1、陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解（12）及答案【广东省深圳高级中学】A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。As any homemaker who has tried to keep order at the dinner table knows, there is far more to a family meal than food. Sociologist Michael Lewis has been studying 50 families to find out just how much more. The study also provides
2、an explanation for why middle children often seem to have a harder time in life than their siblings. Lewis found that in families with three or four children, dinner conversation is likely to center on the oldest child, who has the most to talk about, and the youngest, who needs the most attention.
3、“Middle children are invisible,” says Lewis. “When you see someone get up from the table and walk around during dinner, chances are that its the middle child. ” There is, however, one thing that stops all conversation and prevents anyone from having attention: “When the TV is on,” Lewis says, “dinne
4、r is a non-event. ”26. The writers purpose in writing the text is to _. A. show the relationship between parents and childrenB. teach parents ways to keep order at the dinner tableC. report on the findings of a studyD. give information about family problems27. Parents with large families ask fewer q
5、uestions at dinner because_. A. they are busy serving food to their childrenB. they are busy keeping order at the dinner tableC. they have to pay more attention to younger childrenD. they are tired out having prepared food for the whole family28. By saying “Middle children are invisible” in paragrap
6、h 3, Lewis means that middle children_. A. have to help their parents to serve dinnerB. get the least attention from the familyC. are often kept away from the dinner tableD. find it hard to keep up with other children29. Lewis research provides an answer to the question_. A. why TV is important in f
7、amily lifeB. why parents should keep good orderC. why children in small families seem to be quieterD. why middle children seem to have more difficulties in life30. Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?A. It is important to have the right food for children. B. It is a good idea
8、 to have the TV on during dinner. C. Parents should talk to each of their children frequently. D. Elder children should help the younger ones at dinner【参考答案】2630 CBBDC 阅读理解课堂练学案（23） (A competitor sabotages) New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized
9、 crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes Theft of data, or da
10、ta crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.
11、Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firms competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage
12、 may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for their recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily
13、buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or controlled by organized crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated comp
14、uter technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have already been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million
15、in damages as a result of a bombing. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither government nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically
16、 motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Criminal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Cri
17、minals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could kill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and n
18、ations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative ef
19、forts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. How many kinds of crimes are ment
20、ioned in the passage?A. 7. . 8. C. 9. D. 102. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a companys computer?A. His purpose is to destroy or weaken the firms operational ability. His purpose is to weaken firms competitive capability and get it.C. His purpose is to buy the rivals company at a re
21、latively low price.D. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage of a computer system?A. Sabotage of a university computer. Sabotage of a hospital computer.C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.D. Sabotage of a fact
22、ory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. Criminals can kill whoever they want by a computer.C. The computer can replace any weapons.D. The function of a computer is just like a gun.Vocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. v
23、andalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-su
24、pport system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related s
25、abotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes结构简析 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。参考译文 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are sa
26、id to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.结构简析 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。参考译文 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中起着关键的作用。3. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability eit
27、her in the private or the government sector.结构简析 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。参考译文 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。4. The computer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooper
28、ative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.结构简析 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用tooto 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。参考译文 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。写作方法与文章大意文章介绍“计算机犯
29、罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解1. B. 种，具体罪行。见难句译注。2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”A. 削弱公司运转能力。C. 在相当低的价
30、格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。3. C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。A. 大学B. 医院D. 工厂。这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.4. B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们
31、可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为世纪的事业杀手。”A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.
32、 Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.【2013界崇明县】（A）Marshall was a promising young artist. He painted with great feeling. His paintings were all characterized by a strong love and sympathy for people. His high school art teacher felt he ha
33、d a special talent.Marshalls father didnt want him to be a painter, however. Mr. Donaldson wanted his son to be a stockbroker(股票经纪人). He wanted Marshall to continue the dynasty started by his great-great grandfather in 1820. The family business, Donaldson and Donaldson Inc., was now a large, success
34、ful investment firm.Mr. Donaldson felt Marshall was much too individualistic. “Listen,” he told his son, “I had no say in choosing my career. I just did what my dad told me.”“But you are good at business,” Marshall replied. “Im not. Im sure I would just cause trouble for you and problems for the com
35、pany.” Marshall felt there was no way he could ever fill his fathers shoes. And, although he was no stranger to high society, he didnt feel comfortable among the wealthy. He preferred the ordinary, working-class people of the city. His paintings told of their struggles and their hopes.Sometimes afte
36、r school Marshall would hang around outside a factory gate. He would draw the workers as they came out at the end of their shift. Marshall wondered how they could keep doing that hard, boring work year after year. Then he realized most of them would be doing something different if they could. But th
37、eir great obstacle in life was lack of education.When Marshall got home, he would take out his paintings. The paintings expressed his sympathy and respect for those hard-working people. Well, Marshall never did enter the family business. This angered his father. But as Marshall got older, his career
38、 as an artist began to take off. He became quite famous, and people paid large amounts for his “plain people” paintings.In time, this success won Marshalls dad over. Mr. Donaldson could see his son was born to paint. Marshall was glad his father finally came around. And happily, the two began to wor
39、k together after all. Twice each year they held a benefit art show.Marshall donated a number of his paintings to be sold at each show. The persuasive Mr. Donaldson got his wealthy friends and clients(客户) to attendand to spend. The money from the art sales was used to help factory workers improve the
40、ir education.65. Why didnt Marshalls father want Marshall to be a painter at first? A. He thought Marshall was good at business rather than art. B. He expected Marshall to continue their family business. C. He wanted Marshall to earn more money. D. He thought Marshall was individualistic.66. From th
41、e passage we can learn that _. A. Marshalls choice turned out to be wrong B. Marshalls choice affected their family business C. Marshalls father at last supported Marshalls choice D. Marshalls father was always unhappy with Marshalls choice67. The underlined phrase “take off” in paragraph 7 probably
42、 means “_”. A. to take away or remove B. to go away unexpectedly C. to stop working temporarily D. to suddenly become very successful68. It was _ that made Marshall a successful artist. A. his talent and diligence B. his dads help with art shows C. his art teachers support D. his desire to help poor
43、 people【参考答案】65. B 66. C 67. D 68. A 【2013界崇明县】（B）To whom it may concern,I highly recommend Jane Doe as a candidate for employment. Jane was employed by Company Bubble from 2008 to 2011. She was responsible for office support including word processing, scheduling appointments and creating brochures,
44、 newsletters, and other office literature.Jane has excellent communication skills. In addition, she is extremely organized, reliable and computer literate. Jane can work independently and is able to follow through to ensure that the job gets done. She is flexible and willing to work on any project t
45、hat is assigned to her. Jane was quick to volunteer to assist in other areas of company operations as well. Jane would be a valuable employee for your company and has my highest recommendation. If you have any further questions with regard to her background or qualifications, please do not hesitate
46、to call me.Sincerely,John SmithDear Hiring Manager,Im interested in the summer position at Sarasota Store advertised in The Sarasotian.I have excellent communication skills and a talent for customer service. My past experience as a volunteer at Sarasota Hospital made it necessary for me to focus on
47、providing quality customer service, and also enabled me to work with all types of people.I believe that my communication skills, customer service abilities, and positive work ethic would make me a valuable person for your store.I can be reached at angelamerlyn or 129-2278-3490. Thank you for your co
48、nsideration.Sincerely,Angela MerlynDear Ms Alba, The purpose of this letter is to announce my resignation from ABC Company, effective two weeks from this date.This was not an easy decision to make on my part. The past ten years has been very rewarding. Ive enjoyed working for you and managing a very
49、 successful team dedicated to a quality manufactured product delivered on time.I have accepted a position as Vice President at Manufacturing for Land Lubber Industries in Watertown, West Virginia. This opportunity gives me the chance to grow professionally and we will only be a few miles from my fam
50、ily.I wish you and the company all the best. I do hope our paths will cross again in the future.Sincerely,Aubrey White69. What probably was Jane in Company Bubble?A. A receptionist.B. An accountant.C. A saleswoman.D. A secretary.70. The second letter is mainly written to _.A. apply for a positionB.
51、make friends with the addresseeC. make an appointment D. report the result of Merlyns work71. In the third letter which of the following reasons is mentioned as to why the writer is leaving the company?A. Promotion of another colleague.B. Bad relationship with present colleagues.C. Further professional development. D. Bad health condition of a family member.【参考答案】69. D 70. A 71. C