1、一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。We are good friends.Many students want to go. Tom wants to go, too.Water is necessary in our daily life.Trees are important for human being.二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：My family is a big fami
2、ly.Maths is hard to learn.三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。Not only I but also my father likes table tennis.语法一致1. and，both and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如： He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Water and air are both impo
3、rtant. 水和空气都很重要。2.如果and连接两个名词指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。例如:The scientist and professor is going to give us a talk. 那位科学家兼教授将给我们作报告。The knife and fork is on the desk. 刀叉放在桌子上。A.表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter iron and steel law and order B.配套事物：a knife and forka watch and chain a needle and
4、thread 3. 两个并列的主语被each, every, no, many a 等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。1.Every man and every woman _ (attend) the meeting.2.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) seen the book.补：each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。 复数代词+ each，谓语动词用复数。如： Each of us has something to say. We each have something to do today.4. 由some-, any- ,no- ,ever
5、y-，the other构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。5.主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, including, but等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与第一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees i
6、n the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。 No one except us knows about it. 除了我们没人知道这件事。 All the students, including Mary, are playing basketball on the playground. 包括玛丽在内所有的学生都在操场上打篮球。6. 动名词，不定式，从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Reading aloud is very important in learning English. To nod ones head means agreement. What he said
7、 was amazing.7. 分数 / 百分数 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于这个名词。About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water. Seventy percent of people have known about the news.8. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词要与of后面的名词的数保持一致.Lots of meat has been sold out.1.A number o
8、f students _ (be) diligent.2.The number of students _ (be) increasing. a number of +可数名词的复数 谓语动词用复数形式 表 “许多”The number of +可数名词的复数 谓语动词用单数形式 表“的数量”就近原则1. 当or, eitheror, neithernor, not only but also, notbut, whether or 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：v Neither you nor I am wrong.v Neither I nor you are w
9、rong.v Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.v Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.2. 在there be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。v There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.v =There are two pencils, a pe
10、n and several books on the desk.v =There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.3.由here, there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：v Here comes the bus.v Here is a pen and two books for you.意义一致1. 表示一类人的“the +形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。v the + 形容词 作主语,表示某个抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。1.The injured _ (have) b
11、een taken to hospital.2.The young _ (be) required to respect the old.3.The new _ (be) sure to take the place of the old.2.集体名词如 army, audience, class, family, government, population, team, group, public 作主语时，谓语动词形式主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体的用复数。有些集体名词people, police, cattle作主语时，谓语动词常用复数。3. 单复同形的名词
12、sheep, deer, aircraft, means, Chinese, Japanese, fish作主语时，根据句意判断。Two sheep are missing.A sheep is over here.4. 当all作主语时，视情况而定指人时，谓语常用复数All but Tom were here just now.All is not gold that glitters. 发光的不都是金子。5.以-s结尾的学科名称 physics，mathematics / maths, economics, politics作主语时, 谓语动词用单数6.一些国家名称，书名，组织机构，报刊名
13、等复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数The United States is a rich and strong country.7. 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：glasses, trousers, shoes, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果被a kind of, a pair of , a series of修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.Where are my shoes?8.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。如：v Thirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。v Two hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。