1、词汇串串连 (1)1. benefit vt.& vi. 对有益；受益 n. C & U 益处；津贴；义演、善举【地道表达】benefit from / by 从中获益unemployment benefits 失业救济金illness benefit患病津贴a benefit concert for the Childrens Hospital为筹建儿童医院举行的义演音乐会I benefit greatly from / by my fathers advice. 我从父亲的忠告中获益很多。This medicine will benefit you.这种药对你有好处。I got a lot
2、 of benefit from learning a foreign language. 从学习外语中，我受益匪浅。She had the benefit of a first-class education. 她得益于良好的教育。2. take advantage of 对加以利用（其后接人时，表示不公正地对待某人，尤指利用某人的处境、弱点等以达到自己的目的，也可译为“欺骗；占的便宜”）【地道表达】He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk. 他趁着天气好, 出去散散步。He has always been taking a
3、dvantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。【近义链接】use sth to do sth （利）用某物做某事；make use of 利用 （尤其是利用已经存在的情形来为自己获取优势）make the most of 充分利用play on 利用（某人的恐惧/贪心/同情心/偏见等为自己获取优势）3. relative adj. 比较而言的，比较的；相对的；与有关的(其后多接to)【地道表达】Relative to its size, the city is sparsely populated. 相对于它的面积,这座城市人口极为稀少。He asked me some questions
4、 relative to the subject. 他问了我一些有关这个题目的问题。She is living in relative poverty. 她过着较为贫困的生活【触类旁通】relatively adv. 相比较而言地。例如：Relatively speaking, he is getting well. 相对而言，他在慢慢地好起来。It is relatively cold today. 今天比较冷。relative n. 亲戚，亲属 例如：My aunt is my only immediate relative. 我姑母是我唯一的至亲。relativity n. 相关性；相对
5、性；【物】相对论 4. pure adj. 纯的，纯净的；纯洁的；纯粹的；纯正的；完全的，十足的【地道表达】pure cold / silver纯金 / 银pure science / math 纯科学 / 数学pure drinking water纯净的饮用水a pure young girl一位纯洁的姑娘100% pure百分之百地纯by pure chance / luck / coincidence完全是碰巧 / 纯属运气/巧合pure and simple完全是The sweater is made of pure wool / silk / cotton.这件运动衫是纯毛/丝/棉制
6、的。5. float vi.& vt.（使）漂浮【触类旁通】floating adj. 不固定的a floating population 流动人口floating exchange rates 浮动汇率floating voter 游离选民6. absorb vt. 吸收；理解、掌握【地道表达】Black cloth absorbs light. 黑布吸光。The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜容易被皮肤吸收。be absorbed in sth 全神贯注于。例如：I was absorbed in a book and didnt
7、hear you call. 我（当时）正专心地读一本书，没有听见你叫我。 be absorbed into sth被并入；（被）融入。We were soon absorbed into local village life. 我们很快就融入到当地的乡村生活中了absorbing 非常吸引人的；引人入胜的an absorbing book一本很吸引人的书 7. stable adj. 稳定的；稳固的；稳重的【地道表达】The ladder doesnt seem very stable. 这架梯子好像不太稳。The patients condition is stable. 患者病情稳定。a
8、 stable character稳重的性格【触类旁通】stably adv. 稳定地;稳固地;平稳地stability n. 稳定性stabilize v. 使稳定stable n. 马厩；养马厂；(属于同一主人或驯马师的)一群赛马stable vt. 把拴入马厩词汇串串连 (2)1. fiction U 小说 C 虚构的事【触类旁通】fiction 小说 (不可数) novel 中长篇小说（可数）short story 短篇小说 2. league C 里格（旧时长度单位）；联盟；联合会，社团【触类旁通】League of Nations 国际联盟Baseball League 棒球联合会
9、the Arab League 阿拉伯联盟3. apply vt. 应用；运用；vi. 申请；请求【地道表达】apply for a job / post / passport 申请工作 / 职位 / 护照apply to a university 向大学提出入学申请The rules of safe driving apply to everyone. 安全驾驶条例适用于每个人。【触类旁通】application n. 申请application form 申请表applied art 实用美术applicable adj.适用的；合适的applicant n. 申请人4. make a l
10、iving 谋生【触类旁通】earn / gain / get / make ones living 谋生make a living by doing sth. 靠为生make a living on sth. 以为生5. collision n.（车、船的）碰撞；（利益，意见的）冲突【地道表达】collision at sea 海上碰撞a collision between two trains 两列火车相撞come into collision with 和相撞 / 冲突 / 抵触 in collision with 和相撞/冲突6. overboard adv.自船上落下，在船外【地道表
11、达】throw sb. / sth. overboard丢在船外/丢在水中；抛弃；扔掉fall overboard 从船上落入、跳入水中；A man overboard! 有人落水！go overboard for / about沉迷于；狂热地追求7. permanent adj. 永久的，不变的，耐久的；常设的，常任的【触类旁通】temporary 反义 everlasting 同义【地道表达】permanent / temporary staff 正式（临时）职员permanent address 固定地址permanent tooth 恒齿permanent assets 固定资产a p
12、ermanent job 固定工作a permanent office 常驻办事处8. aboard adv. 在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）; prep.在（船、飞机、车）上【地道表达】take these goods aboard带这些货物上车go aboard the ship上船the people aboard the plane 乘坐飞机的人All aboard! 请大家上车（或船等）！Welcome aboard! 欢迎乘坐！9. marble U 大理石；大理石制品 C 玻璃球【地道表达】of marble大理石的made of marble大理石做/制的marble
13、-hearted 无情的as cold as marble 冷如冰a marble statue 大理石雕像 lose ones marbles 失去理智10. labor U 劳动；劳力；努力；vi. 努力；苦干【地道表达】eight-hour labor 八小时工作hard labor 辛苦劳动manual labor 体力劳动labor cost 劳动成本labor camp 劳改cheap labor 廉价劳动力International Labor Day 国际劳动节Labor Party 工党labor for a better future为更加美好的未来而努力labor to
14、do 努力去做labor the point 细说；罗嗦地说labor under sth. 为所蒙蔽11. hesitate vi. 踌躇；迟疑；犹豫【地道表达】hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做hesitate about / over / at (doing )sth. 对犹豫He who hesitates is lost. 当断不断，必受其患。In case you need something, please dont hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么东西，请尽管对我说。She is still hesitating about sending h
15、er son to college. 她对于要不要送儿子进大学一事仍然犹豫不决。She hesitated over the choice between the two blouses for her daughter. 她拿不定主意应该挑这两件短衫中的哪一件给她女儿。12. curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；（舞台上的）幕【地道表达】curtain call 谢幕behind the curtain 在幕后 / 秘密drop the curtain 闭幕/演出终止(itll) be curtains for sb. / sth. 完蛋bring down the curtain on st
16、h. 结束；标志的终结The curtain falls. 闭幕。The curtain rises. 幕启词汇串串连 (3)1. solar adj. 太阳的；日光的 (lunar 月亮的) 【触类旁通】a solar spot 太阳黑子solar battery 太阳能电池solar energy 太阳能solar eclipse 日食lunar eclipse 月食the solar calendar 阳历the lunar calendar 阴历the solar year 阳历年the lunar year 阴历年2mankind U 人类（总称，不可数）【触类旁通】man 人类（总
17、称，不可数）a human being(human beings) 人类(可数) people 人们(集合名词)3daily adj. 每日的 adv. 每天 C 日报【触类旁通】weeklyadj. 每周的 adv. 每周 C 周报、周刊 monthly adj. 每月的 adv. 每月 C 月刊4. achieve vt. 实现；完成【地道表达】achieve goals 实现目标achieve ones purpose 达到目的achieve success 获得成功achieve victory 取得胜利achieve modernization 实现现代化academic achie
18、vements学业成绩；学术成就5. technological adj. 技术（学）的；工艺（学）的【触类旁通】technology n. 科学技术，工业技术technical adj. 技术的，技术上的technically adv. 专门地；技术上地technician C 专家；技术人员technique U 技巧，技艺technologist C 科学技术人员6. master C 硕士；（男）主人；能手Master of Arts / Sciences 文学（理学）硕士obey ones master听主人的话【触类旁通】masterful adj. 专横的，控制别人的master
19、fully adv. 专横地masterly adj. 熟练的；名家的mastermind C 有大才智的人masterhand n. 能手；高超的技艺masterpiece C 名作；杰出的事mastership U 控制，支配7. rely vi. 依赖；依靠；指望【触类旁通】reliable adj.可靠的reliably adv. 可靠地reliability U 可靠性【地道表达】rely on / upon sth. / sb. 信赖某人或某事You may not rely on the weather report.天气预报不足为信。You can rely on him.你可
20、以信任他。rely on sb. doing / to do 指望或依赖某人做某事I rely on her to pay back the money(= I rely on her paying back the money).我相信她会还钱。rely on it that . 放心You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.你放心好了，他会来接你的。8. element C 元素；要素；组成部分【地道表达】the periodic table of the elements 元素周期表chief elements of success
21、 成功的主要要素out of ones element 如鱼离水，不得其所in ones element 在如意的环境中，如鱼得水 【触类旁通】elementary adj. 基础的，初级的 elementary school 小学(= primary school)9. economic adj. 经济上的；有利可图的【触类旁通】economy n. 经济economics n. 经济学economist adj. 经济学家 economical adj. 省钱的，经济的，节约的 【地道表达】The government began to introduce its economic pol
22、icy.政府开始推行它的经济政策。He left school for economic reason. 他因经济问题而辍学。She is economical with her use of salt when cooking.做饭时她用盐很节省10. base C基础，底座，基地，根据地vt. 把建立在，以为基础adj.卑鄙的，恶劣的【触类旁通】basis n. （理论，信念的）依据或基础bases base与basis的复数 basic adj. 基本的 basics n. 基本原理baseless adj. 毫无根据的basically adv. 基本上（说来），从根本上词以“群”分
23、(1)“用法”各异used to; be used to; get used to1. Computers _ do many things for people now.2. She _ work in a small factory before she came here. 3. The boss is glad that the new workers _ hard work now.4. He asked if I _ driving on the left while I was traveling in England. 5. They _ play golf, didnt th
24、ey？Key: 1. are used to 2. used to 3. are / get used to 4. was / got used to 5. used to解析:used to意为“过去常常”,后接动词原形；常用来表示今昔对比，暗含不那样做了（如2和5）。be used to接动词原形， 表示“被用来做某事”（如1）;而be / get used to后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，表示“习惯于;适应”（如3和4）。“能力”有别ability; capacity; potential 1. The health center serves all patients, rega
25、rdless of their _ to pay. 2. One of their children has the _ to be a brilliant scientist.3. The children were born without the _ to walk. 4. Children have a remarkable _ to learn language.5. The company has the _ to build 1,500 trucks a year.6. My son has acting _, but he needs a lot of training. 7.
26、 The hall has a seating _ of 2, 000 persons.Key: 1. ability 2. potential 3. ability 4. capacity / ability 5. capacity 6. potential 7. capacity解析:ability既指天赋的“能力”(如3)，也指培养造就而获得的“本领；才能”或已经表现出来的实际“能力”(如1和4)。capacity 用于物时，指“（容纳接受的）能力”（如7）;生产能力（如5），有时可翻译为“容量;容积”；用于人时，一般不指体力，多指才智、道德等方面，尤其指接受能力等（如4）。potent
27、ial表示“潜在的能力;可能性”（如2和6）。词以“群”分 (2)refuse; reject 1. Judge Gifford _ the defenses request.2. All apples with soft spots _, even in the Christmas Rush.3. The horse _ the apple.4. Gibson _ the idea as “absurd”.5. How can he _ to obey the order as a soldier? 6. Tom _ by the army because of his bad eyesig
28、ht.7. Under the law, doctors cannot _ patients access to their own medical records. 8. My brother asked her to marry him, but she _. Key: 1. rejected / refused 2. were rejected 3. refused / rejected 4. rejected 5. refuse6. was rejected 7. refuse 8. refuse解析：两者都作“拒绝”讲，指不去做别人要求你做的事或不接受别人提供的某物（如1和3）。但r
29、efuse更常接表示“邀请、许可”等意义的词；且既可作不及物动词(如8)，也可作及物动词，并可接双宾语（如7）或接to do sth.（如5）；而reject常作及物动词，并且态度上更坚定、更具权威性、更正式（如1）；更常接表示“建议、提议、报价、理论”等意义的词（如4）；还可表示“（在就业、入学等方面）拒绝、不选中（某人）”（如6）或“因无用或不好而丢弃（产品）”（如2）。allow; allow for 1. We do not _ eating in the classroom.2. It will take you half an hour to get to the station,
30、 _ traffic delays. 3. Passengers _ one item of hand luggage each.4. _ this train being late, we should be back by 10:30.5. Sometimes a loophole （漏洞） in the law _ someone to escape being punished.6. Our new system will _ more efficient use of resources.7. Even if they are in prison, they _ out on Sun
31、days, or holidays such as Christmas, Easter.Key: 1. allow 2. allowing for3. are allowed 4. Allowing for5. allows6. allow for 7. are allowed解析：allow意为“允许；准许；准进入”，常后接名词或动词-ing形式(如1)，也可接双宾语（如3）或带不定式或副词短语的复合宾语(如5和7)；allow for意为“考虑到；顾及；为留出余地”，介词for后接名词（如2和6）或带动词-ing形式的复合宾语（如4）。词以“群”分 (3)“销售”的策略on sale; f
32、or sale 1. The latest model of this video recorder is now _ in that shop. 2. How much is that picture? Its only on display. Its not _. 3. This kind of car wont go _ until next year. 4. The Browns are leaving the town, so their house is _. 5. Thirty dollars? Is it _? Yes. It is usually forty-five dol
33、lars.Key: 1. on sale 2. for sale 3. on sale 4. for sale 5. on sale 解析：on sale意为“（尤其指在商店里有货）出售、上市”，指货物的上市情况（如1和3）；在美国英语中，表示“减价出售”（如5）。for sale意为“待售；要出售(尤其指私人物主或代理人出售物品)”（如2和4）。怎样“轮流”by turns; in turn 1. She went hot and cold _. 2. The President spoke to each of us at the table _.3. Working outside ca
34、n mean too much sun exposure, which _ can lead to skin cancer.4. She had been _ confused, angry, and finally jealous.Key: 1. by turns 2. in turn 3. in turn 4. by turns解析：by turns意为“交替地；轮流地”，强调某一个时期内反复发生或从一种品质、情感等转向另一种（如1和4）。in turn意为“轮流地；依次；逐个地；一个接一个地；接连地”，强调按一定顺序进行（如2）；也可作“转而；反过来”解，强调某种结果（如3）。何以为“生
35、”live by; live on 1. The old man _ collecting waste paper and selling it abroad. 2. Our family _ the earnings of my elder brother. 3. He used to _ cheating others. 4. Some of them _ the South Sea. 5. In the south, people _ rice in the past. Key: 1. lives by 2. live on 3. live by 4. live by 5. lived
36、on解析：live by表示“靠过活；靠做为生”, 后多接动词-ing形式。by表示方式（如1和3）；也可表示“住在旁边”（如4）。live on表示“靠生活；以为食”，一般后接食物、劳动所得到的东西、工资等名词（如2和5）。词以“群”分 (4)与时俱进看“速度”rate; pace; speed 1. You are thinking much too fast for me; I cant keep _ with you. 2. The train was going at a _ of 80 kph.3. Australias unemployment _ rose to 6.5% in
37、 February.4. Here in Bermuda, the _ of life is very slow. 5. The room _ at this motel range from $30 to $50 per day.6. The company produces the first-_ sportscar.Key: 1. pace 2. speed / rate 3. rate 4. pace 5. rates 6. rate解析：speed 多指持续运动时的速度（多是用时间除距离求得），尤指车辆、机械等的运动速度（如2）。rate 除可表示速度外（如2），还可表示成本、价格（
38、如5）；或“的比率”（如3）；有时表示等级类别（如6）。pace 多指“人或马匹的步速，（跑步的）速度;（事情发生的）节奏”（如4）；也可用于比喻中（如1）。各有“看”点look into; look on; look at1. The police are _ the disappearance of two children at the moment.2. Only one man tried to help us, and the rest just _ in silence.3. This subject _ the man-made living environment and i
39、ts influence. 4. Hicks finished a beer and _ his glass.5. The research _ how immune cells get into the brain from blood.6. The manager promised _ my complaint.Key: 1. looking into 2. looked on 3. looks at 4. looked into 5. looks at 6. to look into解析：look into 意为“调查；观察”，其目的是弄清真相，以便解决问题或能加以改善（如1和6）；也表
40、示“朝的里面看”（如4）。look on 意为“（袖手）旁观”，不参与也不阻止（如2）。look at可意为“观察；关注”，其目的是找出规律，主语可是某学科、研究等（如3和5）。讲“道”理avenue; street; road; way; pathavenue指令人愉快，美观气派的通往大住宅的大道，一般两旁绿树成荫。例如：That is Madison Avenue.那就是麦迪逊大道。street指位于城镇或都市内，两旁有人行道和房子的公共通道。例如:Dont play in the street.别在马路上玩耍。road意为“路；道路”，指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道，常指“公路；马路”
41、等，两侧一般没有建筑物。例如：The car is running along the road 汽车沿着这条路行驶。way意为“路线；道路”，指street，road或任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way。way还可指路程距离。例如：How can I get there? I dont know the way 我怎样能到达那里？我不认识路。I asked the way to the station我打听去车站的路。path通常指“小路；小径”，只供人行走的路，可以是人们踩踏而成的路，如山中、林间的羊肠小道；也可以指公园、田间的小路，还可以指物体运动经过的轨迹等。例如：T
42、hey walked along the path across the field 他们沿着穿越田野的路走去。学以致用:1. A wide road lined with trees is usually called a(n) _.2. Be careful when you cross the _.3. There was a narrow _ through the forest.4. All _ lead to Rome.5. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it isB. What a long way is itC. How l
43、ong way is itD. What a long way it isKey: 1. avenue 2. street / road 3. path 4. roads 5. D自如的“伸展”stretch; extend; expand; spreadstretch表示“伸（手）;撑”，由曲而直或由短而长地伸展。例如:I stretched out my hand towards the book. 我把手伸向这本书。extend原意为直线地“伸展”，引申为“扩展（势力，范围）”等。例如:The railway will be extended next year. 明年将要延长这条铁路。
44、expand表示“扩大；扩张”，指面积或体积的扩张。例如:Metals expand when heated. 金属遇热膨胀。spread表示“铺开；展开；伸展；延伸”等。例如:she spread the clothes to dry. 她把衣服展开晾干。学以致用:1. The road _ for miles and miles.2. Our land _ as far as the river.3. He _ out his hand in a friendly manner.4. The city has _ to three times its original size.5. He
45、 _ a blanket on the bed.Key: 1. extends 2. extends 3. stretched 4. expanded 5. spread怎样才“合适”？fit; fit in 1. The boy is growing so fast that his clothes dont _ him. 2. Can you _ another person in the back seat?3. I couldnt find a key which _ the lock and couldnt open the door. 4. I need to _ a lock o
46、n the bathroom door.5. I wasnt sure if she would _ with my friends.6. We must try and _ a visit to Westminster Abbey while were in London. Key: 1. fit 2. fit in 3. fitted 4. fit 5. fit in 6. fit in解析： fit 常指“（衣服/鞋帽等）合身/脚”（如1）或“（物体）合槽；吻合”（如3）；也可表示“安装”（如4，可根据实际情况接on, with等构成介词短语）。 fit in表示“尽量地安排时间见某人或
47、做某事”（如6）；也可表示“（设法）插人；挤进”（如2）；还可接with sb.表示“与某人和睦相处”（如5）。词以“群”分 (5)分” 而论之separate; divide 1. The lighthouse _ from the land by a wide channel.2. The money will _ equally among the club members.3. _ this line into 20 equal parts.4. After this they go their _ ways.5. Sarah and John _ a year after they
48、got married.6. Whats six _ by three? Two, of course. 7. She find it difficult to _ the truth from lies.Key: 1. is separated2. be divided3. Divide 4. separate5. separated6. divided 7. separate解析： separate多指把原来连在一起的或靠近的事物“分隔；隔开”（如1）；也表示“把区分开”（如7）；还可指“分手；分散；分离”（如5）。另外，separate还可用作形容词，表示“分离的；分开的；单独的；各自的
49、”（如4）。 divide指把整体“划分”成若干份，常接into (如3)；也可表示“分配；分享”，可接among, between, with等（如2）;还表示“（数学）除”，常接by (如6)。自己的”选择for oneself; by oneself; of oneself 1. You should think _ instead of just obeying others. 2. The box is too heavy for me to lift _.3. The door opened _. You neednt push or pull it. 4. One should
50、not live only _. 5. All her relatives have died off. Now she lives _ in the countryside. 6. He could not believe his ears. He opened the window to see _. Key: 1. for yourself2. by myself3. of itself 4. for oneself5. by herself6. for himself解析： for oneself 意为“独立地”，常与think连用表示“独立思考，自行决定”（如1）；也可表示“亲自地”
51、（如6）；还可表示“为自己（本人好处）”（如4）。 by oneself意为“单独地；独自地”，强调无他人陪伴（如5）或无帮助（如2)。 of oneself 意为“自动地”（如3）。词以“群”分(6)掌握”or“领会”？master; grasp 1. I never quite _ the art of walking in high heels.2. I _ his arm firmly and led him away.3. He had learned to _ his fear of heights.4. A short opening paragraph enables the
52、reader to quickly _ what the article is about.5. She is ready to _ any opportunity to expand the business.Key:1. mastered 2. grasped 3. master 4. grasp 5. grasp解析： grasp可表示“抓牢；抓紧”（如2）；也可表示“理解；领会；明白（尤其有些复杂的事情的实质）”（如4）；还可表示“抓住（机会、机遇等）”（如5）。 master用作动词，意为“精通；掌握”，多指在学习后没有困难地运用某技术、技巧、语言等（如1）；也可表示“克制、控制住（
53、情感、情绪）”（如3）。“可能的”选择likely; possible 1. It is _ that the girl knew her killer.2. The price of petrol is _ to rise again this year.3. Computer technology makes it _ for many people to work at home.4. I need the money as soon as _.Key: 1. likely / possible 2. likely 3. possible 4. possible解析： 两者都作前置定语或
54、常用于“It is likely / possible that .”结构中（如1，只是 likely的可能性更大些）。 likely更常用sb. / sth. be likely to do (如2)； possible更常用“it is possible for sb. to do sth. 结构”（如3，为变形式，it作形式宾语）或as . as后（如4）。词以“群”分(7)“自”“私”的真面目private; personal 1. _ hospitals can afford to pay much higher salaries than state-run hospitals.2
55、. Dont tell anyone else what I told you. Its _.3. He enjoys everything he does in both his professional and his _ life.4. My _ view is that we shouldnt offer him the job.Key: 1. Private 2. private 3. private / personal 4. personal解析： private意为“私立的；私有的”，位于名词前，指与政府无关的或非国营的（如1）；也表示“秘密的；非公开的；私下的”（如2）；两者
56、都可表示“个人的；私人的”（如3）, 有时personal更强调某个人而非他人的（如4），且多位于名词前。“目标”要明确aim . at; aim at; shoot at1. He _ the gun _ the door.2. This anti-smoking campaign _ mainly _ young teenagers.3. The hunter _ the lion and fired.4. We are _ doubling our production.5. Two guys walked in and started _ people. Luckily only on
57、e was slightly wounded. Key: 1. aimed; at 2. is; aimed at 3. aimed at 4. aiming at / shooting at 5. shooting at解析： aim . at表示“把瞄准”（如1），并常用于被动结构或过去分词短语，表示“致力于；将针对”（如2）。aim at表示“瞄准；对准”（如3）或“力求做到”（如4）。shoot at 表示“向射击；开火”（如5）；有时也可表示“力争达到（目的）”（如4）。推进“forward”put forward; put . forward; carry . forward 1.
58、 They _ a number of suggestions at the meeting. 2. Her name _ for the lead role in the play. 3. It will be up to the new team now to _ the work _. 4. The warm weather _ the harvest _ this year. Key: 1. put forward 2. is / was put forward 3. carry; forward 4. has put; forward解析： put forward表示“提议；提出（供
59、考虑）”（如1和2）。 put . forward表示“把提前”(如4)。 carry . forward 表示“继承下去”（如3）。词以“群”分(8)狠抓“基础”base; basis; foundation 1. The _ of the thumb is where it joins the hand. 2. He has his commercial _ in Manchester.3. The farmers form the _ of a nation. 4. The Army will have their military _ built here. 5. The _ of h
60、is argument was nonsense. 6. It took the builders three weeks to lay the _. Key: 1. base 2. base 3. basis / base / foundation 4. foundation 5. basis 6. foundation / basis解析： base 一般指具体有形的事物的“基座；底部”（如1），也可指事物发展的“起点；中心；基地”（如2和3）。 basis 多用于抽象事物或比喻中，意为“基础；依据；根据”（如5）；三者都可作“基础”解（如3），但foundation 更强调牢固稳定（如4
61、）；且也可指具体的“房基、坝基等”（如6）。“标”新立异mark; sign; signal; symbol1. Well, there is no _ of rain at all. It is going to be another sunny day.2. Blue is often the _ of peace.3. While reading, make a _ where you have any difficulty.4. The flashing light was a _ that a train was coming.5. A common traffic _ reads
62、“dangerous corner”.6. Did the policeman gave us the _ to go ahead?7+ is the _ for addition.Key: 1. sign 2. symbol 3. mark 4. signal 5. sign 6. sign / signal 7. sign / symbol解析： sign作为名词意为“符号，标记，迹象，征兆，标志,标牌,手势”等（如1，5，6和7）;作为动词意为“签字；作手势”。 signal 作为名词意为“信号，手势，提示”（如4和6）;作为动词意为 “给信号，打手势”。 symbol意为“符号；象征”
63、（如2和7）。 mark常用为“记号，印记，分数”等意（如3）。词以“群”分(9)形相似 意不同I. board; aboard; on board ; overboard; abroad; broad 1. Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to _.2. There are 12 children _ the ship.3. Olympic Airways Flight 172 to Istanbul is now _ at Gate No. 37.4. They finally went _ the plane.5. The ro
64、om is three meters long and two meters _.6. The plane crashed, killing all 200 people _.7. One of the passengers fell _ and drowned.8. He was famous, both at home and _.9. Then we heard the loudspeaker announcing, “All _, please!” 10. Shes gone _ about her new boyfriend. 11. The news spread _ that a
65、 new factory was going to be built in the county. Key: 1. board 2. on board / aboard 3. boarding 4. aboard / on board 5. broad 6. aboard / on board 7. overboard 8. abroad 9. aboard 10. overboard 11. abroad解析：board为动词，意为“上(船、车、飞机等)”（如1）; 其主语也可为飞机、船等，作不及物动词，常用进行时，表示“（飞机、船等）在上人”（如3）。on board 为“介词+名词”短语
66、，表示“在船(飞机、车)上；上船(飞机、车)”（如2、4和6）。aboard 相当于on board，既可用作介词（如2和4）也可作副词（如6）；还常作机场、码头等的用语（如9及Welcome aboard!）。abroad 为副词, 意为“在国外；到国外”（如8）；也可表示 “传开；散开”（如11）。broad 多为形容词，意为“宽的”（如5）。overboard为副词，意为“在船外；自船上落下”（如7）；go overboard for / about表示“沉迷于/狂热地追求”（如10）。II. wonder about; wander about; wonder at 1. What t
67、hey said sounded so good. I really _ their honesty as well as their real aims.2. Her husband lost his job three weeks ago, and he _ ever since, which really worries her.3. The country boy _ all the high buildings in the city. Key: 1. wonder about 2. has wandered ( has been wandering) about 3. wonder
68、ed at解析： wonder about表示“对感到疑惑”，后接代词或名词性短语（如1）。wonder at 表示“对感到惊奇”，后接代词或名词性短语（如3）。wander about 意为“（四处）漫游、闲逛；流浪；徘徊”（如2）。统领set短语 set out; set about；set off; set up1. Theyve _ on a journey and wont be back until next weekend.2. Liu Xiang is working hard to _ a new record in the 110 meters hurdles.3. Wit
69、hout any experience, she had no idea how to _ this job.4. The government has decided to _ a memorial in honor of the hero.5. The young worker found a lot of shortcomings in himself and he _ getting rid of them.6. When everything is ready, the doctor _ to perform the operation. Key: 1. set out / off
70、2. set up 3. set about 4. set up 5. set about 6. set out解析：set out和 set about两者都可作“开始”解，set about常后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式（如3和5）；set out为不及物动词，常接不定式（如6），或单独使用，作 “出发；动身”解，相当于set off（如1）。set up有“建立（如4）；创记录（如2）”等意思。词以“群”分(9)快刀“斩”乱麻cut up; cut down; cut in; cut out; cut off 1. He _ the tree outside the window w
71、ith an axe to let more light in.2. She _ the vegetables into small pieces before she gives them to the young geese. 3. We cant _ our expenses any more.4. Sorry for _, but I have some news for you.5. Its been raining these days and the floods have _ the traffic.6. Pictures from these magazines can be
72、 _ , and used as teaching aids.Key: 1. cut down 2. cuts up 3. cut down 4. cutting in 5. cut off 6. cut out解析：cut up 意为“切碎”（如2和6）。cut down 意为“砍倒；砍伐”（如1）或“减少的量”（如3）。cut in意为“中断，打断”（如4）。cut off意为“切断”（如5）。cut out意为“剪下来”（如6）。“旅途”一路顺风trip; journey; tour; voyage；travel 1. It was a long _ to St. Petersbury.
73、2. We went on a bus _ last weekend and had a bad time. 3. We will have a comfortable _ to the Far East through air. 4. Our American friends made a _ of Shanghai and visited many places of interest there.5. With the finest ship and fine weather, they had a wonderful time in the greater part of the _.
74、 6. Rail _ in Britain seems to be getting more and more unreliable. Key: 1. journey / trip 2. trip 3. voyage 4. tour 5. voyage 6. travel解析： journey一般指时间和距离都较长的陆路旅行，不含有回到原出发地的意思（如1）。trip常指短距离的旅行，常回到原出发地，不强调旅行的方式或目的（如2），在美国英语中有时也可代替journey表示长途旅行（如1）。tour指“周游；巡回旅游”，常常是访问一系列地方后又回到原出发地，常跟介词of +目的地（如4）。tr
75、avel一般指“旅行”活动的概念、形式或方式（如6），一般为不可数名词。voyage指不论路程长短的水上或空中的“游历；旅行”（如3和5）。词以“群”分(10)独”“特”的视角unique; special1. Today is a very _ day for us it was on this day 50 years ago that we first met.2. Each persons fingerprints are _. 3. United Airlines is offering a _ deal on flights to London.4. It was a _ achi
76、evement none has ever won the championship five times before.5. The journey provides a _ opportunity to study these rare creatures.Key: 1. special 2. unique 3. special 4. unique 5. unique / special解析： unique意为“独特的；唯一的；独一无二的”，即一类中没有同样的（如2）；也可表示“非常好的；难得的”（如4和5）。 special 意为“特别的；不同寻常的；专门的”，指因更好或更重要而不同于其
77、他的（如1和5）或专为某个目的而设立的（如3）。同中有异thus; so1. They told her to water the flowers every morning, and she did it _.2. He didnt work hard. _ he was fired.3. The Altru Hospital Auxiliary has made the largest contribution _ far.4. The machine works twice faster, _ greatly reducing the cost.5. He lowered his voi
78、ce _ his parents would not hear him.Key: 1. thus 2. Thus 3. so / thus 4. thus 5. so解析： thus和so有如下共同含义：. 因此；从而 2. “如此；这样”或“到如此程度”（如1和3）。一般来说，thus较正式，so更口语化。 thus的特殊之处在于常另起一句（如2）或引起v-ing短语作结果状语以示强调（如4）。 so可引导目的状语从句（如5），为so that的省略形式。call短语精义探微call in; call on; call up1. The boy is badly hurt. Please _
79、 a doctor at once. 2. Many of the young people _ and died in that battle3. A Japanese car maker _ some cars with engine faults so far.4. I _ the best man to say something at the wedding. 5. The song _ memories of my childhood. 6. We _ our parents who live in the countryside last weekend. Key: 1. cal
80、l in 2. were called up 3. has called in 4. called on 5. calls / called up 6. called on解析： call in 表示“请来（主要目的是来帮助）”（如1），也作“收回（在流通、使用中的）”讲（如3）。 call on表示“拜访（某人）”（如6），call on sb. to do sth.则表示“要求/号召某人做某事”（如4）。 call up表示“使想起（往事）”（如5），还可表示“征召入役”（如2）。词以“群”分(11)特别的“特性”property; characteristic; feature1. Bi
81、tterness is a _ of tea.2. This little town has all the _ of a typical seaside resort.3. Soap has the _ of removing dirt4. An aquiline（象鹰的）nose is his best _.5. A useful _ of the cat is its ability to see in the dark. 6. What are the main _ of North Africa according to this map? Key: 1. property 2. c
82、haracteristics 3. property 4. feature 5. characteristic 6. features解析： property意为“性质；性能”，指同一类型事物所共有的特点，具有典型的意义。一般不用于人，多用来指某物质的特性，也用于指事物的功能(如1和3)。 characteristic意为“特性；特征”，是对事物客观的记载，不予褒贬。所指特点既可是同类事物中具有典型意义的（如2和5），也可是完全属于个体或个人的，并常指外表的明显的独特性。 feature意为“特点；特色”，指某人、某物突出、引人注目的特点，常用来说明人的容貌特征（如4）或地貌、地理特征（如6）
83、。“给出”的区别give off; give out; give away1. The eggs were _ a bad smell. Nobody wanted to eat them. 2. The radio is _ a strange sound. 3. She _ all her money to the poor.4. The engine always _ a lot of heat.5. The monitor often helps the teacher _ the exam papers. 6. She made me promise not to _ the sec
84、ret. 7. They _ on the radio that the president had died. Key: 1. giving off / giving out 2. giving out 3. gave away 4. gives off / gives out 5. give out 6. give away 7. gave out解析： give off 多表示“发出（气味、热、光等 ）”(如1和4）。 give out 除具有上述含义外, 也可表示“发出（声音）”（如2）；“分发”(如5)； 还可表示“宣布”（如7）。 give away表示“分送；捐赠”（如3）,也可
85、作“泄露（秘密等）”讲 (如6）。学好“物”理substance; matter; material1. Ice and water are the same _ in different forms. 2. Can you explain the relation between _ and spirit？3. Coal is a black _.4. _ and energy are interchangeable. 5. The _ of the plan is good. 6. Rubber is a widely-used _. Key: 1. substance 2. matter / material 3. substance 4. Matter5. substance 6. material解析： substance 意为“物质；物品；实质”，多用作可数名词，强调构成任何一个具体事物（即可触及、可看见的事物）的本质与核心的东西（如1和3）；用于抽象事物时，则指其主旨内容（如5）。 matter 意为“物质”，指与精神相对立而存在着的物质（如2和4），是一个总体的概念，为不可数名词。 material 意为“材料；原料；物质”，主要指构成其他物品的材料，强调其使用价值（如6）。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m