1、学习目标：时间状语从句和原因状语从句学习难点：时间状语从句和原因状语从句在语句中的运用预习案.选词填空as, since, now that, when, while 1 Yang landed，Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the Control Centre to offer his congratulations.2 he was travelling in space，Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station.3 no one else saw the alien
2、s，not many people believe Mr. Bates.4 I have made this first visit，I hope I can come many more times.5“ you have asked me so nicely，” said Sharon，“Id be delighted to sign your arm.用适当的连词填空1 you are leaving tomorrow，we can eat dinner together tonight.2Its a long time I saw you last.Yes，and what a pit
3、y it is since it will be a long time we see each other again.3We were playing in the garden it began to rain.4You cant borrow books from the school library you get your student card.5Peter was so excited he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.探究案时间状语从句和原因状语从句一、时间状语从句在英语中，有许多连词可
4、以引导时间状语从句，常见的有以下几个连词：引导时间状语从句的词 when，while，as当的时候 before在之前 after在之后 till/until直到 since自以来 once一旦 wheneverno matter when无论何时 1.when，while和aswhen引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是持续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词；从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在主句动作之前发生。while引导时间状语从句时，表示“在期间；当的时候”。其引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词应为持续性动词，不用短暂性动词；从句谓语动作通常与主句谓语发生的时间是同时的，从句谓
5、语常使用进行时。as引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂性的。侧重指从句与主句的动作同时进行，可译为“一边一边；随着”。如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词，并使用进行时，when，while，as可以互换使用。It was raining when we arrived.我们到的时候正在下雨。He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.他做着功课就睡着了。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边记笔记。2before和afterbefore引导时
6、间状语从句时，表示“在以前”，当从句谓语动词为一般过去时时，主句谓语动词可用过去完成时或一般过去时。after引导时间状语从句时，表示“在以后”，当主句谓语动词为一般过去时时，从句谓语动词可用过去完成时或一般过去时。I saw them after I arrived/had arrived.在我抵达之后，我见到了他们。Before I could say anything more，Holmes had rushed off towards the station.我还没有来得及说些什么，霍姆斯就冲向了车站。3till/untiltill/until可作介词和连词，均表示时间，意为“直到”。
7、till/until两词用法基本相同，在句中可互相替换使用。但until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。当句子为肯定句时，谓语动词表示的动作持续到某个时间为止，因此谓语动词必须是延续性的。not.until表示“直到(某个时间)才”，主句谓语动词为终止性动词。主句和从句中时态一致。Lets wait till/until the plane takes off.让我们等到飞机起飞吧。Mr. Li didnt leave his office until six oclock.李先生直到六点钟才离开办公室。注意(1)not.until句型中，当not until.置于句首时，句子用部分倒装
8、。(2)not.until句型用于强调句中时，句型为：It is/was not until.that 句子其他成分。4sincesince表示“自从”，引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可为终止性动词，但主句谓语动词为延续性动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用现在完成时。She has been living a hard life since her husband died.自从丈夫死后，她一直过着艰苦的生活。注意当since从句中的动作为延续性动词时，应译为“不做某事有(多长)时间了”。5名词短语充当连词引导时间状语从句常见的此类短语有：the mo
9、ment，the minute，the instant，the first，the first (second.last) time，last time，next time，any time，each time/every time，by the time等。Each time he came to Harbin，he would call on me.他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。注意当by the time引导时间状语从句时，在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。二、原因状语从句引导原因状语从句常
10、用的连词有：because，since，as，now that，for等。1because表因果关系的语气最强，常用来回答why的提问，所引出的原因往往是听话人不知道或最感兴趣的。because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。Im leaving because I am fed up with the boss.我离开是因为我讨厌老板。2since表示人们已知的事实。不需要强调的原因，故常译成“既然”，通常放在句首。since引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。Since everybody is here，lets begin.既然大家都来了，咱们就开始吧！3as所引出的理由在
11、说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不须用because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句具有同等的地位。As it is raining，lets do something indoors.既然下雨了，咱们就做点室内活动吧。4now that用来说明一种新情况，然后再加以推论。常译为“现在已经，既然已”。Now that Ive seen how he lives，I know why he needs so much money.看过了他的生活状况，我现在才知道他为什么需要那么多钱。5for表示的原因只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因，它与前一分句不存在因果关系。它所引导的分句只能放在
12、句子后面。The day breaks，for the birds are singing.天亮了，鸟儿都在叫了。(不是直接原因，而是推断的结果。)随堂练习1. Wheres that report? I brought it to you you were in Mr Blacks office yesterday. A. if B. when C. because D. before 2. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life weve actually had that lesson. A. until B. after C.
13、sine D. when 3. Did Linda see the traffic accident? No, no sooner that it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone 4. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shout at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where 5. H
14、ow long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 6. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A. before B. until C. whenD. after 7. He transplanted the little tree
15、to the garden it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until 8. It was some time we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before 9. Did Jack come beck early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 10. Jasmine was hol
16、idaying with her family in a wildlife park she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A. when B. while C. since D. once 11. We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever12. When did he leave the classroom? He left you tur
17、ned back to write on the blackboard. A. the minute B. the time C. until D. before 13. Please remember to send me one of your photos next time you to me. A. will write B. have writtenC. write D. wrote 14. John waited at the bus-stop nearly half an hour the bus finally arrived. A. when B. as C. before
18、 D. while 15. My brother while he his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell; rode B. fell; was riding C. had fallen; rode D. had fallen; was riding 16. it happened to be a nice day, we decided to go to the beach. A. When B. Before C. If D. Since 17. everyone is here, why dont we begin our discussion abo
19、ut the heating problem. A. Now B. If C. For D. Because 18. Why do you want a new job youve got such a good one already? A. that B. where C. which D. when 19. An American asked me for directions to the nearest station, I was walking down the street. A. as B. that C. during D. if 20. Tomorrow Ill go t
20、o Shanghai. What would you like me to do for you? you are there, would you please buy me an English novel? A. When B. After C. Once D. While 21. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process(过程), it requires attentions as well as memory and imagination. A. until B. but C. unlessD. for 22. J
21、ack must have been told the news, he wears a rather sad look. A. because B. for C. now that D. as 23. We were just calling you up you came in. A. about, when B. on the point of, while C. on the point of, when D. on the point of, as 24. She thought I was talking about her daughter, , in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. when C. which D. while 25. We recognized his voice he spoke on the radio. A. while B. after C. immediatelyD. during KEYS:1-5BAAAD 6-10 ABDBA11-15BACCB 16-20 DADAD 21-25DBCDC