1、高一英语暑假练习卷（二）第二部分：阅读部分（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）第一节：共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分AWhat steps can city officials, pedestrians (行人) and drivers take to reduce the number of accidents? The physics is easy: Slower speeds save lives. The culture is harder but its changing. With more than 250 traffic deaths each year in New Y
2、ork City, “We at City Hall dont accept this reality,” Mayor Bill de Blasio told New Yorkers on Tuesday. “So many people lost their lives that we could have saved.” The good news is that saving lives on the streets is not difficult. The better news is that people are starting to demand (要求) that the
3、city save lives even at the cost of drivers convenience. What, or rather who, kills New Yorkers especially seniors and children as they cross the street? Drivers who speed, and drivers who dont pay attention. Five-year worth of New York crash data shows that “dangerous driver choices are the contrib
4、uting factor in 70% of pedestrian deaths,” the city reported this week. And in 53 percent of pedestrian deaths, the pedestrians were following all the rules crossing on a crosswalk with the light, for example, or sometimes just standing on the sidewalk. But a driver who was inattentive or speeding o
5、r who failed to yield (给让路) hit and killed them anyway. The biggest step that the mayor correctly put forward on Tuesday, then, was to lower and enforce (实施) speed limits. The hard part, though, will be enforcement. Police officers can write speeding tickets, and have been doing so. But ticket-writi
6、ng consumes officers attention. A speeder may face an officer in one block but not the next. Thats why the mayor also wants Albany to allow the city to put in place more speed cameras than the 20 New York already has. In this way police resources (警力) will be able to focus on other dangerous behavio
7、rs, including truck drivers who come into the city without enough mirrors and drivers who talk on cell phones or text. The most important factor in saving lives, though, is a changing culture which, in turn, is affecting political (政治的) will. The car and truck once ruled the road, and people, even i
8、n crowded city environments, were supposed to get out of drivers way. Now, more and more people are walking or bicycling (often before or after a subway or bus ride). New Yorkers expect to be able to raise children here or grow old here safely, even if that means a small number of drivers must do so
9、 more patiently.21. Facing the data of traffic deaths, Mayor Bill _.A. felt regretB. had his doubts C. seemed confusedD. sounded surprised22. What can be inferred from the city report?A. Drivers made dangerous choices on purpose. B. Obeying traffic rules would ensure your safety.C. Some drivers made
10、 a contribution to traffic safety. D. Some pedestrians were partly to blame for their deaths.23. Among the following enforcement measures of speed limits, the mayor disapproves of _.A. educatingB. ticket-writing C. speed camerasD. police resources24. Which of the following can be considered to be a
11、sign of the changing culture?A. Motor vehicles are disappearing. B. More people are walking or bicycling.C. City environments are getting more livable.D. New Yorkers are paying more attention to education. BBlue-eyed people have been living in Europe for at least 7,000 years, scientists have discove
12、red.A man who lived on the Iberian Peninsula before Europeans became farmers probably had blue eyes but dark hair and skin, according to scientists who have sequenced (排序) his DNA. This surprising combination of eye, hair and skin coloring may not have been unusual during his lifetime, but it is no
13、longer seen among modern Europeans, the team reported Sunday in the journal Nature. The man, a Neolithic hunter-gatherer known to scientists as La Braa 1, is of great interest to scientists because he offers a photograph of what was in Europeans DNA before agriculture (农业) spread through the contine
14、nt. Experts have understood that certain genetic (基因的) features spread quickly among humans after they led the farming lifestyle. La Braa 1 shows that at least some of their expectations were correct.The mans skeleton, along with that of a male companion, was discovered in 2006 in a cave in what is
15、now northeastern Spain. The site, known as La Braa-Arintero, sits about 5,000 feet above sea level, and the cave provided a cold, refrigerator-like environment that preserved his DNA.In the lab, scientists were able to take out enough DNA from a single tooth to reconstruct La Braa 1s entire genome (
16、基因组). They compared it to the DNA of other ancient Europeans and determined that he was a closer match with hunter-gatherers than with farmers.When it came to genes that would influence La Braa 1s appearance, the researchers found that their 7,000-year-old subject had versions of two skin pigment (色
17、素) genes that are either very rare or nonexistent among Europeans today. Then they looked at other places in the genome that influence pigmentation and found a mix of ancient and modern gene variants (变体). Taken together, La Braa 1s DNA “is likely to have resulted in dark skin pigmentation and dark
18、or brown hair,” they wrote.However, his DNA indicates that his eyes were most likely blue, the scientists found. This suggests that gene variants for light-colored eyes and skin did not spread together, they wrote, adding that La Braa 1s combination “of dark skin and non-brown eyes is unique and no
19、longer present in contemporary European populations.” Today, a blue-eyed person would usually have fair skin.To get some idea of whether La Braa 1s coloring was unusual for his day, the researchers will try to sequence the DNA of his companion, who has been named La Braa 2.25. Why scientists are int
20、erested in La Braa 1?A. They can know Europeans DNA.B. They can know European hunter-gatherers DNA.C. They can know the ancient agriculture in Europe. D. They can know some of their expectations were correct.26. La Braa 1 was well preserved due to _.A. dry weatherB. a high cave C. proper protectionD
21、. cold conditions27. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. La Braa 1s DNA influenced his appearance.B. La Braa 1s appearance influenced contemporary Europeans. C. La Braa 1s gene variants spread together.D. La Braa 1s genes are completely different from contemporary Europeans.28
22、. The last paragraph suggests that _.A. La Braa 2 has the same genome with La Braa 1B. Blue-eyed people were common in Europe 7,000 years agoC. Braa 1s combination of dark skin and non-brown eyes is uniqueD. Its not certain that La Braas appearance was common at his timeCWhen you think of a forest,
23、what do you see? Just trees? Or do you see many other things, such as small insects, worms, restless squirrels, singing birds, and colorful plants?The forest is a whole world of its own, and it is full of many different living things. However, even though they are all different, they have one thing
24、in common: they all need each other in order to survive.Trees feed the animals of the forest. They make food in their leaves by using sunlight to combine water and minerals (矿物质) absorbed (吸收) from the soil and air. Their network of roots sticks into the soil and helps trees absorb water, making it
25、possible for creature to live in it.The earthworms, who live on the forest floor, also help to keep the soil livable and full of nutrients (营养). Their holes in the ground allow air and water, which bear many minerals, to pass freely through the soil.Insects, who eat the leaves of the trees, are the
26、main food of birds. Feeding on the insects, birds help keep forest life in balance by preventing the insects from overrunning the forest.Squirrels also play their part. They feed on the seeds of the trees, yet they, like the birds, use the branches of the trees for their homes.Human beings are like
27、the living things in the forest. We need one another in order to survive. We rely on farmers to grow food, truck drivers to bring it to local stores, and salesmen to sell it. We need people to prepare and cook food, and others to take garbage away. Then, of course, we need doctors and nurses to take
28、 care of us when we are sick, mail carriers, telephone operators, and newspaper delivery (递送) people to keep us in touch, as well as scientists, engineers and government leaders to improve how we live.We also need each other in another way. We need people to talk over our problems with us, to exchan
29、ge ideas, and just to chat about everyday happenings with us. Think how lonely and unhappy you would be if you lived without the companionship of other people.Life is a matter of give and take. We need to help other people as much as we need other people to help us. Besides, think what a good feelin
30、g you have when you have done something for someone else!29. What can we know from the passage?A. Trees make it possible for living things to live in the forest.B. Earthworms keep the soil wet by producing water.C. Birds prevent insects from eating too many tree leaves.D. Trees can gain nutrients fr
31、om other animals in the forest.30. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The forest is very crowded. B. One tree does not make a forest.C. All living things need one another. D. Humans are like trees.31. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A science book. B. A guidebook. C.
32、 A lesson plan. D. An advertisement.D Autonomous (自动的) cars, self-driving cars, robotic cars, or driverless cars whatever you call them are coming to a showroom（陈列室） near you.It might take a couple of years, but few people at the Geneva Motor Show would disagree that one day science fantasy (幻想) wil
33、l become reality.However, while Google, BMW, Ford and IBM have been working on the technology (技术), less attention has been given to what it means for passengers. The Swiss company, Rinspeed, has tried to show the future with its concept car (概念车), Xchange.“I wanted to put the passenger at the centr
34、e of what is possible, not the autonomous driving technology,” says Rinspeeds founder Frank Rinderknecht. “Travelling in a driverless car will no longer require me to stare at the road, but will let me spend my time in a more meaningful way. You can work, sleep, read, or do whatever activities you m
35、ight do on a train or a plane.“But driverless cars will not mean the death of driving”, Mr Rinderknecht says. There will be times when a driver will want to drive. “Most driving is boring because you are just driving miles and miles. If I go on the motorway from London to Birmingham, its not very jo
36、yful. However, if I go over a mountain road, I want to drive myself and I dont want the machine to do it.”The safety matter will be a big challenge for companies of autonomous cars.Mr Rinderknecht is already thinking beyond this concept car. “There will come a time when we will be travelling in a co
37、ntainer, with no airbags or seatbelts because the chances of an accident will be so small.” But the real challenge may not be technological, but emotional. Convincing people to travel in a driverless car will be difficult.“We know that nine out of ten plane crashes are due to pilots error. But if yo
38、u go to Heathrow Airport and you are required to make a choice between planes with two pilots or with no pilot, I know which one you will trust. It may require a generation before people accept it, but it will happen”, he says.32. When developing its Xchange concept car, Rinspeed has focused on _.A.
39、 ensuring the cars safety B. advancing car-making skillsC. improving passengers riding experienceD. developing autonomous driving technology33. According to Mr Rinderknecht, what will be the real challenge for driverless cars?A. Ensuring their complete safety. B. Persuading people to accept them.C.
40、Making them affordable to the public. D. Setting out relative laws and rules.34. According to Mr Rinderknecht, in the future _.A. driverless cars will be safer B. driverless cars will help save more gasC. driverless cars will be environmentally friendlyD. driving driverless cars will become interest
41、ing35. Whats Mr Rinderknechts attitude towards the future of driverless cars?A. Doubtful. B. Worried. C. Uncertain. D. Confident.第二节（共5 小题，每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。After entering high school, you must wonder how to study well. Here are some good skills for you.1. Go to c
42、lass. If you want to do well at school, going to class is the first step in studying well. If you miss classes, you will miss what the teacher thinks is important. As a result, youll miss what is the most likely to end up on the test. 36._2. Take good notes. Try not to write down everything. 37._ Wr
43、ite down unfamiliar terms. After class, review your notes as soon as possible. You can fill in details that you missed and review the material while it is still fresh on your mind.3. 38._ If you are struggling in class, talk to your teacher. He or she may be able to give you more help before or afte
44、r class. Most teachers have little sympathy（同情）for students who just become worried about failing during the last few weeks of the grading period.4. Take part in class discussions. 39._ Asking questions and having eye contact with your teachers and classmates can increase your participation（参与）and y
45、our focus during the class discussion. If the material is difficult, youd better read it before class. This helps you make your point clear in class.5. Form study group. Get students together who want to do well in class. Make sure that everyone is familiar with the material because you do not want
46、to spend time re-teaching material to people who do not understand it. 40._ Sometimes group sessions（上课时间）can become chatting sessions.A. But be careful!B. Dont be late for your class.C. Talk to your teacher if you need help.D. You should write down all the new terms.E. So if you want to study well,
47、 go to every class.F. All you need is to put down the main points in your own words.G. In order to learn more in class, it is helpful to take part in class discussions.第三部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30分）If you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. But the same prin
48、ciple (原则) also 41 the other way. If you expect good things to happen, they 42 do. There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect 43 between optimism and success.Optimism and pessimism (悲观) are both powerful 44 , and each of us must choose one to shape our attitudes and our expectations. There are eno
49、ugh good and bad things in everyones life sorrow and happiness, joy and pain to find a(n) 45 for either optimism or pessimism. We can 46 to laugh or cry, bless or curse. Its our 47 . From which aspect do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or 48 in despair (绝望)?An optimistic attitude is 49
50、 . The way you 50 life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how 51 you will be with other people. Thoughts, attitudes, and expectations 52 each other. Optimism doesnt need to be naive (天真的). You can be an optimist and still 53 that problems exist and that some of them are not dealt with
51、 54 . But what a difference optimism makes is the attitude of the problem solver.Optimism 55 our attention away from negativism (消极态度) and changes it into positive, constructive 56 . When youre an optimist, youre more concerned with problem-solving than with 57 complaining about problems. 58 , witho
52、ut optimism, problems as big as poverty have no 59 of solution. It takes a dreamer unlimited confidence to 60 a problem that is big. Which attitude you will choose is your choice.41. A. works B. occurs C. starts D. continues42. A. actually B. usually C. uncertainly D. casually43. A. problem B. state
53、 C. relationship D. change44. A. plans B. ways C. experiences D. forces45. A. belief B. conclusion C. reason D. explanation46. A. choose B. continue C. agree D. try47. A. goal B. decision C. turn D. duty48. A. through B. over C. down D. out49. A. possible B. pleasant C. normal D. necessary50. A. loo
54、k around B. deal with C. put up with D . take part in51. A. simple B. acceptable C. good D. busy52. A. affect B. improve C. control D. protect53. A. realize B. imagine C. expect D. determine54. A. strictly B. traditionally C. constantly D. easily55. A. draws B. receives C. removes D. needs56. A. act
55、ivity B. policy C. thinking D. understanding57. A. priceless B. legal C. silent D. useless58. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides59. A. experience B. hope C. difficulty D. skill60. A. research B. consider C. solve D. compare第二节 语法知识填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)在下列句子的空格处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。61.
56、Has she gone to Paris on business or for _ (please)?62. PSAs are often run for free, and are meant _ (educate) people about health, safety, or any other social problem.63. When the salesman said the car was in good condition, I was foolish enough to fall _it.64. We want to shock people into realizin
57、g that many smokers die all too soon from illnesses and diseases _ (relate) to smoking.65. In order for a new sport _ (add), another sport must be dropped.66. When making a speech, it is important to get ones message _ to the audience.67. It must _(rain) last night, for the ground is very wet.68. Th
58、e Kangaroos went home _ (pride) that they had done their best.69. My daughter was delighted _ (choose) president of her class.70. They are sure that they can make _ possible for their model cars to run without electricity.第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35分)第一节 短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
59、增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号()，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词的下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Many of us are familiar to the World Cup, a football competition which is popular among people in almost all nation. Do you know there is another football competition that was we
60、ll known worldwide? Its calling the Super Bowl and is held every January in the USA. It is very different in the football we know. However, the more you know about it, the well you will like it. Each year the Super Bowl is played in different American city. This is of great significant because it he
61、lps make sure that the game is fair. Now the Super Bowl is broadcast on TV all over the world. But if you want to see the Super Bowl lively, you had better to have a lot of money, since the ticket for the game is pretty expensive.第二节 书面表达（满分25分）科学技术的发展给我们的日常生活带来了很大的变化。请你以“Science and technology is c
62、hanging our life greatly”为话题，谈谈你家三代人购物生活的变化，并畅想未来的购物方式。注意：词数120左右。开头已给出。With the development of science and technology, our way of life has been changing all the time. 英语参考答案(二)阅读部分：21-40 ADBBB DADAC ACBAD EFCGA完型填空：41-60 ABCDC ABCDA CAADA CDABC知识填空：61. pleasure 62. to educate 63. for 64. related 65
63、. to be added 66. across 67. have rained 68. proud 69. to have been chosen 70. it短文改错：1. to改为with 2. nation改为nations 3. that was改为that is 4. calling改为called 5. different后面in改为from 6. well改为better 7. 在in和different之间加a 8. significant改为significance 9. lively改为live 10. 去掉had better后面的to书面表达：One possible
64、 version: With the development of science and technology, our way of life has been changing all the time. Many things that we thought would never happen before are now a reality. For example, the way of shopping has changed in many ways. My grandmother told me she usually covered a long distance to
65、a small shop in town to buy her goods. Later, supermarkets opened in our town, so my mother went shopping in a supermarket near my home because it was very convenient.In recent years, online shopping has become popular. Many young people like me prefer to buy what we like sitting in front of the computer because it can save us time and labour.I think, in the future, we may depend on our robot servants to do the shopping as well as the housework. New technology will benefit us a lot and we will enjoy the advantages it brings to us.