1、英汉基本词语差异与NMET短文改错技巧 1. Wrong: Weather is very hot. 天气很热. Right: The weather is very hot. 2. Wrong: We went to Shanghai next week. 我们在随后的礼拜去了上海. Right: We went to Shanghai the next week. 3. Wrong: Those books I bought yesterday are on the desk. 我昨天买的那些书在桌子上. Right: The books I bought yesterday are on
2、 the desk. 4. Wrong: Chinese are a hard-working people. 中国人是勤劳的民族. Right: The Chinese are a hard-working people. 5. Wrong: He stayed away from school because he had cold. 他感冒了. Right: He stayed awway from school because he had a cold. 6. Wrong: He lives near school. 他住在学校附近. Right: He lives near the
3、 school. 差异(1) 冠词是英语句子里的一个重要部分. 由于汉语中没有和英语 冠词相对应的词, 中国学生在使用应英语冠词时, 就会感到困难. 差异(2) and 连接(代)名词可以译成跟, 但连接其他词或句子等时, 汉语译文要省略and. 这一差异造成中国学生英译或使用英语时经常写出病 句. 差异(3) 在英语比较时, 常用that of 代替气候, 以避免重复, 即要 把两样相比的东西对称地说出, 而汉语却可以省略气候. 11. Wrong: I went to town, bought some dictionaries. 我到城里买了几部字典. Right: I went to
4、town and bought some dictionaries. 12. Wrong: The teacher asked me a question, I couldnt answer it. 老师问了我一个问题, 我不会回答. Right: The teacher asked me a question, and I couldnt answer it. 13. Wrong: The climate of Beijing is colder than Shanghai. 北京天气比上海冷. Right: The climate of Beijing is colder than tha
5、t of Shanghai. 19. Wrong: He insisted seeing me home. 他坚持要送我回家. Right: He insisted on seeing me home. 20. Wrong: Someone is knocking the door. 有人敲门. Right: Someone is knocking at the door. 21. Wrong: Dont read under the sun. 不要在阳光下读书. Right: Dont read in the sun. 差异(4) 以上错误的形成受以下因素的影响: (1) 忽视英语介词远比汉
6、语介词活跃这一特性. (2) 忽视动词及物与不及物的变化. 22. Wrong: I wish you happy. 我祝你幸福. Right: I wish you happiness. 23. Wrong: He married with Joan. 他和琼结了婚. Right: He married Joan. Wrong: He is married with Joan. Right: He is married to Joan. -Marry为及物动词. 常用被动语态形式表状态, 可与表一般时间的状态并用. 公式1: A marry B = B marry A 公式2. A be/g
7、et + married + to + B 24. Wrong: It is a week since the holidays begin. 休假以来已有一周了. Right: It is a week since the holidays began. 差异(5) 中国学生在遇到英语附加成份系统时, 都感到困惑. 其原因在于: 汉语没有英语那样屈折变化系统. 英汉语形态模式的对比. 形态模式 英语 汉语 名词复数屈折变化 有 无 动词现在时第三人称单数 有 无 动词过去时和过去分词 有 无 代词的格 有 无 名词性物主代词 有 无 序数变化 有 无 从一类词派生另一类词 很多 比英语少得多 比较级和最高形容词屈折变化 有 无 41. Wrong: His family is very well. 他家里人都很健康. Right: His family are all well. 42. Wrong: I, and not they, are to go. 我决定去, 并不是他们. Right: I, and not they, am to go. 差异(6) 主语和谓语动词应保持数和人称上的一致, 是英语在使用过 程中最重要的原则之一. 而在汉语中主语和谓语动词则没有这种一致性. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m