1、Section Discovering Useful Structures现在完成时的被动语态1(教材P28)Much_has_been_written(write) about the wonders of the World Wide Web2(教材P28)But the Internet has_done(do) much more for people than simply make life more convenient3(教材P28)Many people have_been_helped(help) by the club4(教材P28)She no longer feels
2、 lonely, and her company_has_become(become) quite successful5(教材P32)Today I thought Id blog about a question that has_been_asked(ask) many timeshow do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?一、现在完成时的被动语态的结构肯定式主语have/has been done否定式主语have/has not been done一般疑问式Have/Has主语been d
3、one？特殊疑问式疑问词have/has主语been done？He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting他已被挑选出来参加运动会。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。Has the date for the next meeting been decided?下次会议的日期已确定了吗？How long has the battery not been changed?电池多久没有更换了？【即时演练1】句型转换The children have
4、already been told the good news将上面的句子变为否定句。The_children_havent_been_told_the_good_news_yet将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?对上面句子中的The children进行提问。Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recen
5、tly等副词连用。The machine has already been repaired机器已经修好了。2表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ？”句型中。Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。How long has this film been shown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成
6、时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。You shouldnt leave school before your homework has been finished在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近since then从那时起ever since自那以来ever曾经so far迄今为止by now到现在为止for a long time 很长一段时间in recent years在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里【即时演练2】(1)用现
7、在完成时的被动语态改写句子Jacks boss has always praised him for his devotion to workJack has_always_been_praised by his boss for his devotion to workThey have found a good place to build a temple in the villageA good place has_been_found to build a temple in the villageWe havent yet decided how to solve that dif
8、ficult technological problemHow to solve that difficult technological problem hasnt_been_decided yet(2)完成句子当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。I will go home when my homework has_been_finished纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。Paper money has_been_used for over one thousand years(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。His boss has already
9、punished himHe has already been punished (by his boss)(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。He gave the little girl an appleThe little girl was given an apple (by
10、him)An apple was given to the little girl (by him)【即时演练3】将下面句子变为被动语态I have asked her to help youShe_has_been_asked_to_help_youWe have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 yearsMany_trees_have_been_planted_on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_yearsHe has sent me an emailI_have_been_sent_an_emailAn_email
11、_has_been_sent_to_me 单句语法填空1A great many machines have_been_produced(produce) by the factory since the technological revolution2Great changes have_taken(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have_been_set(set) up in the past ten years3In the last few years, thousands of films have_been_p
12、roduced(produce) all over the world4Up to now, a lot of highrise buildings have_been_built(build) in our city5Over the past three years, more than $10 million has_been_spent(spend) carrying out the project6The robots have_been_used(use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s7The
13、English song has_been_sung(sing) for many years, but we still like it8Professor Yang has_been_invited(invite) to the film festival twice so far9Over time I have_been_changed(change) quite a lot10It has_been_used(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s 句型转换1We have sent some rockets to space to exp
14、lore the Moon and MarsSome rockets have_been_sent to space by us to explore the Moon and Mars2Robert has bought an iPhone using his own moneyAn iPhone has_been_bought by Robert using his own money3The famous company has given the computers away to those high schoolsThe computers have_been_given_away
15、 to those high schools by the famous company4The local government has chosen the university to organise the training courseThe university has_been_chosen by the local government to organise the training course5They havent told me that the meeting will be put off until next FridayI havent_been_told t
16、hat the meeting will be put off until next Friday6People use bamboo in many different ways for thousands of yearsBamboo has_been_used in many different ways for thousands of years 单句语法填空1More than 50，000 yuan has_been_raised(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded2Chinas space program
17、 has_been_developed(develop) greatly since it sent its first astronaut to space in 20033Computer science, with which rapid progress has_been_made(make) in recent years, plays a very important part in our daily life4Up to now, more than five new species have_been_found(find) on this island by researc
18、hers5Black Friday has_been_regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years6Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics have_been_founded(found) in this country to treat poor people for free7The balance between the city and the country has_been_broken(break) by the industrial d
19、evelopment over the past two centuries8Some efforts were_made(make) to improve the air quality in the city last winter9Over the past three years, the paintings have_been_taken(take) to more than 20 museums in the world10For centuries, the ancient language has_been_passed(pass) on from one generation
20、 to another 阅读理解Smartphones, tablets and smart watches are banned(禁止) at school for all children under 15 in FranceUnder the ban students are not able to use their phones at all during school hours, including meal breaks“I think its a good thingSchool is not about being on your phone，” Paris mum Mar
21、ieCaroline Madeleine told AFP“Its hard with kidsYou cant control what they see and thats one of the things that worries me as a parent”There is no law like this in Australia, but some Australian schools have banned phonesMcKinnon Secondary School in Victoria introduced a total ban in February and Pr
22、incipal Pitsa Binnion said this has been a successMcKinnon students still have a Chromebook to use in every class for daytoday learning but theyre not allowed to use social media(媒体)Ms Binnion said at first “teachers cheered and students moaned(抱怨)，” but now theyre seeing the positives(优势)“They come
23、 to school and theyre not allowed to use phones at all during the school day, including lunch breaks，” she said“Its been wonderful in terms of students communicating with each other at lunchtime and not looking at their screen，” she saidMs Binnion also leads by example and doesnt use her mobile phon
24、e in school“I think anyone can do it if weve done it”Not everyone agrees with the bansWestern Sydney University technology researcher DrJoanne Orlando wrote in online magazine The Conversation earlier this year that Australia should not ban phones in schools because its important to educate kids to
25、live in the age they are raised in“A good education for students today is knowing how to use technology to learn, communicate and work with ideas，” she wrote“Banning students from using smartphones is a 1950s response to a 2018 stateofplay”【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了澳大利亚学校是否该禁止学生使用手机。1Why did Madeleine wel
26、come the ban?ASchool is for studyingBKids behave badly nowadaysCTeachers find it hard to control kidsDHer kids depend too much on phonesA解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的School is not about being on your phone可知，Madeleine认为学校不是玩手机的地方，言外之意就是学校是学习的地方。2What can we learn about the ban in McKinnon Secondary School?ASome t
27、eachers were against it at firstBStudents can now see the good of the banCStudents can use their phones at lunch breaksDTeachers have stopped using phones at school as wellB解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的this has been a success和第五段中的now theyre seeing the positives可知，学生们起初抱怨，但现在都看到了这一禁令的好处。3What does the underlined
28、word “Chromebook” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?AA bookBA notebookCA learning websiteDA kind of computerD解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的Smartphones, tablets and smart watches和第五段中的for daytoday learning but theyre not allowed to use social media(媒体)可知，画线词应该指的是一种电脑。学生们学习可以用，但是不允许使用社交网络。4What does DrJoanne Orlando
29、think of banning phones in schools?AIt will disconnect parents and kidsBIt will cause kids to communicate lessCIt will prevent kids being techmindedDIt will make education go back 60 yearsC解析：推理判断题。由倒数第一、二段可知，DrJoanne Orlando认为现在是科技时代，就应该让学生与时代接轨，禁止学生使用手机不符合这个时代的特征。 七选五Studies have shown that about
30、30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight or obese(肥胖的)1_ Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similarIf you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obeseAfter all, children and young adults need nutrients to grow2_ Howeve
31、r, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity3_ Genes are one of the factors that can lead to itGenes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energyYour genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight
32、childrenAlthough you may have good genes, you can still become obeseIn fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity4_ For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVsMany of us eat up to
33、 four meals a day thanks to excessive(过度的) snackingAnd when we have a snack, we may dont consider eating fruitsBut this is not always the childrens fault5_AFast food is another reason for obesityBBut what may cause childhood obesity?CThat is almost one out of three young AmericansDThis increases the
34、ir chances of becoming overweightESo it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes onFNowadays, our free time activities have greatly changedGAfter all, there are many stores offering all kinds of snacks near schools【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了造成青少年肥胖的几点因素。1C解析：此空设于段中，与前文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前文中提到的数
35、据30% of the children。2E解析：此空设于段中，与前文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文陈述：毕竟，孩子和青少年需要营养来成长，此句进一步论述，所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的。3B解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句展开说明基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。4F解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。此句说如今，人们的自由活动已经在很大程度上改变了，后面就这一点举例说明。5G解析：此空设于段尾，对前一句进行解释。前一句说孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错，此句进一步解释说明：毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。 语法填空I too
36、k a short flight the other dayThe passengers on the plane 1_(offer) an inflight snacka sandwich which contained dairy and meatSince I 2_(feel) totally full at that time of the day, I put it in my bagI hoped later that day, I may come across a homeless person, to 3_this sandwich may mean his only mea
37、lWell, I did come across a homeless man later that dayThat man was with 4_(he) dog BellaWhen I gave him 5_sandwich, I noticed his smile as he was opening the sandwichHe shared it 6_BellaThey started to eat quickly7_(see) how hungry he was, I emptied my bag of all treats and food I hadI also went and
38、 bought a large coffee for himHe 8_(sincere) thanked me and continued to have his “big” mealKindness is such a simple thing for us to doHowever, for 9_(receive), it can be lifechangingAs a saying goes, “Ten men banded(聚集) together in love can do what ten thousand separately would fail in” If each of
39、 us does one kind thing at a time, the strength 10_(build) up will be surprising【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起做善事。1were offered解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2felt解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。3whom解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指
40、代人，故用whom。4his解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。5the解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用定冠词the。6with解析：考查介词。share sthwith sb意为：与某人分享某物，故填with。7Seeing解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做状语。8sincerely解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。9receivers解析：考查名词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填receivers。10built解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。