.C入口 U进入：Entrance to the college is by examination. 进入大学要经过考试。【用法】表示“的入口”，其后通常接 to，有时也接of。envelope5envIlEJp n. C信封：He tore the envelope open. 他将信封撕开。envy5envI vt.& n.羡慕；忌妒：She said it out of envy. 她出于嫉妒说了这话。/ We quite envy you (for) your success. 我们十分羡慕你
286、的成功。equal5i:kwEl adj.同等的，平等的；胜任的 v.(使)等于：Mary is equal to Bill in brains. 玛丽与比尔头脑一样聪明。/ Im not equal to the position. 我不能胜任这项工作。/ None of us can equal her in beauty. 我们没有哪个人有她那样美。【说明】1.be equal to(等于，能胜任，能应付)中的to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词：This is equal to saying that hes a cheat. 这就等于说他是个骗子。2.用作动词时，及物，不要受形容词用法的
287、影响，在其后误加介词to。equipmentI5kwIpmEnt n.U设备：Recently we bought some new office equipment. 最近我们买了些新的办公设备。escapeIs5keIp n.& vi.逃脱，逃跑，漏出：I hate him but I cant escape meeting him. 我讨厌他，但又不得不见他。【用法】1.后接动词要用动名词，不能用不定式。2.表示从某场所逃走或从管制或监禁中逃走等，均不及物，应连用介词from；表示逃避或躲避某种不愉快的事(如危险，处罚等)，及物，其后无需用介词。比较：He escaped prison.
288、 他躲避了监禁。(逃避不愉快的事) / He escaped from prison. 他越狱了。(从管制或监禁中逃走)especiallyIs5peFElI adv.特别，尤其：You should be especially careful. 你应该特别小心。/ I like the country especially in spring. 我喜欢乡村, 尤其在春天。Europe5jJErEp n.欧洲：He has traveled through Europe. 他已游遍欧洲。European7jJErE5pI(:)En n. C欧洲人adj.欧洲的：Many European co
289、untries are developed industrial nations. 许多欧洲国家是发达的工业国。eve i:v n. 黄昏，前夕：New Years Eve除夕 / Christmas eve 圣诞节前夕even5i:vEn adv.甚至；即使；连(都)，更：Even now it is not too late. 就是现在也不太迟。/ Its even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天更冷。【短语】even if=though 即使，虽然 / even as 恰恰在的时候 / even if even though 即使，尽管【说明】是副词，不是连词，
290、不要用它代替even if或even though(即使)引导让步状语从句，如“即使下雨我们也要去”，不能译为 Well go even it rains.(应在even后加上if或though)evening5i:vnIN n. C，U傍晚，晚上；晚会：An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. (谚)一日之计在于晨。eventI5vent v.C事件，大事；(比赛的)项目：What were the chief events of last year? 去年主要的大事有哪些?【短语】at all events 无论如何，不论怎样
291、/ in any event 不管怎样 / in that event 如果那样，如果发生那样的情况ever5evE adv.(常用于疑问句、否定句、比较句和if从句)曾经；无论何时：Had you ever seen her before that? 那以前你见过她吗? / Thats the most interesting book Ive ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。【短语】as ever 依旧，仍然 / for ever 永远 / than ever 比以前，比过去every5evrI adj.每；每隔；每中的：We watch TV every evening.
292、 我们每晚都看电视。/ She had every reason for thinking so. 她有一切理由这样想。【用法】1. 用于否定句，构成部分否定，意为“并不是每个都”：Not every child likes it. 并不是每个小孩都喜欢它。2. every time(每次)除用作副词外，还可用作连词：Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每次我听你的意见都惹了麻烦。【辨析】every与each 的区别，见each。everyone5evrIwQn / everybody5evrIbRdI pron.每人
293、，人人：She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。/ Everybody has some weak spots. 人人都有弱点。【用法】1.用作主语时，谓语用单数。2.用于否定句，构成部分否定：Not everyone can do it. 这事并非人人会做。3.其后通常不接of短语，遇此情况可用 every one，如不说 everyone of us，可说every one of us。4.其后相应的人称代词和物主代词可用单数(正式文体)和复数(非正式文体)：Everyone knows this, doesnt he dont they? 人人都知道
294、这一点，不是吗? 5.受形容词修饰时，形容词应置于其后。everything5evrIWIN pron.每件事，每样东西；一切：How is everything going? 情况如何?(一切都好吗?)【用法】1.用作主语时，谓语用单数。2.用于否定句，构成部分否定：Money isnt everything. 金钱并非万能。3.受形容词修饰时，形容词应置于其后：Ill do everything possible to help you. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。everywhere5evrIwZE adv.到处；无论哪里：There were bicycles everywhere. 到处
295、是自行车。【用法】有时具有连词性质，用于引出状语从句(与 wherever 用法相似)：Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我到哪里，我都遇到同样的情况。exactIg5zAkt adj.确切的，准确的；严谨的；精密的：Do you know the exact meaning of the word? 你知道这个词的准确含义吗?examination / examIg7zAmI5neIFEn / 5Ig5zAm n.C,U检查；考试：Did he pass the maths examination? 他的数学考试及格了吗? / He made
296、 an examination of the room. 他检查了房间。【短语】on examination 经过调查(查看)后 / under examination 在检查中，在审查中 【说明】表示“参加考试”，通常不用 take part in an examination，而用 take an examination。比较：sit for an examination参加考试 / enter for an examination 报名参加考试，报考examineIg5zAmIn vt.检查；询问，诊察：They examined all baggage at the airport.
297、他们在机场检查了所有行李。/ The doctor examined her carefully. 医生给她作了仔细的检查。exampleIg5zB:mpl n. C例子，榜样，实例：See the examples given above. 见上述例子。/ You should set him an example.=You should set an example to him. 你应该给他树立一个榜样。【短语】for example 例如：A lot of us want to leave nowBill, for example =for example, Bill. 我们很多人现在
298、都想走，比如，比尔就是一例。【用法】表示“学习的榜样”，可用动词follow或copy，即用follow copy the example of，但不用动词learn或study。excellent5ekslEnt adj.极好的，优秀的：He is excellent in mathematics. 他的数学非常好。/ The tone of the school is excellent. 这所学校校风极好。exceptIk5sept prep.除之外：We go there every day except Sunday. 除了星期天，我们每天都去那儿。/ I can do everyt
299、hing except cook. 除了做饭我什么事都会做。/ He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 他除了抽烟太多之外，没有什么特别的毛病。【用法】1.其后除接名词或代词外，还可接副词、不定式、介词短语、that从句、when从句、what从句、why从句、where从句等：He has nothing now except what we owe him. 除了我们欠他的钱外，他现在是一无所有了。/ I like her except when she is angry. 除了她发怒的时候，我挺喜欢她。2.后接动词时
300、，通常不用动名词，而用不定式。该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，情形比较复杂，大致原则是：其前有do，不定式不带to；其前没有do，不定式通常带to。【辨析】1. besides, but与except：besides 表累加，意指“除了什么之外，还有”；except 和 but 表排除，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。但在否定句中，besides 也表示“除之外不再有 ”，与but, except 同义。2. except 与 except for：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意：We had a pleasant tim
301、e, except for the weather. 我们玩得很高兴，只是天气不太好。但是，注意以下情况：(1) 用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole 等表示概括性的词语后面时，两者可互换：We shall all take part in the sports except (for) Jim. 除吉姆外，我们都将参加比赛。(2) 用于句首时，两者同义，但此时通常用except for (因为except通常不用于句首)：Except for James, we have told everyone the
302、 news. 我们已把这个消息告诉了大家，只有詹姆斯没有告诉。exciteIk5saIt vt.使兴奋，使激动：The news excited everybody. 消息鼓舞了每个人。/ What are you so excited about? 什么事你这样激动?excitingIk5saItIN adj.令人兴奋的，使人激动的：I think football is an exciting sport. 我认为足球是一种刺激的运动。【辨析】excited与exciting：前者指感到兴奋的，后者指令人兴奋的。比较：an excited talk=心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动)
303、，an exciting talk=令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)。excuse1Iks5kju:z v.原谅；宽恕：Excuse me, can I get past, please? 对不起，能让我过去吗? / Excuse me for coming late. 请原谅我来迟了。excuse2Iks5kju:s n.C借口，辩解：Stop making excuses! 别再找借口了！exercise5eksEsaIz n. U锻炼，运动 C(常用复)做操，体操 C练习(题)，训练 vi.锻炼：Exercise is good for health. 运动有益于健康。/ We
304、 do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。exhibition7eksI5bIFEn n.C展览(会)：Lets take a look round the exhibition. 我们去展览会看看吧。【短语】on exhibition 在展出中existIg5zIst vi.存在，生存：That word doesnt exist in English. 英语中没有这个字。/ No such person ever existed. 这样的人从来没有存在过。expectIks5pekt vt.期待，盼望，预期；以为，料想：Dont expect too
305、 much of him. 别对他期望过高。/ I didnt expect to see you here. 没想到在这里碰到你。expensiveIks5pensIv adj.昂贵的：Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive. 假日机票越来越便宜了。【用法】可用于说明事物，但通常不用于说明price，即不说 expensive price。experienceIks5pIErIEns n.U经验 C经历，体验 vt.经历，遭受：This work needs experience and care. 这件工作需要经验和细心。【用
306、法】表示抽象的经验，不可数；表示具体的经历，可数。experimentIks5perImEnt n.C,U实验 vi.做实验：do make, carry out, perform an experiment 做实验 explainIks5pleIn v.解释；说明：He explained that he had no money. 他解释说他没有钱。【用法】不能后接双宾语，要表示给某人解释某事，可用explain sth to sb：Can you explain to me what this means? 你能给我解释一下这是什么意思吗?explanation7eksplE5neIFE
307、nn.C,U解释，说明：It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。/ Can you make a clear explanation? 你能清楚地作出解释吗?explodeIks5plEJd v.(使)爆炸，(使)发脾气：He exploded a bomb. 他引爆了炸弹。/ The balloon suddenly exploded. 气球突然炸了。exploitIks5plRIt vt.剥削；开发，开采：exploit natural resources 开发自然资源 / He always sided with the oppressed and the expl
308、oited. 他总是站在被压迫和被剥削的人一边。expressIks5pres vt.表达，表示：I dont know how to express myself. 我不知道怎样表达自己的意思。expressionIks5preFEn n.C,U表达；词句；表情：Her feelings at last found expression in tears. 她的感情终于通过眼泪发泄出来。/ His face was without expression. 他的脸上毫无表情。extra5ekstrE adj.特别的，额外的 adv.特别地，非常地 n.C另收费用的项目，附加费用：We are
309、willing to do extra work though we are not paid for it. 虽然不给报酬，我们也愿多干些分外的工作。/ He was extra glad to see us. 他见到我们高兴极了。/ They charge extra for wine. 喝酒他们另外收费。extremelyIks5tri:mlI adv.极其，非常：Im extremely sorry. 我非常抱歉。eyeaI n. C眼睛，视力，眼光，观点：I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。/ Hes keeping an eye open for
310、 a better job. 他正在留意一个更好的工作。Fface1feIs n.C脸，面孔：She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。【短语】face to face (with) 面对面 / in (the) face of 面对，不顾 / lose face 丢面子 / make a face (at) 做鬼脸，装怪相，做苦脸(=make faces) / pull wear a long face 愁眉苦脸的样子，板着面孔 / save (ones) face 挽回面子face2feIs v.面向，面对：Other problems
311、 also had to be faced. 还需面对其他问题。/ My house faces the park. 我的房子面对公园。【短语】be faced with 面临 / face up to 大胆面向factfAkt n.C事实，实际：It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。【短语】in actual fact 事实上 / as a matter of fact 事实上 / in fact 事实上，实际上factory5fAktErI n.C工厂：The factory produces cars.
312、这家工厂生产小汽车。failfeIl v.失败，不及格：Hell surely fail. 他必定失败。/ He failed (in) his English examination. 他的英语考试不及格。fairfZE adj.公平的，合理的；尚好的；晴朗的 adv. 公平地，公正诚实地 n. C商品交易会：Thats a fair comment. 那是公正的评价。/ a worlds fair 世界博览会fairly5fZElI adv.公道地，相当地，还算：He told the facts fairly. 他实事求是地叙述这些事实。/ That is a fairly easy b
313、ook. 这是一本相当容易的书。faithfeIW n. U信仰，信念，相信；保证，诺言：Faith can move mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开。/ I have faith in his ability. 我对他的能力有信心。fall1fR:l n.&v.(fell, fallen)落下，跌倒；倒下，下降：The price of food has fallen. 食品价格下跌了。/ Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上掉下来。【短语】fall behind 落后，掉队 / fall in love with 爱上 /
314、fall off 跌落，下降 / fall over 跌倒，倒下【辨析】fall 与drop：见drop。【用法】在少数短语中可用作连系动词，后接形容词：fall asleep 入睡 / fall ill 生病fall2 fR:l n.(美)秋季：in the fall of 1988 1988年秋天 / He entered college last fall. 他去年秋天上大学。/ These leaves turn yellow in the fall. 这些叶子秋天变黄。falsefC:ls,fCls adj.假的，虚伪，捏造的：false hair 假发 / His story pr
315、oved false. 他讲的情况事实表明是假的。familiarfE5mIljE adj. 熟悉的，常见的：We are familiar with his character. 我们了解他的性格。/ These tales are familiar to Chinese children. 这些故事对中国小孩而言是听惯了的。【比较】We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。/ The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。family5fAmIlI n. C家，家庭，家族；子女：Whats his family na
316、me? 他姓什么? 【用法】若视为整体，则为单数；若考虑其个体，则为复数：My family is very large. 我的家庭是个很大的家庭。/ My family are all tall. 我全家人的个子都很高。famous5feImEs adj.著名的，有名的：Her dream to enter a famous university came true. 她要进入名牌大学的梦想实现了。【用法】后接介词as和for意义不同：接as表示“作为而出名”，接for表示“因而出名”：He is rather famous as a writer. 他是位著名作家。/ France is
317、famous for its wine. 法国因其葡萄酒而出名。fanfAnn. U扇子，爱好者 vt.扇；煽动；激起：a film movie fan 影迷 / electric fan电风扇 / The breeze fanned her hair. 微风吹拂着她的头发。farfB: adj.& adv.(farther, farthest; further, furthest)远的(地)；很，极，太：If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗?【短语】as far as 像一样远 / by far 得多，最(加强比较级，最
318、高级) / far from 远离，决非，完全不 / so far 到目前为止(一般和完成时连用)【用法】用作副词时，可修饰动词、比较级、最高级(=by far)、副词too(太)、介词短语：This story is far more interesting. 这个故事有趣得多。/ He speaks English far better than I. 他说英语比我好得多。/ He was at the station far too early. 他去车站去得太早。【辨析】farther与further：见further。farmfB:m n.C农场，农庄：He works on the
319、 farm. 他在农场工作。farmer5fB:mE n. C农场主，农夫：fruit farmer果农 【辨析】farmer与peasant：前者通常指非英语国家的自耕农或雇农，后者则主要指英语国家的农民。farther5fB:TE adj.& adv.较远，更远(far的比较级)：We went no farther than the bridge. 我们走到桥头就不再往前走了。【辨析】farther与further：见further。fastfB:st adj. 快的，(钟表)走得快的；紧的adv. 快地；紧地：Im afraid my watch is fast. 我的表快了。/ Yo
320、ure driving too fast. 你车开得太快。fasten5fB:sn v. 闩；栓住；捆；系：Fasten your seat belts! 请系上安全带！【用法】1.用于本义，表示把某物系于另一物上，通常与介词to连用：He fastened the ox to a tree. 他把牛拴在树上。2.用于引申义，表示“注视”、“集中注意力于”等，则通常与介词on upon连用：He fastened his eyes (up)on the stranger. 他的眼睛盯着这个陌生人。fatfAt adj.肥胖的，多脂肪的n.U脂肪，油脂：The doctor told him t
321、o stay away from fat foods. 医生要他不要吃油腻的食品。father5fB:TE n.C父亲：father and mother 父母 / Fathers Day 父亲节faultfR:lt n. C,U过错，缺点，故障，毛病：Its not my fault. 这不是我的错。/ Your only fault is carelessness. 你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。【短语】at fault 有错，有责任，有毛病 / find fault (with sb) 找(某人的)缺点favour(美favor)5feIvE n. C恩惠，帮助 U好感，喜欢：May I as
322、k you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗?【短语】in favor of 赞成，支持 / in ones favour 对某人有利【用法】1. do sb a favour 意为“帮助某人”，也可说成 do a favour for sb，注意其中的动词do不能换成give。2. 在do sb a favor中，当favor后用作定语的不定式或of doing sth时，其前的不定冠词通常要改为定冠词。favo(u)rite5feIvErIt adj.最喜爱的n.C最喜爱的人或物：My favourite sport is skiing. 我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。Davids a gre
323、at favourite with his teacher. 大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。【用法】已含有“最”的意思，通常不再连用most。fearfIE n.&v.害怕，恐惧，担心：He was shaking with fear. 他害怕得直发抖。/ Children fear dogs. 小孩怕狗。【短语】for fear of 由于怕，以防 / in fear of 害怕，担心【用法】1.后接动词可用不定式或动名词：He fears to tell telling her what happened. 他害怕告诉她所发生的事情。2.fear sb与fear for sb不同：前者指害
324、怕某人，后者指为某人担心。feather5feTE n. C羽毛：His death is as light as a feather. 他的死轻如鸿毛。February5febrJErI n.二月：February is the shortest month of the year. 二月是一年最短的一个月。feedfi:d(fed, fed) v. 喂(养)，饲(养)，供养；吃：Sheep feed mostly on grass. 羊以草为主食。/ He fed the horse on potatoes. 他给马喂土豆。feelfi:l v.(felt, felt)摸，触；感觉：Ice
325、 and snow feel cold. 冰雪摸着是冷的。/ Do you feel sure about it? 你能对这有把握吗? / He felt them to be right. 他认为他们是对的。【说明】feel like 是常用短语，其后可接名词或动名词，表示“感到想要(做某事)”、“摸起来好像”、“(感到)像是的样子”：I dont feel like going to the movies. 我不想去看电影。/ It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。/ I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。feeling5fi:lIN
326、 n. C,U感觉；知觉；(常用复)感情：I have a feeling hell come. 我觉得他会来。/ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。fellow5felEJ n.C(口语)人，家伙，小伙子，同伴：fellow workers同事 / Poor fellow! 可怜的家伙！/ Hes a nice fellow. 他是个很好的人。fencefens n.C篱笆，栅栏：The fence kept the dog in the yard. 栅栏把狗圈在了院子里。fetchfetF v.取来，带来；去取：I
327、ts time to fetch the children from school. 是把孩子们从学校接回来的时候了。【用法】可带双宾语，若双宾语易位，通常用介词 for 来引出间接宾语，即fetch sb sth=fetch sth for sb。fever5fi:vE n.C,U发烧，发热：She has a slight fever. 她有点儿发烧。fewfju: adj.& pron.少数(的)，不多(的) n.(表示否定)几乎没有：Who has the fewest mistakes? 谁的错最少?/ Only a few of the children can read. 孩子们
328、只有几个能阅读。【辨析】few与a few：两者均用于表示数量，连用或代替可数名词(必须用复数)，前者表示数量很少甚至几乎没有，强调“少”，含有否定意味；后者表示数量虽不多，但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意味。fieldfi:ld n.C田地；领域；场地；牧场：in the fields 在田地里fiercefIEs adj.凶猛的；猛烈的：He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。/ Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fier
329、ce. 由于失业如此众多，求职的竞争十分激烈。fifteen5fIf5ti:n num.十五：The water was fifteen feet deep. 水有15英尺深。fifthfIfW num.第五：Two fifths of the students are girls. 五分之二的学生是女孩。fifty5fIftI num.五十：He got married in his fifties. 他50多岁才结婚。fightfaIt v.(fought, fought)打仗，打架；与打架n.C战斗，斗争：The children fought with snow-balls. 孩子们打
330、雪战。figure5fIgE n.C数字；外形，图形，塑像，画像 v.描绘；计算；估计：She has a five figure income. 她有五位数的收入。/ She has a trim figure. 她身材苗条。/ You can figure on him to be on time. 你可以指望他准时来。fillfIl v.装满，充满，满，填充：Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪。【短语】fill in 填充，填写，填满 / fill up 填写，填满，装满filmfIlm n. C,U影片，电影；胶卷(片)：The film beg
331、ins at two oclock. 电影两点钟开始。/ Please buy a roll of film for me. 请给我买一卷胶卷。final5faInEl adj.最后的 n.(复数)决赛，期末考试：Is that your final offer? 这是你最后的报价吗? / When do you take your finals? 你什么时候参加期终考试?findfaInd v.(found, found)找到，发现；感到；查明：He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。/ He found the city much chan
332、ged. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。/ We found him to be dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。【短语】find out 查明，弄清【用法】1.可接双宾语，若双宾语易位，用介词for引出间接宾语：Please find me my key.=Please find my key for me. 请给我找到我的钥匙。finger5fINgE n.C手指：She wore a gold ring on her finger. 她的手指上戴了枚金戒指。/ His fingers are all thumbs. 他笨手笨脚。finish5fInIF v.结束，完成：Its
333、a pity (that) he didnt finish college. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。【短语】finish off up 吃完，吃光；做完，结束 【用法】后接动词时不用不定式，而用动名词，且该动名词要用一般式，不用完成式：There was a deadly silence after she finished speaking. 她说完话后是一片沉默。firefaIE n.C,U火，火灾，火炉 v.开火，射击；解雇：There is no fire without some smoke. (谚)有火就有烟。/ In case of fire, ring the bell. 如有火
334、灾，按铃。【短语】catch fire 着火 / on fire 着火 / set fire to 放火烧 / make start a fire 生火firm1fE:m n. C公司，企业：a printing firm 印刷公司firm2fE:m adj. 坚固的，坚定的；坚决的，严格的adv.牢牢地，坚定地：The teacher was firm and did not change her mind. 老师很坚决，他不改变主意。firstfE:st num.第一 adv.& adj.第一，最初 n.开始，开端：Youll be the first to speak. 你将第一个发言。
335、/ Its the first time she has driven a car. 这是她第一次开车。【短语】at first 起初，开始时 / first of all 首先，第一fishfIF n.C鱼 U鱼肉vi.捕鱼，钓鱼：Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。/ Lets go fishing. 我们去钓鱼吧。【用法】用作名词表示“鱼”时，单复数同形，但有时也可用fishes这样的复数形式(表示数量或种类)；表示“鱼肉”时，不可数。fistfIst n.C拳头：He hit me with his fist. 他用拳头打我。fitfIt v.(使)适合，(使)符合；安装
336、adj.适合的，恰当的；胜任的；健康的 n.适合；合身(的衣服)：Does the coat fit? 上衣合身吗? / I hope youll keep fit. 希望你身体保持健康。【用法】表示“适合做某事”，可用be fit to do sth，此时若主语与不定式有动宾关系，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：They are not fit to eat to be eaten. 它们不适合食用。fivefaIv num.五：five senses 五官fixfIks vt. 使固定；确定，决定；准备，安排；修理：He fixed a picture to the wall. 他往墙上贴了
337、张画。/ Have you fixed (on) the date for the meeting? 你们确定了开会的时间吗? / We are going to have the TV fixed. 我们要请人把电视机修好。flagflAg n. C旗，标志：the national flag 国旗flashflAF v.闪亮，(使)闪现 n.C一闪，闪光；转瞬间：His eyes flash with anger. 他眼中冒出怒火。flatflAt adj.平的，扁平的；平坦的；平展的 n.C公寓，一套房：Lie down flat and breathe deeply. 平躺下，作深呼吸
338、。/ The flat is on sale. 公寓出售。flightflaIt n.C航班，飞行；楼梯的一段：Did you have a good flight? 乘机旅行愉快吗?/ My room is two flights up. 我的房间要上两段楼梯。floatflEJt v.(使)浮动，(使)漂浮，飘动：Wood floats on water. 木头漂浮在水上。/ They floated down the river. 他们沿河向下游漂去。floodflQd vt.淹没，使泛滥，充斥 n.C洪水，洪灾：Much of the land was flooded. 很多土地被水淹
339、了。/ The floods are going down. 洪水正在消退。floorflR: n.C地面，地板；楼层：He lives on the fifth floor. 他住在5楼。flourflaJE n. U面粉，粉：rice flour 米粉flowflEJ vi.流，流动：Water flows through the pipe. 水从水管中流过。flower5flaJE n. C花：The rose is my favourite flower. 玫瑰是我最喜欢的花。flyflaI n.C苍蝇 v.(flew, flown)飞，飞行，乘飞行旅行，使飞，放(风筝等)：We ca
340、n either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。follow5fRlEJ v.跟随；(表示时间，顺序等)接着；遵循，理解：Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。/ But worse was to follow. 但更坏的情况还在后头。fondfRnd adj.喜爱的，爱好的：She became very fond of her. 她变得非常喜欢她。【用法】表示“喜欢做某事”，be fond 后接of doing sth，不接不定式。foodfU:d n.U,C食物：This food tastes sweet. 这
341、种食品是甜的。【用法】通常不可数，但若表示某种特殊种类的食物，则可数：breakfast foods 早餐食物foolfu:ln. C傻子，蠢人v.愚弄，欺骗：He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。/ He fooled me into going with him. 他欺骗我，要我跟他去。foolish5fu:lIF adj.笨的，愚蠢的：Its foolish of you to believe her.=You are foolish to believe her. 你相信她真是太蠢了。footfJt n. C脚，足；英尺：To d
342、o this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。【短语】on foot 走路，步行 / at the foot of在的脚下，在的尾端【用法】表示“脚”时，其复数为feet；表示“英尺”时，其复数是feet或foot。football5fJtbR:l n. C(踢球所用的)足球 U足球(运动)：He hurt his leg (in) playing football. 他踢足球把腿踢伤了。forfC:,fE prep.为了；给(某人)，供(某人)用；用于，用来；因为，由于；去；达，计；对，对于；赞成；就来说conj. 因为，由于：Tha
343、ts what were here for. 这正是我们来的目的。/ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。/ Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。/ Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划? / Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要种三棵树。/ Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。forbidfE5bId(forbade/
344、forbad, forbidden) vt.禁止；不许：His wife forbids him wine. 他妻不准他喝酒。/ We forbid smoking in the office. 本办公室内不准吸烟。/ I forbid him to go there again. 我不准他再去那儿。【用法】后接动词作宾语时要用动名词(不用不定式)，但若不定式前有宾语语则可以(此时不定式作宾补)。forcefR:s vt.强迫，迫使 n.U,C力量；武力 (常用复)军队，势力：They were forced to work long hours. 他们被迫长时间干活。【短语】by force
345、 靠武力，强行 / by force of 靠，凭借 / with force 有力地，费力地【用法】表示迫使某人做某事，除可用force sb to do sth外，也可用 force sb into doing sth：They forced her to sign into signing the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。foreign5fRrIn adj.外国的，对外的：a foreign visitor 外宾 / She is quick at learning a foreign language. 她学外语学得快。forest5fCrIst n. C,U森林：The
346、y see the trees but not the forest. 他们见树不见林。forgetfE5get v.(forgot, forgotten)忘记，忘掉：Oh, I forget where she lives. 啊，我忘了她住在哪儿了。/ He forgot about the meeting. 他忘了去开会。【比较】forget to do sth 与forget doing sth：前者指忘记要做某事，后者指忘记曾经做过某事：Dont forget to tell him the news. 别忘记告诉他这消息。/ I forgot telling her the news
347、. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。forgivefE5gIv v.饶恕；豁免，原谅，宽恕：Ive already forgiven you. 我已经原谅了你。/ Please forgive me (for) my fault. 请原谅我的过错。【用法】要表示原谅某人做某事，不能用forgive sb to do sth，而用forgive sb for doing sth：Please forgive me for coming late. 请原谅我来迟了。forkfR:k n.C叉，餐叉；(路，河等)岔口：a knife and fork 一副刀叉formfC:m n. C,U表格；形式，结构
348、；种类v.形成，构成：He asked me to fill a form out in. 他让我填一份表。fortnight5fR:tnaIt n.C双周，十四日：Its a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期。fortunate5fR:tFEnIt adv.幸运地；幸亏：Youre fortunate in your teacher. 你很幸运有位好老师。/ He is fortunate to have in having a good job. 他很幸运有份好工作。/ It is fortunate (for him) that he has a
349、good wife. 他很幸运有位好妻子。fortune5fC:tFu:n n. U运气，机会 C财产，巨款；命运：I had the fortune to meet him there. 我在那儿见到了他，真是幸运。forty5fR:tI num. 四十：A middle-aged person is between forty and sixty years old. 中年人是指40到60岁之间的人。forward5fR:wEd adv.向前，提前 adj.前面的，提前的：Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。/ We can see the forward part
350、 of the ship. 我们可以看见船的前部。【用法】look forward to(展望，盼望)中的to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词。foundfaJnd v.成立，建立：They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。fountain5faJntIn n.C喷泉：A group of children are playing in the fountain in the park. 有一群孩子在公园的喷泉中玩耍。fourfR: num.四：It was a four-storeyed house. 这是一座4层楼房。fourthfR:W num.第四：the May
351、 Fourth Movement 五四运动foxfRks n.C狐狸：a sly old fox 狡猾的老狐狸FrancefrB:ns n.法国：France is famous for its wines. 法国因它的酒而出名。freefri: adj.空闲的，自由的；免费的 adv.免费，自由地 v.释放，使自由：You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。/ Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗? / Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。【短语】for free 免费freedom5fri:dEm
352、 n.U自由：They longed for freedom. 他们渴望自由。freezefri:zv.(froze, frozen)使冻结，结冰；凝固：be freezing cold冰冻一样地冷 / When water freezes, it becomes solid. 水结冰时变成固体。FrenchfrentF adj.法国的；法国人的 n.法语：The letter was in French. 这信是用法语写的。/ The French defeated the English troops. 法国人打败了英国军队。Frenchman5frentFmEn n.(pl. Frenc
353、hmen)法国人：Hes a Frenchman. 他是法国人。frequent5fri:kwEnt adj.经常的，屡次的，频繁的：My girlfriend writes frequent letters to me. 我的女朋友频繁给我写信。freshfreF adj.新鲜地；不熟练的，无经验的：You can buy fresh fruit and vegetables in the market. 你可以在市场上买到新鲜的蔬菜和水果。Friday5fraIdI n. U,C星期五：Friday is believed to be an unlucky day. 星期五被认为是不吉利的
354、日子。fridgefrIdV n.C冰箱(=refrigerator)：We have a fridge in our kitchen. 我们厨房里有一台冰箱。friendfrend n. C朋友：We can remain friends. 我们可以继续作朋友。【短语】make friends 交朋友 / be friends with sb 与某人友好 / keep friends (with sb) (与某人)保持友好关系 / make friends (with sb) (与某人)交朋友friendly5frendlI adj.友好的：He is very friendly to to
355、wards me. 他对我很好。/ Bill is friendly with the girl. 比尔与这个女孩很要好。friendship5frendFIp n. U,C友谊，友情：Thats my idea about friendship. 这是我对友谊的看法。frighten5fraItn vt.吓唬，使惧怕：The ghost story frightened the child. 这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分惊恐。/ He was frightened of losing power. 他害怕会失去权力。fromfrRm prep.从，自，从起，来自：He writes from 10
356、 to 15 letters daily. 他每天写10到15封信。/ Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。/ He kept the bad news from his wife. 他不让他妻子知道这个不好的消息。/ I cant tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。frontfrQntn.C前面，前线，前部 adj.前面的：He considered it his duty to go to the front. 他认为上前线是他的责任。/ He came out by the front d
357、oor. 他从前门出来。【短语】at the front (of) 在(的)前部(前面)，在的前面 / in front of 在前面(通常指范围之外) / in the front of 在的前部或前面(通常指范围之内)fruitfru:t n.U,C水果，果实：They trade in fruit and vegetables. 他们做水果和蔬菜生意。【用法】通常表示集合意义，不可数；但若表示种类，则是可数：The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜，而不是一种水果。fryfraI v.油煎，油炸，油炒：The fish was fry
358、ing. 鱼正在煎。fuelfjJEl n.U,C燃料 v.加燃料，添柴火：Petrol is no longer a cheap fuel. 石油已不再是廉价的燃料。/ Coal, wood and oil are fuels. 煤、木柴和石油都是燃料。fullfJl adj.满的，充满的，完全的：Her eyes are full of tears. 她眼泪汪汪。/ He enjoyed life to the full. 他尽情享受人生。funfQn n. U有趣的事，玩笑，娱乐：What fun we had! 我们玩得真好! / We had fun riding our bicyc
359、les to the beach today. 我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心。【短语】for fun 开玩笑，为了好玩 / in fun 闹着玩的，开玩笑地 / make fun of sb 拿某人开玩笑，取笑某人funny5fQnI adj.可笑的，有趣的，滑稽的：Thats the funniest joke Ive ever heard.那是我所听过的最风趣的笑话。furfE: n.U(兽类的)毛 U,C皮毛，毛皮衣：Cats are covered with soft fur. 猫身上长着柔软的毛。/ He was wrapped in furs. 他的身子裹在皮大衣里。furni
360、ture5fE:nItFE n.U家具：Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。【用法】是集合名词(或叫物质名词)，没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用，含义上永远是单数。若要表示“量”，可用 much, little,a little 等；要表示“数”，可用 a piece of (article, item) of 等：a piece of furniture 一件家具further5fE:TE adj.& adv.(far的比较级)更远的(地)，更进一步的(地)；较远的(地) v.增进，推进：further education 进修，深造
361、 / make no further delay 不再推迟 / His support furthered my career. 他的支持促进了我的事业。【辨析】farther与further：两者均可表示距离，此时可互换；若用于引申义，表示“更进一步”、“更多”、“此外”等义，则只能用 further：Well further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。/ Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗? 另外，further 还可用作动词，表示“增进”、“推进”等，farther 不能这样用。future5fju:tFE n. C,U将来，前
362、途 adj.将来的，未来的：You young people have a bright future ahead of you! 你们年轻人的前途光辉灿烂! 【短语】in the future 将来 / in future 从今以后 / for the future 为将来GgaingeIn v. 获得；获益，增加；(钟、表)走快n.C收获，收益：Without a job, it is impossible to earn any money. 没有工作就不可能挣到钱。/ No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。/ He cares very little for fame an
363、d gain.他对名利很淡薄。gamegeIm n. C游戏，运动；比赛，比赛得分(成绩)；(用复数)运动会：Football is a team game. 足球是一项集体运动。/ How about playing a game of chess now? 现在来下盘棋好吗?【用法】表示“运动会”的games用作主语时，谓语通常用复数(偶尔也用单数)：The 1984 (Olympic) Games were was held in Los Angeles. 1984年奥运会在(美国)洛杉矶举行。garage5gArB:dV,5gArIdV n.C车库：The garage is back
364、 of the house. 车库在房屋后面。garden5gB:dEn n.C花园，果园，菜园：a back garden 后花园gategeIt n.C大门：I would have him wait for me at the gate of the park. 我要他在公园门口等我。gather5gATE v.聚集，集合；收集，采摘：We will gather at the school gate at eight. 我们将8点钟在校门口集合。/ He gathered me some flowers.=He gathered some flowers for me. 他给我采了几朵
365、花。【短语】gather around 聚集，召集，集合 / gather in 收进，收获 / gather up收集，拾起，捡起，收拾；集中，概括gay1geI adj.快乐的，愉快的 n.U快乐：We were all gay at the thought of the coming holidays. 我们一想到即将来临的假期便高兴起来。gay2geI adj.(男)同性恋的n.C(男)同性恋者：I dont know he was gay. 我不知道他是同性恋者。general5dVenErEl adj.一般的，普遍的，大致的，总的 n.将军：Give me a general id
366、ea of the work. 告诉我这件工作的概括情况。/ The general ordered his troops to cease fire. 那位将军命令他的军队停火。【短语】in general 总的说来；大多数generation7dVenE5reIFEn n.C代，一代：We belong to the same generation. 我们是同龄人。【短语】generation gap代沟 / from generation to generation=generation after generation 一代一代【注意】汉语说老一代和年轻一代，并无比较意味，但英语却通常
367、说成the older generation和the younger generation。gentle5dVentl adj.文雅的，温和的：She is gentle in touch, manner, and voice. 她在气质、态度、声调方面都温柔和蔼。gentleman5dVentlmEn n.C绅士，先生：Ladies and gentlemen 女士们和先生们geographydVI5RgrEfI n.U地理(学) C地理书：Hes interested in geography. 他对地理感兴趣。German5dVE:mEn adj.德国的，德国人的，德语的 n. C德国人
368、 U德语：He passed in German, but failed in English. 他德语考试及格了，但英语没及格。【注意】表示“德国人”时，其复数是Germans，不是Germen。Germany5dVE:mEnlI n.德国：At the finals, they lost to Germany. 在决赛中他们输给了德国。getget v.(got, got)成为，变得，使得；得到，收到；具有；到达：Get me a chair, please. 请给我搬张椅子。/ Youll get to like your work. 你慢慢会喜欢你的工作的。/ If you dont
369、get more exercise, youll get fat. 你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。【短语】get about around (能)到处走动，旅行；(消息等)传播 / get along 离开(某地)；相处；进展 / get away离开，逃走；逃脱 / get down 弄下，写下，吞下 / get in 进站，回来；请来；插话；收获 / get off 起飞，动身，出发，下班，下车 / get on上车；进展，过日子；相处 / get out 出来，出去，离开；拿出，取出；发表；泄漏 / get out of 逃避，躲掉；使说出(拿出等)；放弃，戒除，停止 / get over 走
370、过，越过；克服；恢复 / get through 做完，用完，吃完，看完；通过(考试)，接通(电话)，度过(时间) / get together 聚会，联欢 / get up 起床，起身；打扮；举办【比较】get sb (sth) to do sth与get sb (sth) doing sth：前者指使“某人(某事物)做某事”，后者指“使某人(某事物)开始起来”。giftgIft n. C赠品，礼物；天赋，天才：a birthday gift 生日礼物 / Her gift to him was a pen. 她送给他的礼物是一支钢笔。/ She has a gift for (learni
371、ng) languages. 她对学语言有天赋。girlgE:l n.C女孩，姑娘：Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?givegIv(gave, given) v.给，给予，赠给，引起：Give the book to him. 把这本书给他。/ I hope you can give us some help. 我希望你能给我们一些帮助。/ Im sorry Ive given you so much trouble. 对不起给了你这么多麻烦。【短语】give away 赠，送，泄露，出卖 / give back 归还，送回 / give in 屈服，让步，投降
372、/ give off 发出(蒸汽，光等) / give out 分发，用完，耗尽，筋疲力尽；发出(气味，热等) / give up 放弃【用法】过去分词given有时用作介词，表示“考虑到”、“鉴于”：Given their inexperience Given that theyre inexpeerienced, theyve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，这工作他们已干得很不错了。 gladglAd adj.高兴的，乐意的：I am glad to meet you. 我很高兴见到你。/ Were glad of your success. 我们为你的成功而高兴。
373、/ Im glad about your passing the exam. 你考试及格了，我很高兴。glanceglB:ns v.& n.一瞥，扫视，瞥见：He glanced round the room. 他扫视了一下房间。/ She threw me a quick frightened glance. 她快速惊恐地望了我一眼。glassglB:s n. U玻璃 C玻璃杯 (用复数)眼镜：a pair of glasses 一副眼镜 / He handed me a glass of beer. 他递给我一杯啤酒。/ I cut my hand on some broken glass
374、. 我的手被碎玻璃割伤了。globeglEJb n. (连用the)地球 C地球仪，球状物：We use a globe in our geography lessons. 我们在地理课上使用地球仪。/ This plant can grow in many parts of the globe. 这种植物能在地球上许多地方生长。gloveglQv n. C手套：He has his gloves on. 他戴着手套。go1gEJv. (went, gone) 去，行走；变为；处于的状态；(机器等)运转；通到；相配；从事(活动)：Lets go for a walk along the riv
375、er. 咱们到江边散散步。/ The milk went sour. 牛奶变质了。/ He went hungry. 他饿着肚子。/ Yesterday we went swimming in the river. 昨天我们去河边游泳了。【短语】go back 回去；回顾，回溯 / go by从()旁边经过；(时间、机会等)过去；遵循，按照，以为依据 / go down 下落，下降，降低，减弱 / go in for 参加(考试、比赛等)；从事(某一职业等)；爱好，喜欢 / go into 到达，进入，从事，参加；调查，研究 / go out 出去；出国，远行；熄灭 / go over 复习，
376、演习；检查，核对 / go through 通过；检查，审查，查找；经历；做完，用完 / go up上升，上涨；建立 / be going to 打算，即将 【比较】go on doing sth与go on to do sth：前者指不停地做某事或继续做某事，后者指做完某事后接着或继续做某事：You oughtnt to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了。/ He went on to talk about his family. 他接着谈了他的家庭。go2gEJ n. 1.C尝试(做某事)；(常用单)轮到某人(做某事)：Lets have a go a
377、t it. 让我们试一试。/ Its my go. 轮到我啦。goalgEJl n.C目标，目的；(足球)球门，(赛跑等的)终点：His goal is a job at the university. 他的目标是要在大学任教。goatgEJt n.C山羊：Men and goats have grow beards. 人和山羊都长胡子。godgRd n.神，上帝：God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!(天啊!) goldgEJld n.U黄金 adj. 金质的；金色的：All that glitters is not gold.=All is not gold that glitter
378、s. 发亮的不一定都是金子。golden5gEJldEn adj.金色的；金质的；黄金般的，可贵的：golden hair 金发 / The 18th century was the golden age of the novel. 18 世纪是小说的黄金时期。goodgJd adj.(better, best)好的，有益的 n.U好处，益处：She is good at telling stories. 她擅长讲故事。/ Its good for her to buy a computer. 买台电脑对他有好处。Its good of you to lend it to me. 你真好把它借
379、给我。/ Is it any good trying to explain? 试图作些解释有用吗?good-bye5gJdbaI interj.& n.再见：say good-bye to sb 向某人道别 / She kissed them good-bye. 她吻别他们。goodsgJdz n.(复数)商品，货物：five pieces of goods五件货 / The goods are in danger of robbery. 这货有被盗的危险。【用法】只有复数形式，用作主语时，谓语要用复数；虽为复数，但不能与数词连用。goosegu:s n.(pl. geese) C鹅 U鹅肉：
380、I dont care much for goose. 我不太喜欢吃鹅肉。government5gQvEnmEnt n. C政府：the Peoples Government 人民政府【用法】若视为整体，表单数意义；若考虑其成员，则表复数意义：The government is planning to build a dam there. 政府打算在那里建一座水坝。/ The government are discussing the proposal. 政府(人员)正在讨论这个建议。gradegreId n. C等级；年级；成绩，分数：She ranked her students acco
381、rding to their grades. 她按成绩排列学生的名次。/ They sort apples by grade. 他们把苹果按等级分类。/ Her son is in the sixth grade. 她儿子读六年级。gradually5grAdjJElI adv. 逐渐地：Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work. 我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。graduate5grAdjJeIt v.毕业n.C大学毕业生，毕业生：He graduated in history. 他毕业于历史专业。/ He is a grad
382、uate of Oxford University. 他是牛津大学的毕业生。【用法】1.用作动词，一般不及物；有时也用作及物动词，且用于被动语态，但较少见。2.表示从某学校毕业，其后通常接介词at(英)或from(美)。graingreIn n. U谷物，谷类 C谷粒：Grain is used for making flour. 谷物用来做面粉。/ Bring in every single grain. 颗粒还仓。grammar5grAmE n. U语法 C语法书：Is grammar important when learning English?在学英语的过程中，语法重要吗?grand
383、grAnd adj.庄严的，雄伟的，显赫的：He lives in a grand house. 他住在一栋富丽堂皇的房子里。granddaughter5grAn7dR:tE n. C孙女，外孙女：Her granddaughter is lovely. 她的孙女很可爱。grandfather5grAnd7fB:TE n. C祖父，外祖父：Grandfather wont allow it. 爷爷不会允许这样做。grandmother5grAnd7mQTE n. C祖母，外祖母：Ive been to see your grandmother. 我(刚才)看你奶奶去了。grandson5grA
384、ndsQn n. C孙子；外孙：Her grandson is kind to her. 她的外孙对她很好。grassgrB:s n. U,C草，草地：Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。greatgreIt adj.伟大的；重要的：A great deal of money is spent on research. 研究工作上花了许多钱。/ These products are in great demand. 这种产品需求很大。Greekgri:k adj.希腊(人)的，希腊语的n. C希腊人 U希腊语：Greek letters 希腊字母 / Its all Greek
385、to me. 这东西我一窍不通。greengri:n adj.& n.绿色(的)，青色(的)；未熟的；没有经验的：Try pressing the green button. 按绿色按钮试试。/ She was dressed in green. 她穿着绿衣服。greetgri:t vt. 问候，向打招呼：She greeted me warmly. 她热情地和我打招呼。/ His speech was greeted with cheers. 他的演说得到热烈的喝彩。greeting5gri:tIN n. C,U祝贺，问候，致意：As I entered, he gave me a nod
386、of greeting. 当我进来时，他点头向我打招呼。【用法】表示“致贺”、“贺辞”时，通常用复数形式，且多与动词give, send, receive, offer 等连用：Please give my greetings to your parents. 请代我向你父母问好。grey / graygreI adj.灰(白)色的：He was already gray at 30. 他30岁时头发就已经灰白了。/ The blue shirt and gray tie are a good match. 蓝衬衫和灰领带很相配。groundgraJnd n.C地面；场地：He was lyi
387、ng on the ground. 他躺在地上。groupgru:p n.C(小)组，团体，群：The teacher divided the pupils into three groups. 老师把学生分成三组。growgrEJ v.(grew, grown)种植，生长；渐渐变得：He grows vegetables. 他种植蔬菜。/ The weather is growing cold. 天气冷起来了。【用法】其后接不定式表示开始做某事，此时不定式通常为 be, like, hate, believe 等动词：Hes growing to like her better. 他变得更喜
388、欢她了。guardgB:d n.C卫兵，哨兵 U防卫，警戒；监视，看守v.保卫，防卫；监视：He is always on his guard. 他一直很警惕。/ Two big dogs guard the farm. 有两条大狗看守农场。guessges v.& n.猜，猜测：I guessed his thoughts. 我猜着了他的想法。/ He made a blind guess. 他胡猜一通。guestgest n.C客人：She greeted her guests at the door. 她在门口迎接客人。guidegaId n. C向导，导游者v.引导，引路；指导，辅导；
389、支配：The guide showed us around the city. 导游带我们游览了这座城市。/ They guided us to the office. 他们带领我们到了办公室。gungQn n. C枪，炮：We fired our guns at the enemy. 我们向敌人开炮。Hhabit5hAbIt n.C,U习惯，习性：It was not his habit to ask people for things. 他没有向别人要东西的习惯。/ Try to develop good reading habits. 要养成良好的阅读习惯。【用法】表示做某事的习惯，其后
390、要接 of doing sth，不接to do sth：He has broken off got rid of the habit of drinking. 他已戒掉了喝酒的习惯。hairhZE n.C, U头发，毛：I shall cut my hair. 我将理发(自己给自己理发)。/ I shall have my hair cut. 我将理发(请别人给我理发)。【用法】表示“头发”的总称，是集合名词(不可数)；表示一根根的头发，是可数名词：He wears his hair long. 他留长发。/ There are hairs on your jacket. 你的上衣上有几根头发
391、。haircut5hZEkQt n.C(男子)理发，发型：Ill go and get a haircut. 我要去理发。halfhB:f adj.半，一半 n.C,U半，一半 adv.部分地，一半地：Half the students were late. 有一半学生迟到了。/ Well begun is half done. (谚)头开得好，事成一半。/ He was half asleep. 他半醒半睡。【短语】by half 一半；极大地，大大地 / by halves 半途而废地，不完全地 / in half 两半hallhC:l n. C门厅，过道；大厅，礼堂：The hall w
392、ill soon be filled with people. 大厅一会儿就会坐满人。hamhAm n. C,U火腿：Slice the ham thin. 把火腿切得薄薄的。hammer5hAmE n. C锤子v.用锤敲击，反复敲打：Hammer the nail in. 把钉子钉进去。/ He was holding a hammer. 他手里握着一把锤子。handhAnd n.C手；(钟表)指针 v.传递；交付；给：Put up your hand if you know the answer. 若知道答案请举手。【短语】at hand 在手边，在近处；即将到来 / by hand 用手
393、工(即不是用机器或其他手段)；用专人(即不是通常邮寄等) / give lend sb a hand 帮某人一把 / hand in hand手拉手；同时并存 / in hand 手头有；控制，处理，进行 / on hand 在手边(随时可用) / on the one (other) hand 一方面(另一方面) / hand in 交来，交上去(给老师或上级) / hand on 传递给另一个人 / hand out 散发，分发 / hand over 移交，拿给(另一人) / shake hands (with sb) (同某人)握手handkerchief5hANkEtFi:f n.C
394、手帕，手绢：a paper handkerchief 纸手巾【用法】其复数可以是handkerchiefs或handkerchieves，但以前者为多见。handsome5hAnsEmadj.漂亮的，英俊的：He looks handsome in uniform. 他穿制服很英俊。【用法】主要用于说明男性；若用于女性，则指体态健美、端庄稳重等，即指健美而非貌美；若用于儿童，则指“外貌俊秀”。hanghANv.绞死，上吊；悬挂，吊着：He hung the picture on the wall. 他把画挂在墙上。/ He was hanged for murder. 他因杀人罪被判绞刑。【用
395、法】若表示“绞死”，是规则动词，其过去式和过去分词为hanged；若表示“悬挂”，为不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词为hung。happen5hApEn v.(偶然)发生；碰巧：I wont tell anybody what happened. 发生的事我谁也不告诉。/ He happened to be out.=It happened that he was out. 他恰好不在家。【用法】只用作不及物动词，所以不用于被动语态。happy5hApI adj.高兴的，幸福的：They lived a happy life. 他们过着幸福的生活。/ We are happy at about
396、his letter. 收到他的来信我们很高兴。/ He is happy over his success. 他对自己的成功感到高兴。/ Are you happy with your life? 你对生活满意吗?hardhB:d adv.努力地；(下雨等)猛烈地 adj.困难的；硬的：You will fail unless you work hard. 如果你不用功，你会不及格。/ Its raining hard. 正在下大雨。/ The text is hard to understand.=Its hard to understand the text. 这篇课文很难懂。hardl
397、y5hB:dlI adv.几乎，几乎没有：I hardly ever heard him singing. 我几乎从未听他唱过歌。【用法】1.Hardlywhen是固定句型，意为“一就”：Hardly had she arrived when it began to rain. 她刚到就下起雨来了。2.若用于句首，其后要用倒装句式：Hardly did he sleep last night. 他昨晚几乎没睡。hard-working5hB:dwE:kIN adj.辛勤的，勤劳的：The Chinese are a hard-working people. 中国人是一个勤劳的民族。harves
398、t5hB:vIst n. C,U收割，收获(期)；收成v.收割，收获：It happened that the harvest was bad that year. 恰好那年收成不好。hathAt n.C帽子：Hang your hat on the hook. 把帽子挂在衣钩上。hateheIt v.憎恨；不愿，不喜欢：We hate such people. 我们讨厌这样的人。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，用不定式或动名词均可：Some people hate working to work in the early morning. 有些人不爱在清晨工作。但若与would, should
399、连用，则其后只接不定式：Id hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。2.通常只用作及物动词，若后面直接跟if和when引导的状语从句，习惯上先接it：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们嘴里含着饭说话。havehAv v.(had, had)有；吃；喝；进行；经受；使v. aux.(构成完成时态)：Did you have a good holiday? 你假期过得愉快吗? / Have you finished your work? 你完成工作了吗? / Ill ha
400、ve her post the letter. 我要叫她去寄信。/ He had the light burning all night. 他让灯亮了一整夜。/ We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。/ He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。hehi: pron.他：Is your dog a he or a she? 你的狗是雄的还是雌的?headhed n.C头，头部 vi.前进：Use your head. 动脑筋吧。/ Then we headed for home. 然后我们就往家走了。headache5hedeIk n
401、.C头疼：I have (got) a bad headache. 我头痛得厉害。headmasterhed5mB:stE n. C(英)(中小学校)校长：The headmaster has the final say. 校长说了算数。healthhelW n. U健康；卫生：Walking is good for the health. 散步对健康有益。/ They are in good health. 他们身体都很好。hearhIEv.(heard, heard)听，听见；听说；得知：I heard him open the door and enter the room. 我听见他打
402、开门进到屋里。/ I heard that he was ill. 我听说他病了。【短语】hear about 听说，得知 / hear from从听来，收到的来信 / hear of 听说，得知 / hear out 听完(某人的话)hearthB:t n. C心(脏)；心地，心肠，感情：She has a kind heart. 她心地善良。/ His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. 他的心跳得这样厉害，他都喘不过气来了。【短语】by heart 默记地，记下 / heart and soul 全心全意地，全部心思地，完全地 / lo
403、se heart 灰心 / lose ones heart to 倾心于，爱上heathi:t n. U,C热，热度，高温v. 变热，把加热：The heat has caused the milk to go sour. 酷热的天气使牛奶酸了。heaven5hevEn n.天空；上帝，神：Heaven knows! 天晓得！/ Good Heavens! (表惊奇)天呀！ heavy5hevI adj.重的，大量的，强的：He didnt come because of the heavy rain. 因为雨大他没有来。/ He is a heavy smoker. 他烟抽得很多。heigh
404、thaIt n. C,U高，高度：He was a man of middle height. 他是中等个子。hello5helEJ interj.& n.喂：Hello! How are you? 嘿，你好! / She said hello to me when she saw me. 她见到我时向我打招呼。helphelp n.U帮助 C帮手，有益的事物v.帮助；促进：I helped him (to) repair his bike. 我帮他修自行车。/ Please help me with this luggage. 请帮我搬这行李。/ Help yourself to the f
405、ruit. 吃点水果吧。【用法】1.表示“帮助某人做某事”，英语可用help sb (to) do sth，也可用help sb in doing sth。2. cant help doing sth与cant help to do sth不同：前者指“禁不住做某事”，后者指“不能帮助做某事”。herhE: pron.她的，她(宾格)：He gave her a kiss. 他吻了她一下。herehIE adv.这儿；在这里；向这里：here and there 到处，各处 / Here you are. 这就是你所要的东西。/ Here I must disagree. 这一点我必须反对。h
406、ero5hIErEJ n. (pl.heroes)英雄：He died a heros death. 他英勇牺牲。hershE:z pron.她的：Is this his or hers? 这是他的还是她的?herselfhE:5self pron.她自己：She kept herself from laughing. 她忍住没笑。hihaIinterj.嘿! 喂(唤起注意，表示惊讶或询问)：Hi there！喂!hidehaId v.(hid, hidden)隐蔽，把藏起来：He is trying to hide the truth. 他想要掩盖真相。/ A fox cannot hide
407、 its tail. 狐狸尾巴是藏不住的。highhaI adj. 高的；高级的，高等的adv.高：higher education高等教育 / The building is nine stories high. 那座楼有九层高。hillhIl n.C小山：The tower is on the top of the hill. 塔位于山顶上。himhIm pron.他(宾格)：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。himselfhIm5self pron.他自己：He is not quite himself today. 今天他不
408、太舒服。hirehaIE n.&vt.雇用，租用：We hired a car. 我们租了辆汽车。/ This car is for hire. 这辆车是出租的。hishIz pron.他的：Everyone must do his best. 人人都要尽自己力量做。history5hIstErI n.U历史(学) C一段历史：History repeats itself. (谚)历史往往重演。/ China is a country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。【用法】1.以下说法通常不用冠词：modern history 近代史 / world
409、history 世界史 / Chinese history 中国史。但下列说法要用定冠词(注意其后有 of短语)：the history of China 中国史 2. 短语in history(历史上)中也不用冠词：It was an important moment in history. 那是历史上的重要时刻。hithIt(hit, hit) v.打，击中；碰撞；到达；袭击，侵袭：Hit the ball hard. 使劲击球。/ He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。/ The area was hit by a flash storm. 这一地区受到突如其来
410、的暴风雨的侵袭。holdhEJld(held, held) v. 拿，抱，握；举行，进行；容纳；持续，耐久n. (用单数)掌握，把握：He held a knife in his hand. 他手里握着一把刀。/ The room can hold twenty people. 这屋子可容下20个人。/ She holds the same view. 她持有同样的看法。/ Hold the line, please. 请不要挂断电话。【短语】hold back 阻止；忍住；隐瞒 / hold out 支持，给予，坚持 / hold to 抓紧；坚持 / hold up 竖起；阻碍，延误 /
411、catch (get, seize, take) hold of 抓住 / keep hold of 抓住，紧紧握住holehEJl n.C洞，坑，孔：There is a hole in the wall. 墙上有一个洞。holiday5hClEdeI n. C假日，假期：You ought to have a holiday. 你应该休一休假。【比较】on holiday与on holidays：前者指“度假”、“在休假”，后者指“在假日里”(主要指诸如元旦、国庆等的放假日)：The typist is on holiday this week. 打字员本周休假。/ Travel is v
412、ery heavy here on holidays. 假日这里的交通很拥挤。homehEJm n. C,U家 adj.家庭的，本国的 adv.回家，到家，在家：feel at home 感觉习惯，觉得舒适 / We decided to go home by bus. 我们决定坐公共汽车回家。homework5hEJmwE:k n. U家庭作业：do ones homework 做家庭作业honest5RnIst adj.诚实的，正直的，公正的：Please be more honest about it. 请你更坦白地告诉我。/ It was honest of him to tell u
413、s the truth.= He was honest to tell us the truth. 他很诚实，给我们讲了真话。honour(美honor)5CnE n. C,U荣誉；尊敬vt.尊敬，给予荣誉：Would you do me the honor of dancing with me?=Would you do me the honor to dance with me? 能请你跳曲舞吗? / We had a party in honour of his birthday. 为了祝贺他的生日我们举行了一个晚会。hopehEJp v.& n.希望：She worked hard i
414、n the hope of making money.=She worked hard in hopes of making money. 她努力工作是希望赚钱。【用法】1.汉语中的“希望某人做某事”，说成英语不能是 hope sb to do sth，但与之意思相近的wish却可以用于该句型。2.I hope后的宾语从句可用一般现在时表将来，也可直接用将来时态：I hope you (will) like it. 希望你会喜欢它。3.用作名词的hope后可接of doing sth作宾语，但不接不定式：He still has the hope of seeing her again. 他还
415、有希望再见到她。hopeless5hEJplIsadj.没有希望的，没有用的，无法可治的：Your work is hopeless and so are you. 你的工作一无是处，你这个人也是如此。horsehR:s n.C马：I am learning to ride a horse. 我正在学习骑马。hospital5hCspItEl n. C,U医院：The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。【用法】表示“住院”、“出院”等，在英国英语中不用冠词，但在美国英语中可用冠词：She is ill in (the) hospital. 她
416、生病住院了。hothRtadj. 热的，热情的：It was very hot here in summer. 这儿夏天炎热。hot dog7hRt5dRg n.C热狗(红肠面包)：I want a hot dog. 我想要一节热狗。hotel hEJ5tel n. C旅馆，饭店，宾馆，酒店：the Jindi Hotel 金地饭店 / This hotel is the cheapest in town. 这家旅馆是城里最便宜的。hour5aJE n. C小时；时刻：He was paid by the hour. 他按钟点领薪。househaJs n.C房子：It was a five-s
417、toreyed house. 这是一座5层楼房。housewife5haJs7waIf n.C家庭主妇：Shes a bad housewife. 她不善于当家庭主妇。housework5haJs7wE:k n.U家务劳动，家务活：You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮你母亲做家务。howhaJ adv.怎样，如何；多少：How is your mother? 你母亲身体好吗? 【短语】how far 多远(距离) / how many 多少(修饰复数可数名词) / how much 多少(修饰不可数名词) / how old
418、几岁，多大(岁数) / how long 多长，多久 / how often 每隔多久 / how soon 再过多久howeverhaJ5evE adv.无论如何；可是，仍然conj.不管用什么方法：However cold it is，she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都会去游泳。/ However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么来，一定要早来。hugehju:dV adj.巨大的：My family is very large. 我的家庭是个很大的家庭。hundred5hQndrEd num.百：He was
419、paid five hundred dollars. 他们付给了他500美元。【用法】与具体数字连用时，不用复数形式，但若表示泛指数时，只用复数形式，且通常要有of短语：hundreds of people 数百人hunger5hQNgE n.U饥饿，饥荒 C渴望，盼望：Hunger reduced him to stealing. 饥饿迫使他偷窃。 hungry5hQNgrI adj.饥饿的：We had to go hungry. 我们只好挨饿。hurry5hQrI v.& n.赶紧，急忙：I hurried to the ticket-office. 我赶紧到售票处。【短语】hurry
420、up 赶紧，快点 / in a hurry 匆忙地hurthE:tv. (hurt, hurt)使受伤，伤害，疼痛：I wont hurt you. 我不会伤害你。/ Youve hurt his feelings. 你伤害了他的感情。husband5hQzbEnd n.C丈夫：husband and wife 夫妻IIaI pron.我：Im ashamed of what I did. 我对我的行为感到羞愧。iceaIs n. U冰 C一份冰淇淋：Two ices, please. 来两份冰淇淋。ice-cream5aIskri:m n.C冰淇淋：A chocolate ice-cream
421、, please. 请给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。ideaaI5dIE n. C主意，想法：The idea sounds great. 这主意听起来不错。/ You have no idea (of) how worried I was! 你不知道我有多着急! 【用法】其后习惯上不接不定式作定语，遇此情况可用of doing sth：I hate the idea of moving. 我讨厌搬家。ifIf conj.如果；是否：Keep your coat on if you feel cold. 如果你感觉冷大衣不要脱。/ He asked if I would show him the wa
422、y. 他问我是否可以给他带路。【短语】even if 即使，纵使 / as if 好像，似乎 / if not 如果不是那样的话 / if so 如果是那样的 / if only 只要；但愿，要是就好了 illIl adj.生病的，不健康的；不好的，有害的：He is ill with a bad cold. 他患重感冒。【用法】表示“有病的”，一般只用作表语；表示“不好的”，一般只用作定语。【辨析】ill与sick：见sick。illness5Ilnis n. C,U疾病：She was weak after her illness. 她病后很虚弱。imagineI5mAdVIn vt.想像
423、，设想：I cant imagine what has happened. 我想像不出发生了什么事。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语，通常用动名词，不用不定式：Can you imagine living without electricity? 你能想象没有电的生活吗? 2.可说 imagine sb (sth) to be，但通常不说 imagine sb (sth) to do(可将不定式改为动名词)：Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. 不要认为你总是对的。/ Can you imagine John cooking the dinner?
424、你能想像约翰做饭的情形吗? immediateI5mi:djEt adj.立即的；目前的：He made no immediate answer. 他没有立即回答。/ My immediate problem was to get money. 我当前的问题是找钱。immediatelyI5mi:djEtlI adv.立即，马上 conj.一就：I should act immediately. 我应该立即行动。/ I came immediately you called. 你一来电话我就来了。importanceIm5pC:tEns n.U重要性：Its an invention of g
425、reat importance. 这是一项非常重要的发明。importantIm5pR:tEnt adj.重要的：The book is important to for me. 这本书对我很重要。/ It is important (for us) to learn English well. 学好英语 (对我们)很重要。【用法】在Its important 后接that从句时，从句谓语通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：It is important that he (shoud) work hard. 他用功是很重要的。impossibleIm5pRsEbl adj.不可能的
426、：Its impossible (for us) to finish the work in a week. 要(我们)在一周之内完成此工作是不可能的。【用法】its impossible后接that从句时，从句谓语通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气：It is impossible that he (should) go home. 他不可能会回家去。/ It is impossible that he should have gone home. 他不可能回家去了。improveIm5prU:v vt.改进，改善，提高：You can improve your English
427、by reading more. 多看书可以提高你的英语水平。【注意】1.本身已包含有better的意思，所以不与better连用。2. improve on upon 的意思不是“在有改进”，而是指“对改进”或“比更好”：He has never improved on his first book. 他再也没有写出比他的处女作更好的书来。in In prep.在，在之内(上)，在期间，从事于，符合，穿着，按照adv.在家；在内，向内：The train will arrive in a few minutes. 火车过几分钟就到。/ The losses were nine in ten.
428、 损失了十之八九。/ You must pay the bill in cash. 你必须用现金付账。/ The woman in white is his wife. 穿白衣的那个女人是他的妻子。/ His life is in danger. 他有生命危险。/ Be careful (in) crossing the street. 过街道要小心。inchIntF n. C英寸(1 foot=12 inches)：Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。includeIn5klu:d vt.包括：His writings inclu
429、de poetry and a novel. 他的作品包括诗歌和一部小说。/ I include him among my friends. 我把他当作朋友。【用法】1.后接动词作宾语，用动名词形式：Your duties will include putting the children to bed. 你的职责包括照顾孩子就寝。2.注意以下同义句：We all went including me.= We all went me included. 所有人都去了，包括我在内。income5InkQm n. C,U收入：He has a five figure income. 他有五位数的收
430、入。【用法】可受 large, high, small, low 等的修饰，但习惯上不用 much, little。increaseIn5kri:s v.增加，增多，增大 n. C,U增加：The population of the city has increased by 20 per cent. 这座城市的人口增加了20%。indeedIn5di:d adv.的确；真正地，确实：I was indeed very glad to hear the news.我听到这消息的确很高兴。【用法】主要用于受very修饰的形容词或副词后加强语气。有时也用于肯定答语中或感叹句中加强语气。India5
431、IndjE n.印度：India is the home of elephants. 印度是大象的生长地。Indian5IndjEn n.C印度人，印第安人adj.印度(人)的，印第安人的：The Indian people remain in deep poverty. 印第安人仍处于极端贫困状态。industry5IndEstrI n.C,U工业；勤奋：Trade helps the development of industry. 贸易促进工业的发展。/ He won the prize through industry. 他靠勤奋获奖。inferIn5fE: vt.推断：I infer
432、 from your letter that you have not made up your mind yet. 我从你信中推断，你还没有下决心。information7InfE5meIFEn n. U信息；通知，告知：information desk 问讯处inkINk n.U墨水：Please write in ink. 请用钢笔写。insideIn5saId n. C内部 adv.& prep.在内部；在里面：There is a label on the inside of the box. 盒子内侧有个标签。insistIn5sIst v. 坚持：I insist on your
433、 being there. 我坚持要你在那里。【用法】1.其后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语，也不能接不定式或动名词作宾语。后接名词时借助介词on，后接动词时要用on doing sth：He insisted on this point. 他坚持这一点。/ He insisted on seeing us home. 他一定要送我们回家。2.后接that从句时，若表示“坚持要”(从句所指内容只是想法，不是事实)，从句谓语用“用should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气；若表示“坚持说”(从句内容不是想法，而是事实)，从句谓语用陈述语气：I insisted that he (should) go.
434、我一定要他去。/ I insisted (that) he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。insteadIn5sted adv.代替：If you cannot go, let him go instead. 如果你不能去，让他替你去。【短语】instead of 代替，而不是：Use eggs instead of meat. 用鸡蛋代替肉。institute5InstItjU:t n.C学会，协会，学院，(研究)所、院：an institute of foreign languages 外国语学院 / the Womens Institute 妇女协会instructionIn5
435、strQkFEn n.U教导，教授 C命令，指示 (用复数)说明：Mr Smith gives instruction in English. 史密斯先生教授英语。/ You must obey my instruction. 你必须遵守我的命令。/ Read the instructions on the bottle before you take the medicine. 吃药前先看药瓶上的说明。interest5Intrist n.C,U兴趣；利息 C,常用复利益 vt.使感兴趣：They have much a great interest in poetry. 他们对诗歌很感兴趣
436、。/ He lent me the money at 5% interest. 他以五分的利息借给我这笔钱。/ Football interests him. 他对足球感兴趣。【比较】be interested in (doing) sth与be interested to do sth：前者指“对做某事感兴趣”，后者指“很想做某事”：They are interested in learning drawing. 他们对学绘画感兴趣。/ Id be interested to hear your opinion about this. 我很想听听你对这事的意见。interesting5Int
437、rIstIN adj.有趣的，引起兴趣的：Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。international7IntE(:)5nAFEnEl adj.国际的：international law 国际法interrupt7IntE5rQpt v.打断，打扰；中断：Dont interrupt me. 别打断我。/ Rain interrupted our baseball game. 下雨中断了我们的棒球比赛。into5IntJ prep.到内，向内；变成：Throw it into the fire. 把它扔进火里。/ That woman screa
438、med into my face. 那个女人对我的脸尖叫。/ The dish broke into many pieces. 碟子打成了许多小块。/ He worked far deep, late into the night. 他工作到深夜。/ He talked his wife into buying a car. 他说服他妻子买一辆小汽车。/ He divided the students into six groups. 他把学生分为6组。【说明】在口语中，be into 可表示“给迷住”、“对深感兴趣”：He is into stamp collecting. 他非常喜欢集邮。
439、introduce7IntrE5dju:s vt.介绍，引进：Permit me to introduce myself. 请允许我介绍自己。【说明】1.不能后接双宾语，要表示给某人介绍他人，应用introduce sb to sb：He introduced his friend to me. 他把朋友介绍给我。2. introduce sb to sth 的意思不是“把某人介绍给某事物”，而是“使某人了解(认识、体验)某事物”：The teacher introduced the students to the pleasure of reading. 老师让学生们尝到了读书的乐趣。inv
440、entIn5vent vt.发明，创造；捏造，编造：Who invented the television? 电视是谁发明的? / The whole story was invented. 整个故事是虚构的。inviteIn5vaIt vt.邀请，招待：He invited me to dinner. 他邀请我参加宴会。/ They invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。/ He didnt invite us (to come) in. 他没有请我们进屋。iron5aIEn n.U铁 C熨斗 v.熨烫：We must strike while th
441、e iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。/ Shes ironing his shirt. 她在烫他的衬衫。island5aIlEnd n. C岛，岛状物：Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。itItpron.(指事物)它，(当性别不明或被认为不重要时，指动物或人)它，(用作各种无人称动词形式的主语以及用于强调句型等)：Its a nice watch. 是块漂亮的表。/ It is raining. 正在下雨。/ Its in this room that he was born. 他就是在这个房间出生的。/ Its ni
442、ce to see you again. 又见到你真是太好了。itselfIt5self pron.它自己，它本身：The work itself is easy. 这工作本身很容易。Jjacket5dVAkIt n.C上衣，夹克：How much is the jacket? 这件上衣多少钱?jamdVAm n. U果酱 C阻塞v.挤进；夹住，阻塞：a traffic jam 交通阻塞January5dVAnjJErI n.一月：Her birthday is in January. 她的生日在一月。JapandVE5pAn n.日本：Have you ever been to Japan?
443、 你到过日本吗?JapanesedVApE5ni:z n.C日本人 U日语adj.日本的，日本人的：He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。jardVB: n.C罐子，广口瓶子：a jar of oil 一罐油jobdVRb n.C工作：Hes been out of a job for months. 他已失业几个月了。joindVRIn v.加入，参加；连接，联合：He joined the Party in 1947. 他于1947年入党。/ Hell join us in singing the song. 他将同我们一起唱歌。/ Join this pipe to
444、the other. 把这根管子与那根连接起来。jokedVEJk n.C笑话 v.开玩笑：War is no joke. 战争不是闹着玩的。/ Lets play a joke on him. 我们来开他个玩笑。/ He is only joking. 他只不过是开玩笑。journey5dVE:nI n.C旅行，路程：Have a pleasant journey! 祝旅途愉快!joydVCI n. U欢乐，高兴 C令人快乐的人(事)：He jumped for with joy. 他高兴得跳了起来。/ To my joy, I succeeded at last. 使我高兴的是我最后成功了
445、。judgedVQdV n.C法官，裁判员 v.判断，断定：Dont judge by from appearances. 不要从外表来下判断。/ Judging from by what he said, he must be a cheat. 从他说的话来看，他一定是个骗子。juicedVu:s n.C,U汁，果汁：A glass of orange juice, please. 请来杯橘子汁。JulydVJ(:)5laI n.七月：July 1 is our Partys birthday. 7月1日是我们党的生日。jumpdVQmp n.C跳 v.跳；猛扑：He jumped for
446、joy. 他高兴得跳了起来。JunedVu:n n.六月：June 1 is Childrens Day. 6月1日是儿童节。justdVQst adv.正好，恰好；刚才；仅，不过：This is just what I wanted. 这正是我所要的。【用法】表示“刚刚”时，在英国英语中常与现在完成时连用，而在美国英语中常与一般过去时连用：He (has) just arrived. 他刚到。但与之同义的 just now 则通常只与一般过去时连用：He arrived just now.Kkeepki:p v.(kept, kept)保存，保持(某种状态)，继续不断：Keep calm!
447、安静! / Keep the baby warm. 别把婴儿冻着。【短语】keep back (使)后退；忍住，隐瞒 / keep down 抑制，控制，使下降 / keep off 避开，防止，挡住 / keep on 继续 / keep out 遮挡，使不进入 / keep out of 使不进入 / keep up 保持，继续 / keep up with 跟上，不落后【注意】其后可接动名词作宾语，但不能接不定式。【比较】1.keep doing sth与keep on doing sth：若表示反复发生的动作(即动作间有间隔)，可互换；若表示持续的状态或连续不断的动作(动作之间无间隔)
448、，则用 keep doing sth：I kept hoping that they would have chance to come to China some day. 我一直希望他们有机会到中国来。2.keep sb doing sth与keep sb from doing sth：前者指使某人不停地做某事，后者指使某人不做某事，两者意思几乎相反：Im sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。/ The rain kept us from going out. 下雨使我们没法出去。keyki: n.C钥匙；键；关键，秘诀；答案：the keys
449、of a piano 钢琴琴键 / I lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。【用法】表示“的钥匙”，其后可用介词 to或of：the key to of the door 门的钥匙。但若用于比喻义表示“答案”、“秘诀”、“关键”等，通常只接介词to：This is the key to the problem. 这是问题的关键。kickkIk v & n.踢：He shut the door with a kick. 他把门一踢，把门关上了。killkIl v.(被)杀死，(被)弄死；消磨(时间)：How do you manage to kill your time on Sunda
450、ys? 你在星期天是如何打发时间的?kilo5kIlEu n.C千克，公斤；千米，公里：He bought three kilos of oranges. 他买了3公斤橘子。kilometre / kilometer5kIlEJmi:tE n. C千米，公里：The new city covers more than 30 square kilometres. 这座新城市面积有 30 多平方公里。kindkaInd n. C种，类 adj.和善的，友好的：We sell all kinds of hats. 我们卖各种帽子。/ Will you be kind enough to =so ki
451、nd as to shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?【用法】1.用作名词表示“种类”时，用于kind of 后的名词通常要用单数，且不用冠词：This kind of book is interesting. 这种书很有趣。2.kind of 可用作状语，表示“有点儿”：I feel kind of cold. 我感到有点冷。kindergarten5kIndE7gB:tEn n.C幼儿园：Bring the children back from the kindergarten at four oclock. 下午四点把孩子们从幼儿园接回来。kingkIN n.C国王：The
452、lion is the king of beasts. 狮子为万兽之王。kisskIsv.& n. C吻，接吻：She kissed her mother goodbye. 她吻别了她的妈妈。/ He blew a kiss at to me. 他给我一个飞吻。kitchen5kItFIn n. C厨房，灶间：My mother has been slaving away all weekend in the kitchen.整个周末，我母亲一直在厨房里忙碌。kitekaIt n. C风筝：The children are flying kites. 孩子们在放风筝。kneeni: n. C膝
453、盖；(坐姿时)腿部：He went down on his knees and begged for mercy. 他跪下求饶。knifenaIf n.C小刀：Set the table with knives and forks. 在桌上摆好刀叉。knocknRk v.& n.C敲，打；相撞：There was a knock at his door. 有人敲他的门。/ Please knock (at/on the door) before entering. 进屋之前请先敲门。knownEJ v.(knew, known)懂得；了解；知道；认识：Do you know why he wa
454、s late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗?/ Ive never known it (to) snow in July before. 我以前从未听说过七月份会下雪。【短语】know of (about)(间接)知道 / know nothing about 对一无所知 / know from 区分【用法】其后不能直接跟不定式作宾语，但若不定式前有连接代(副)词则可以，如不说He knows to swim，而说He knows how to swim(他会游泳)。【比较】be known as=著称，被认识 / be known for 因为出名 / be known to=为所知knowled
455、ge5nClIdV n. U知识，学问；知道，了解，熟悉：Knowledge is power. (谚)知识就是力量。/ Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。【用法】1.汉语中说“英语知识”、“历史知识”等，说成英语通常是 the knowledge of English, the knowledge of history等，而不是 English knowledge, history knowledge等。2.是不可数名词，但有时可与不定冠词连用，表示某种程度的知识：He has a knowledge of music. 他懂点音乐。3.要表示“
456、学习”知识，英语习惯上不用动词study，而用get, gain, obtain, acquire 等。LlablAb n.C实验室：laboratory equipment 实验室设备labo(u)r5leIbE n.U劳动：According the Law of Labour, bosses cant fire workers at will any longer. 根据劳动法，老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。lacklAk v.& n.U,C缺乏，缺少，没有：What she lacks is experience. 她缺的是经验。/ Lack of rest made her tir
457、ed. 她因缺乏休息而感到疲倦。/ The plants died for through lack of water. 这些植物因为缺水而死了。【用法】1.用作名词时，其后可接of；用作动词时，及物，其后不能接of。2.用作动词时，通常不用于进行时态或被动语态，但be lacking 是习语，尤其用于be lacking for in 等搭配中：Money was lacking for the plan. 这项计划缺乏资金。/ Humour is lacking in his speeches. 他讲话缺乏幽默。ladder5lAdE n. C梯子：Some people say it i
458、s unlucky to walk under a ladder. 有人说在梯子下面走过去是不吉利的。lady5leIdI n. C女士，夫人，小姐：Ladies and Gentlemen 女士们，先生们 / ladies lady first 女士优先lakeleIk n. C湖：the Dongting Lake 洞庭湖 / Lets have a row on the lake. 我们去湖上划船吧。lamplAmp n. C灯，油灯：put out a lamp 熄灯 / turn on (off) a lamp 开(关)灯【说明】可指电灯或油灯。landlAnd vt.(使)登陆，(
459、使)上岸，(使)降落 n.U陆地，土地：The plane will land in five minutes. 飞机将在五分钟后降落。/ Did you come by land or by sea? 你是从陆路来的还是从海路来的?language5lANgwIdV n.C,U语言：People in different countries speak different languages. 不同国家的人说不同的语言。/ Language is an instrument for communication. 语言是交际的工具。largelB:dV adj.大的，巨大的：A large n
460、umber of their students are Asians. 他们的很多学生是亚洲人。/ in large numbers 大量地 / in large quantities 大量地lastlB:st adj.& adv.最后的(地)，最后刚过去的，上一次n. C最后 v.持续：There were strong winds last night. 昨晚刮大风。/ When did you see her last? 你上次是何时碰到她的? / She was the last to arrive. 她是最后到的。【短语】at last 最后，终于 / in the last fiv
461、e (few) years 在过去五(几)年中(通常连用现在完成时) lateleIt adj.& adv.晚的(地)，迟的(地)：Dont be late for class again. 上课别再迟到了。/ The train arrived five minutes late. 火车晚点五分钟。【比较】be late for doing sth与be late in doing sth：前者指做某事迟到，后者指做某事做得迟(此时也可换成be late with sth)：We were late in having lunch today.= We were late with lunc
462、h today. 我们今天午饭吃得迟。【短语】as late as 迟至 / at the latest 至迟，最迟lately5leItlI adv.最近，不久前：Have you seen her lately? 你最近见到她了吗?later5leItE adv.之后；不久；后来：sooner or later 迟早 / Later on he realized his mistake. 后来他意识到了自己的错误。laughlB:f v.笑，大笑；嘲笑；笑得使n.C笑，笑声：She cant bear being laughed at. 她受不了别人的嘲笑。lawlC: n.U法律 C法律
463、条款；法则，定律：It was against the law. 这是违法的。/ The law will soon take effect. 这条法律即将生效。lawyer5lR:jE n. C律师：The lawyer examined the witness. 律师讯问了证人。layleI(laid, laid) v.放，摆；使处于某种状态；产卵：Lay it on the floor. 把它放在地上。/ Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗? / These hens are laying well. 这些母鸡产蛋
464、很多。【注意】不要将它与lie(躺，位于)的过去式(lay)相混淆。lazy5leIzI adj.懒惰的，懒散的：He was too lazy. 他太懒。leadli:d(led, led) v.领导，带领；领先，率先；过生活：He leads a quiet life in the country. 他在乡下过着安静的生活。【比较】lead sb in doing sth与lead sb to do sth：前者指领导(带领)某人做某事，后者指使某人做某事(有时有误导之意)：Our Party leads us in building socialism. 党领导我们建设社会主义。/ Wh
465、at he said led us to believe that he was rich. 他说的话使我们相信他有很多钱。【短语】lead to 通向(某地)，导致(某种结果)leafli:f(leaves) n.C(树)叶；(书刊等的)张(包括正反两面，相当于two pages)：In fall the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天，树叶由绿变成褐色。leagueli:g n.C同盟，联盟；(足球等)联合会，联赛：He joined the League last year. 他去年入了团。/ Our team is at the top of
466、 the football league this year. 我们队是今年足球联赛中最好的队。learnlE:n v.(learnt, learnt或learned, learned) 学习；听说，获悉：Never too old to learn. (谚)活到老学到老。/ Study hard and make progress every day. 好好学习，天天向上。【短语】learn of 听说 / learn about of 听说关于的情况 / learn from 从得知，从(向)学习leastli:st adj.& n.最小(的)；最少(的) adv.最少地：He has l
467、east money of us all. 在我们所有人当中他最没有钱。【短语】at least 至少 / in the least 一点(也不)，丝毫(不)(主要用于否定句)leaveli:v v.(left, left)离开；把留下；剩下：He left for Paris. 他动身去巴黎了。/ He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。【比较】1.leave sb doing sth与leave sb to do sth：前者指让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)，后者指让某人去做某事：His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他
468、的信让我感到很难受。/ Were leaving him to do it. 我们打算让他去做这事。2. leave sth for sb与leave sth to sb：前者指给某人留下某物(也可说成leave sb sth)，后者指把某物交给(委托给)某人(其中的to也可换成with)：Someone left this note for you.= Someone left you this note. 有人给你留下了这张条子。/ Youd better leave the matter to with me. 你最好把这事交给我办。lecture5lektFE v.& n.C演讲，讲座
469、，讲课：a lecture on the situation 形势讲座leftleft n.(用单数)左，左边 adj.左的，左边的 adv.向左：The school is on the left of the road. 学校在马路的左边。Go right to the end of this street and then turn left. 一直走到这条街的尽头，然后左转。legleg n. C腿；一段旅程(赛程，路程)：My right leg hurts. 我右脚疼。/ the last leg of the flight 飞行中的最后一段路程lendlend v.(lent,
470、lent)把借给：He lent me nothing.=He lent nothing to me. 他什么也没借给我。lengthleNW n. U长，长度：The rope is 5 metres in length. 这根绳子5米长。/ The length of the movie is two hours. 影片长两小时。【短语】at length 最后，终于；详细地，彻底地lessles adj.更少的；较少的 adv.更少地；较少地：We must do more with less money. 我们要少花钱多办事。/ Jane is less beautiful than
471、Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。【短语】less and less 越来越小(少) / less than (指数量)不到；比(小)少 / less.than 不像(如)；不如多；与其不如 / no less than 多达，有之多(强调数量之多)；简直，与没差别 / no less.than 与一样，不比差(强调有同等性)lesson5lesn n. C课，功课；教训：It is a lesson to me. 这对我是一个教训。letlet v.(let, let)让，允许；出租：Let him (come) in. 让他进来。/ Lets go swimming on Sunday. 我们星
472、期日去游泳吧！【用法】1.表示“让”时，其后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to。2. lets的否定式可以是 lets not或dont lets：Lets not hurry.=Dont lets hurry. 我们不要太急。3.表示“出租”时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：The house is to let. 房屋出租。letter5letE n.C字母；信：She tore the letter into tiny pieces. 她把信撕得粉碎。level5levEl n. C,U水平面，层面；水准，程度，级别 adj.水平的；平坦的；平等的；同一水平的：artistic level
473、艺术水平 / Some streets are not level in the city. 城里有几条街道不平坦。liberate5lIbEreIt vt.解放，释放，使自由：All the prisoners were liberated. 所有犯人都释放了。liberation7lIbE5reIFEnn. U解放：womens liberation 妇女解放运动librarianlaI5brZErIEn n. C图书馆馆长，图书管理员：The librarian called in all the books. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去。library5laIbrErI n. C图书馆
474、：The library is open every day. 图书馆每天都开。lie1laI vi.说谎 n.C谎言，假话：He lied about his age. 他谎报年龄。【说明】动词lie表示“说谎”时，是规则动词(过去式和过去分词均为lied)；表示“趟”、“卧”、“平放”、“位于”等，是不规则动词(过去式为lay，过去分词为lain)。但无论表示哪个意思，其现在分词均为lying。lie2laI(lay, lain) vi. 躺，卧，平放；位于，在位置；保持状态：She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。/ Thats where the real dan
475、ger lies. 那是真正的危险所在。【注意】不要将过去式(lay)与动词原形lay(放，置，下蛋)混淆。lifelaIf n. C,U生命，人生；一生；生活：Hes lived here all his life. 他一辈子住在这里。/ May you have a long and happy life! 祝你快乐长寿!lifetime5laIftaIm n. C一生，终生：during ones lifetime 一生liftlIft vt.提起，举起 n.C升举，提；(英)电梯；搭便车：He is not strong enough to lift the box. 他力气不够大提不
476、起这个箱子。/ Could you give me a lift? 你可否让我搭你的车?lightlaIt n. U光，光线；日光 C电灯，电筒 v.点火；照亮 adj. 轻的；浅色的：Light travels faster than sound. 光的速度比声音快。/ Why did you leave the light on? 你为什么让灯开着? / He lit lighted a cigarette. 他点燃了一支烟。【用法】用作动词时，过去式和过去分词可用lighted或lit，其区别是：一般情况下多用lit，若用于名词前作定语，则用lighted，但若用作定语的lighted受
477、到副词的修饰，则多用lit。lighting5laItIN n. U照明，点火：The lighting of fires here is forbidden. 在这里生火是禁止的。lightning5laItnIN n.U闪电：Lightning plays in the sky. 空中电光闪闪。like1laIk v.喜欢；想要：Id like to stay at home. 我想呆在家里。/ How do you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时，用不定式或动名词均可：Many people like to watch watching
478、TV at night. 许多人喜欢晚上看电视。2.后接if或when引导的从句时，应在其后加it：I dont like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。like2laIk prep.像，跟一样；例如，诸如conj.(口语)像一样：Shes very (much) like her mother. 她很像她妈妈。limit5lImIt n.C(事物的)界限，限度；范围 vt.限定，限制：He knows his own limits.他自知能力有限。/ Limit your answer to yes or no. 你
479、只要回答是还是否。linelaIn n. C线，线条；绳；排；电话线；短信；(常用复)台词 v.划线(于)；(使)沿排成行：The children are standing in line. 孩子们排成一行。/ We lined up to buy tickets. 我们排队买票。/ The road is lined with trees. 路的两边种着树。【短语】drop (sb) a line (给某人)写封短信 / hold the line (电话用语)等一下lion5laIEn n.C狮子：The lion is the king of beasts. 狮子为万兽之王。liplI
480、pn.C嘴唇：He kissed her on the lips. 他吻了她的嘴唇。listlIst n.C一览表，清单vt.把列表(造册)：His name appears second on the list. 他名列第二。listen5lIsn vi.听：I listened but heard nothing. 我听了听，但什么也没听到。【短语】listen to 听 / listen for 听着等候(的声音) / listen in 收听(广播)；偷听litre(美liter)5li:tE n. C升，公升：a litre of oil 一升油little5lItl(less, l
481、east) adj.小的，幼小的；不重要的；(表否定)几乎没有n.& pron. (连用a) (表肯定)一点，少许；(表否定)少到几乎没有 adv. (表否定)几乎没有，几乎不，毫不：He knew a little of everything. 他什么都知道一点。/ She had little spare time. 她空余时间很少。/ Hes a little bit better now. 现在他稍好一点儿了。【比较】1.little与a little：两者均可表示“少”，后接不可数名词，但前者表示否定意义，表示很少或少到几乎没有；后者表示肯定意义，表示量虽少，但毕竟还有。2. not
482、 a little 与not a bit：前者意为“很”，后者意为“一点也不”。live1lIv v.活，生存；生活，居住；过样的生活：They live by honest labour. 他们靠诚实劳动过活。/ The Chinese live on rice. 中国人以大米为主食。live2laiv adj.活的，有生命的；带电的；实况的，直播的 adv.现场：live fish 活鱼 / The race will be telecast live. 比赛将有电视现场播出。lively5laIvlI adj.生动的，活泼的；有生气的：The music is bright and li
483、vely. 这音乐活泼轻快。living5lIvIN adj.活着的 n.C,U生活，谋生：He makes his living by teaching English as a teacher of English. 他靠教英语为生。living-room5lIvINrJmn.C起居室，客厅：in the living-room 在客厅loadlEJd n.C负担，担子，重载v.装载，载满：He set his load down. 他把重物放了下来。/ We loaded the truck with bananas. 我们把香蕉装上卡车。loaflEJf n. C(通常较大的)长面包，
484、一个面包：Half a loaf is better than no bread. 半块面包总胜于全无面包(有比没有好)。locklRk n.C锁 v.锁上，锁住：Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。lonely5lEJlI adj.孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的：Im surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤独。longlRN adj.(指距离)长，远；(时间)长 adv.长久 n.长期间 v.渴望：I cant stay here long. 我不能在这儿呆很久。【短语】before long 不久以后，很快 / l
485、ong ago 很久以前 / long before 很久以前 / as long as 与一样长(久)；只要 / for long 很久，好久 / no longer=not.any longer 不再looklJk n. C看；表情，外表v.看，看起来：I looked but saw nothing. 我看了看，但什么也没看见。【短语】look about around 环顾四周，到处看 / look after 照顾，照料 / look at 看，注视，看待 / look down on upon 看不起，瞧不起 / look for 寻找，期待 / look forward to 期
486、待，盼望(to为介词) / look in (顺便)来访 / look into 调查，了解 / look like 看起来像，好像要 / look on 旁观；看作 / look out 向外看，当心 / look over 审阅，翻阅，打量，检查 / look through 翻阅，浏览 / look to 注意，负责 / look up 查阅，查找；看望，拜访 / look up to 尊敬lorry5lRrI n.C卡车，运货汽车：Look out. There is a lorry coming. 当心! 有辆卡车开过来了。loselu:zv. (lost, lost)丢失，丧失；输
487、：I lost my keys. 我的钥匙丢了。/ Our team lost the football match. 我们队足球比赛输了。【短语】be lost in 陷入(沉思等)，全神贯注于，为所吸引losslRs n.U丧失，损失 C亏损，损失物：Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 丧失健康比丢失金钱更糟。【短语】at a loss 不知所措，不知如何是好lotlRt n.(连用a或用复数)很多：I picked lots of flowers. 我摘了许多花。/ He has quite a lot of friends. 他有很
488、多朋友。/ He is a lot better today. 他今天好多了。loudlaJd adj.& adv.大声的(地)，响亮的(地)：He has a loud voice. 他嗓子大。/ You neednt talk so loud. 你不必这么大声讲话。lovelQv v.& n.爱，热爱，很喜欢：Children love playing to play. 儿童爱玩。/ She fell in love with her teacher. 她爱上了自己的老师。【短语】1.后接动词作宾语时，用不定式或动名词均可。但 would should love后却只能接不定式：Id lo
489、ve to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。2.当其后接有if或when 引导的从句时，应在其后加上it：She wont love it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢人迟到。lovely5lQvlI adj.可爱的，好看的，使人愉快的：What lovely flowers those are! 那些花多么好看啊! / She looks really lovely. 她看起来的确可爱。lowlEJ adj.& adv.低，矮：He sold it at a low price. 他低价卖了它。lucklQk n.U运气，好运：Good-bye and go
490、od luck to you. 再见，祝你好运。/ Im quite out of luck today. 我今天真倒霉。luggage5lQgIdV n.U(总称)行李(=baggage)：a piece of luggage 一件行李 / Have you checked all your luggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗?【用法】见baggage。lunchlQntF n.U午餐，午饭：Lunch is from eleven to one. 午饭从11点供应到1点。/ He had a plate of beef for lunch. 他午餐吃了一盘牛肉。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
