1、选修7 Unit4Sharing重难点大串讲一 词汇串讲 1 arrangement n. 安排；排列Could you arrange a dinner party of ten persons? 你能安排10个人的晚餐会吗？固定搭配：arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事；make arrangements for为做安排I have made arrangements for my journey to England. 我已为去英格兰的旅行准备好了。2 relevantadj. 有关的；贴切的；恰当的It is a great honour for me
2、to tell you some information relevant to the local life.我很荣幸告诉你一些和当地生活相关的信息。When I am faced with a difficulty，I usuall choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.当我面对困难时，我常常选择参考相关学习资料或网络。3adjust/dst/ vt.&vi. (使)适应；(使)校准；(使)调整 整理；使有条理She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair be
3、fore going out.她出门之前仔细地整了整衣服和头发。adjust(oneself) to (doing) sth (使某人)适应(做)某事adjustment/dstmnt/n.C&U调整；调节make an adjustment/adjustments to 调整(以适应)adjustableadj. 可调节的；可调整的4participatevi. (与in连用)参与；参加Use an effective teaching style that allows people to participate in their learning.运用一种有效的培训风格让人们参与到学习中
4、去。5otherwiseconj. 否则；不然 adv. 用别的方法；其他方面Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.否则的话，你可能会有这样的问题，像红眼、眼痛或更严重的情形。6privilegen. 特权；荣幸Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting.她出身于过去好莱坞的名门，继承了当演员的家族传
5、统。7donatev. 捐赠；捐献She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.她愿为高尚的事业捐款。(1)donate.to. 把捐给同义短语：subscribe to，donate to，contribute to等。(2)donation n. 捐款；捐赠donor n. 捐赠者；输血者8voluntary adj. 自愿的; 志愿的; 无偿的; n. 志愿者 v.自愿做; voluntarily adv.自愿/志愿地The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but
6、a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it.你送的礼物不是给你所爱的人保存的，而是给那些有真正生活需要的人的一种无偿捐助。固定搭配： volunteer for sth.自愿提供某物volunteer to do自愿做某事be voluntary to do sth.自愿做某事We run the mealsonwheels service on a voluntary basis.我们根据自愿的原则，开展上门送饭的服务。9 distributevt. 分配；散布；分开distribution
7、n. 分配；分发They distributed their products and the distribution took them a long time. 他们分发了他们的产品，这花了他们很长时间。10operatevi. 操作；运转 起作用；奏效 (常与on连用)动手术；开刀vt. 操作；开动 经营对动手术For most people，its almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse.对大多数人而言，没有鼠标几乎无法操作电脑operation n. C &U操作；工作；运转 手术作战(行动)operator
8、n. C话务员；操作员；经营者；企业主11. be dying to do sth. 极想；渴望I know you are dying to hear all about my life here. 我知道你极想了解我在这儿的生活情况。表示“渴望做某事”的还有long to do sth.，desire to do sth.，be eager to do sth.，have an desire to do sth.等；表示“极想得到某物”的有long for，be dying for，be thirsty for，have a strong desire for等。After a long
9、dry season, the trees are dying/ thirsty for water. (迫切需要水分).12. dry out干透；使(浸水之物)干透 ( vi. & vt. ); dry up (指河流等)干涸;擦干( vi. & vt. )Your clothes will take a long time to dry out. 你的衣服要很久才能干透。11.in need在困难中；在穷困中We should do all we can to help those in need.我们应该尽力帮助有困难的人。固定搭配：in need of 需要There is no n
10、eed to do sth. 没必要做某事13. hear from sb. 收到某人的来信Hearing from Fernando will give you an opportunity to learn about another culture. 收到费尔南多的信将会给你了解另一种文化的机会。hear from的宾语是人，不是letter。They will be delighted to hear from you. (收到你的来信的).二 句型串讲1. To be honest, I doubt whether Im making any difference to these
11、boys lives at all. 老实说, 我怀疑我是否给这些孩子的生活带来什么影响。(B7 P29)to be honest 老实说; 说实话; 说实在的相同用法： to be exact 确切地说；to be fair 公平地说He came back home very late last night, or early this morning to be exact (确切地说).make a difference to 对有影响/起作用类似短语：have an effect on 对有影响; make much/a great difference 有很大影响; make no
12、/ a little/ difference没有影响The Internet has made a great difference to people all over the world(给世界人民带来了巨大的影响).2It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family. 与汤贝一家度过一天, 真是荣幸之至。(B7 P30)It is / was a privilege to do sth. 做某事是件荣幸/难得的事It is a great privilege (很荣幸) for me to give you a
13、talk here.3.8.As my students have no concept of doing experiments.n.【哲】概念，观念， 思想， (基本)原理， 定则， 意想1）How do you reform ethical concept ?如何改变伦理观念？2）We learn the fundamental strategic concept of Maozedong我们学习毛泽东的根本战略思想。3）Knowledge management is a concept. 知识管理是一种概念。4）We should understand Changes in the c
14、oncept of nationalism 我们应该理解爱国主义内涵的变迁。5）The concept that human beings have two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual. 二元论认为人有两个基本属性，物质的和精神的属性的观念。 have no concept 没有思想或观念 Communication diagrams have no concept of the asynchronous message since its focus is not on message ordering. 交互图并不关心异步信息
15、传递，在交互图中没有异步的概念。4.Which took a fortnight to arrive.fortnight n.两星期1）In a fortnights time I will be home. 两星期后我会在家的。2）He told me that my new teacher was coming in a fortnights time.他告诉我我的新老师将在两周后到这儿来。3）Her daughters birthday is Monday fortnight. 两星期后的星期一便是她女儿的生日。4）Its a fortnight to TeachersDay. 离教师节
16、还有两星期。5）He asked for leave of a fortnights holiday 他请了两个星期的休假。6）I saw him a fortnight ago. 我在两个星期前见过他7) The play folded within a fortnight. 那话剧演了两个星期就停演了a fortnight 前一篇,举报 In Brief Again后一篇：in a fortnight 在两周时间内 In a day or two. 在一两天内。In two weeks from today. 离今天两周的时间内。a fortnight sailing 双周班A Frida
17、y（Tuesday / Thursday）sailing 周五班A bi-weekly sailing 周双班two weeks , fortnight5. up to 一直到, 等于, 从事于(坏事), 忙于, 胜任, 能做, 适合, 适于be up to sth = be busy doing sth. 忙于It is up to sb to do sth 由某人负责做某事1) He can earn up to $ 60,000 per year他每年可挣六万美元。2）She lived at home up to / until her parents came back. 他一直住在
18、家里等到他的父母回来。3）Im not sure if she is really up to that job. 我不能肯定她是否真的胜任哪项工作。4）Its up to her to decide whether or not to go on the course.是否上这门课她自己决定。6. Im still trying to adapt to these conditions but, one thing is adapt (oneself) to 适应，适合；adapt oneself to 使自己适应1）The new students are very slow to ada
19、pt to the rules. 新生对于那些规定适应得很慢。2） You must adapt to the norms of the society you live in. 在社会中生活就要遵循社会行为准则. 3）Over the years, we all learned to adjust, to become more comfortable with each other, and to adapt to our new family arrangement. 年复一年，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了彼此宽容，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。4）You adapt to change
20、quickly. 你很好地适应变化。5）.Develop enterprise how to adapt new situation 开发企业如何适应新形势6）He is someone unable to adapt to their circumstances. 他是不能适应他们环境的人。adapt (oneself) to 的to是介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。类似的词组有be used to 习惯于 be related to 与有关 lead to 导致/通向devote oneself to献身于，投身于 contribute to 为作贡献 access to 接近/进入(某
21、地的)方法 look forward to 盼望 pay attention to注意，集中注意力 give rise to 引起 be accustomed to 习惯于 be addicted to 沉溺于have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school.7. one thing is for sure ,Ive become more imaginative in my teachingfor sure for certain -adv.确实, 毫无疑问；肯定地1)Hell come for s
22、ure. 他肯定会来的。2)That s for sure! 这是毫无疑问的！3)Let me ask for sure. 我来问问吧。4)No sure remedy for a cold 没有包治感冒的灵丹妙药5)I dont know for sure. 我不能肯定。6)Not sure whats for dinner? 不知道晚饭吃什么?常用短语：as sure as 和.一样肯定无疑, 千真万确地 口每次; 每当, 无例外be sure of注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握 be sure that 注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握be /feel sure of oneself 自信
23、; 满怀信心 I am sure 口的确, 真的; 一定for sure 一定要, 必须, 必然, 毫无疑问, 肯定地, 有把握地make sure务必要做到; 一定要做到 弄明白 not so sure 口不一定, 没把握Thats for sure. 那是肯定的。to be sure 自然, 固然 当然, 的确, 一定,真的! 一点不假!1)I am sure that I put the money in the box. 我肯定把钱放在盒子里了。2)Please make sure that the house is locked before you leave. 请你确信是锁上房间
24、后才离开的。3)Im not sure about the practicality of their plan. 我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。4)We are sure to benefit from the new timetable. 我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。5)Theres sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house finds the windows broken. 房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。2. imaginative-adj.想象的; 富于想象力的; 幻想的, 虚构的1) She is an i
25、maginative child. 她是个想像力丰富的孩子。2) His imaginative power came into play. 他的想象力开始起了作用。三 语法串讲1、定语从句的作用：修饰名词或代词，即对名词或代词进行限定或补充说明。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词关系词：连接定语从句和主句的引导词，分为关系代词和关系副词。2、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：从形式上看，有逗号就是非限制性定语从句，没有逗号就是限制性定语从句。从意义上看，也是有区别的，区别在于限定二字上。请分析以下句子:He has a girlfriend who works abroad.He has a
26、 girlfriend, who works abroad.He never wears clothes which make him different from others.He never wears clothes, which makes him different from others.注意：非限制性定语从句中，不可使用关系代词that3、关系词的作用关系词和主句的关系：指代主句中的先行词(被修饰的名词)关系词和从句的关系：在从句中充当具体句子成分,充当主语时从句谓语与先行词保持一致。The teacher along with the students is (be) dis
27、cussing Reading Skills that was (be) newly published in the US.注意：关系词指代先行词，已经在从句中充当句子成分，不可再用代词重复指代。4、关系词的选择(1) 关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语 人：who whom that whose as物：which that whose as(2) . 关系副词：在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时间：when地点：where原因：why (先行词只能是reason)注意：定语从句的世界里没有what和how！总结: 从句中缺名词用关系代词；不缺名词用关系副词(3) 关系代
28、词as用于以下两种情形(1)先行词被such, as many(much)和the same修饰，从句用as引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The computer is just the same as I bought 10 days ago.(2)先行词为整个句子的定语从句用as或which引导。意义上：as 含有“正如一样”；which则表示“这一点，这件事”。位置上：as 从句可位于句首，也可在置于句末，还可插于句中；which从句只可置于句末。He didnt pass the exam, as/ which we had expect
29、ed.He didnt pass the exam, which we had not expected.The child stayed out all night, which made his parents very concerned.The earth, as is known to all, is round.As is often the case, we may suffer defeat every now and then. As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are maki
30、ng progress.(4) 指人时关系词who(m)与that的区别。(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词一般用who(m)。There was someone who had entered the room before the noon.(2)先行词是anyone, those, someone, everyone, one等词时，关系词用who(m)。One who falls in love can be a fool. (3)当主句是who(m)作疑问词时，关系词用that，反之，先行词是that/those时关系词用who(m).Who is the girl tha
31、t is standing by the window?Those who break the law will be punished.(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，口语中常被who取代。但前面有介词时，只能用whomDo you know the girl with whom the teacher is talking?(5) 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用who和whom (逗号后)She has a son, who works in a foreign language school.(5) . 定语从句中不能用which作关系代词的几种情况:(1)当先行词为 all, littl
32、e, much, few, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时，关系词用that不用which。I have forgotten everything that he told me this morning.(2)当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that，而不用which。The most beautiful place that I have ever been to is Jiuzhaigou.(3)当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that, 而不用which。This is the first time that we have
33、 met.(4)当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right, the last等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which。American audiences will see the same movie that was shown in Asia.(5)当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时，关系代词用that,而不用which。All the things that you told me are lies.(6)当主句是以which, who, what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从
34、句的关系代词一般用that,而不用which。Who is the girl (that is) sitting by the lake?(7)当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(6) 定语从句中不宜用that的一般情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从句中 (逗号后)(2) 在关系词前有介词时 (介词后)Chans restaurant on Baker Street, which used to be poorly run, is now
35、 a successful one.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. 5、定从解题技巧Step1：先判断是否定语从句 (注意：定从的世界里没有what和how)Step2：优先考虑as和whose，代进去看合不合适Step3：如果从句缺名词，填关系代词；如果从句不缺名词，填关系副词，只要先行词不是reason, 此时“非时间即地点”如果先行词不是时间，不管是不是地点，都看做地点。”四 话题串讲（一）话题综述本单元的话题是Sharing，主要涉及
36、帮助弱者、志愿服务、合作分享等。通过听、说、读、写等各种活动学习相关的语言知识，使学生了解世界上很多地方依然很落后，从而懂得同情，学会分享。了解一些志愿者工作的信息，培养学生互助合作的精神和社会责任感。结合针对短文话题的探讨激发学生的国际意识，通过各种渠道力所能及地为贫困地区的孩子做出自己的贡献。（二） 话题词汇1.I am glad to do sth2.make friends with sb3.I come from which is.4.It is ones honor to do sth5.Introduce sth/sb to sb6.whats more7.let me tell
37、 you something about8.be good at doing sth9.enjoy doing sth 10.I d like to participate in.11.offer ones help to sb12. try ones best to do sth13.donate sth to sb14.devote oneself to (三） 话题句型1. An increasing number of cases are being reported every day.2. its thought that H1N1 flu spreads in the same
38、way that regular seasonal influenza viruses do, that is, spreading from person-to-person, mainly through the coughs and sneezes of people who are sick with the virus。 3. Faced with this severe disease, here are some everyday measures we should take to stay healthy. 4. So, dont be nervous and just ke
39、ep calm as usual.5. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. 6. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.7. What they did has brought joy to other people and enriched their own lives.（四）话题典例某英语周报近期开设了“三月学雷锋”人物专
40、栏，并号召各学校推荐先进人物事迹。请你以王平的身份给报社编辑写一封信，介绍你姐姐王静的一些情况，书信中需包含以下要点：1. 姐姐去年到偏僻的乡村担任了志愿教师。2. 介绍姐姐的工作环境和工作内容。3. 姐姐对志愿工作的看法。4. 我的观点。【参考范文】Dear editor, I am writing to introduce my sister Wang Jing, who participated in a voluntary activity and went to a remote village as a volunteer teacher last year.It is a poo
41、r village which is suffering from shortages of electricity and water. Most children have to walk a long way to school, and many of them have no textbooks. It is difficult for my sister to teach the students because she cant understand the local dialect.My sister sometimes feels tired. However, she s
42、till believes she is making great difference to her students lives. She has donated all to help those children in need, regarding this voluntary work as a privilege, not a burden.I am so proud of her and given opportunities, I am willing to follow her example and help others out. I hope my introduction will meet with your requirements. It would be great if more people have the chance to know my sister and join in voluntary activities. Yours sincerely, Wang Ping