1、Unit 21 Human Biologysupreme adj. genetherapyepidemic n. sacred pulsory adj. controversial adj. empire n. helmet n.privileged adj. dash n. trial n. institution n.statistics n. lame adj. acute adj. tentatively adv.symptom n. marathon n. parallel n. reverse vt.terminal adj. impulse n. tissue n. append
2、ix n.kidney n. complicated adj. mourn vi.&vt. tractor n.liver n. miniature n. carrier n. jealous adj.interval n. soundtrack n. prescription n. spade n.enhance vt. identify vt. tablet n. aluminium n.performanceemotion n. systematic adj. tin n.enhancing adj. herb n. coma vi. skeptical adj.doping n. sc
3、an n. numb adj. belly n.1(2020浙江卷)These lights，known as adaptive signals，have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.代价2(2016江苏卷)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children，who are able from a young age to gather their own
4、 food.婉言拒绝单词拼写运用核心单词语境运用1abuse vt.滥用2postpone vt.推迟，延期3foresee vt.预见4underline vt.表明重要性；强调5temporary adj.临时的；短暂的6circumstance n情形；情况 7seek vt.寻找8decline vi.下降用所给词的适当形式填空。1Certain occupations have_declined(decline) overall in recent years.2The game has been postponed(postpone) three times.3They were
5、accused of abusing (abuse) their power to keep prices artificially high.9digest vt.消化；理解10doubtful adj.怀疑的，不肯定的11urban adj.城市的；市区的12unite vi.团结；联合；统一13pause n暂停；停顿14routine n惯例；常规15thorough adj.彻底的；细致的16submit vt.提交，递交17fundamental adj. 基础的，根本的18cater_vi.满足；迎合19ample adj.充足的，充裕的20minimum_n. 最低；最小 21
6、deadline_n截止日期，最后日期22pump vi.用泵抽出(注入) n. 水泵；打气筒23swap vi.交换24hearing n听力；听觉25pulse n脉搏 vi.(心脏)跳动26annual adj.年度的，每年的，一年一次的27threat n威胁；恐吓28interpret vt.解释；翻译29rebuild vt.重建30teamwork n协作；配合31pill n药丸，药片32weekly n周刊，周报 adj.每周一次的33press_n新闻界；报界；出版社 vt.按；压34vote n&vi.选举，投票，表决35absurd adj.荒谬的；不合理的36firm
7、 n公司，商行 adj.坚定的；牢固的4He seems to be in easy circumstances(circumstance) since he had his pay increase.5Had we foreseen(foresee) that，we would not have let him go.6They sought(seek)in vain for somewhere to shelter.7I had no reason to believe there was anyone within hearing (hear)8At the beginning of t
8、he war things were looking very doubtful (doubt)9The school_was_rebuilt (rebuild)on the site of the old building last year. 10The class needs a_minimum (minimum) of twenty students to continue.11He quickly_interpreted(interpret) to me what the Russian was saying. 12It is now firmly (firm) establishe
9、d as one of the leading brands in the country.派生单词语境运用1rob vt.使丧失；抢劫robber n强盗robbery n盗窃2oppose vt.反对opposition n反方；对立面opposite adj.相反的；对面的opposed adj.反对的3violate vt.违反，违背violent adj.猛烈的violence n暴力violently adv.强烈的；激烈的4faith n信心faithful adj.忠诚的；忠实的faithfully adv.忠诚地5equip vt.使有准备equipment n设备；装备6f
10、ortune n大笔钱财，巨款；运气fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地7extend v延长extension n延期8concern n担心；担忧concerned adj.关心的；担忧的concerning prep.关于；有关9prohibit vt.禁止prohibition_n禁止；禁令用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。1We are very concerned about our companys plans concerning the new position.(concern)2I was very fortunate to see t
11、his，but in a way I created this fortune as I was always out there.(fortune) 3In order to equip the medical equipment reasonably，the rent center was founded in our hospital in 2002.(equip) 4This faith made them faithful to carry out the instructions.(faith)5A child growing up in a violent environment
12、 learns violence and may act violently towards his own children.(violent)10tolerate vt.容忍tolerant adj.容忍的；宽容的tolerance n忍受；宽容；忍耐力11circulate vi.循环circulation n血液循环；流通；发行量12mine n矿井mineral n矿物miner n矿工；采矿者13store v. 贮存storage n储存14contradict vt. 反驳；与(其他事物)相矛盾contradiction n不一致，矛盾，对立15enter v进来；进去；进入e
13、ntry_n. 进入；入学16adapt v. 使适应；改编adaptation n. 变化；变种；适应；改编17unconditional adj. 无条件的；无限制的unconditionally_adv. 无条件地18enquire v询问；打听enquiry n. 询问；调查6Import license is only allowed to extend once and the extension is no more than 3 months.(extend) 7The students living far away from the school were strongly
14、 opposed to the plan.Their opposition prevented the plan from being carried out.(oppose)8Several robbers robbed the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest robbery of this city in the last decade.But they were soon caught by the police.(rob)9The Daily News once had the highest circulatio
15、n(circulate)in the country.10Some of the space will at first be used for storage(store) of vegetables.11The government has decided to launch an enquiry(enquire) into the incident.12They need to be tolerant(tolerate) of different points of view about it.13This_prohibition(prohibit) reduces the risk o
16、f security attacks on computers.14This adaptation (adapt)perfectly captures the spirit of the novel.15He laid special stress on analyzing the particularity of the contradiction(contradict).短语理解运用高频短语语境运用1wipe_out彻底毁灭2at_random随便地，随意地3at_all_costs不管多大代价，无论如何4cater_to满足；迎合5straight_away立刻，马上6miss_out遗
17、漏，遗忘；错过机会7focus_on聚焦；集中；对准选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。As a singer，he wont cater_to the listeners.He only focuses_on his true feelings，so he wont write and sing songs at_random.Because of this，he may miss_out many good chances of making money.But he will stick to it at_all_costs.8clear_up整理；解释；澄清9in_despair绝望10be_
18、responsible_for对负责任11get_down_to开始做12at_any_rate无论如何；至少13bring_up教育；抚养；呕吐14stop_sth.in_its_tracks 终止；消灭15in_vain_ 徒然，白费力气选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。My good friend Mary didnt get through the College Entrance Examination，which made her and her disabled parents in_despair.She knew it was not easy for her parents to
19、 bring her up.So she would get_down_to going over her lessons.She told me she should be_responsible_for not only herself but also her parents.句式辨识运用教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1.不定式作主语It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.他不可能解除契约对自己的束缚。It_is_impossible_for_him t
20、o get off the contract.2.rather than 而不是，与其不如The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。Most people prefer_to_buy their own homes rather_than rent them.3.sb./sth.be believed to.H
21、aving killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.据说这本书已被译成了好几种语言。The book is said to_have_been_ translated into several languages.1postpone vt.推迟，延期 postpone s
22、th.推迟某事物；使某事物推迟postpone doing sth.推迟做某事be postponed for.(时间)被推迟了postpone sth.to/until.推迟到postpone the meeting to next week会议延期至下星期postpone making a decision 推迟做决定基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错Our school has decided to postpone holding (hold) the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.The match was postponed to t
23、he following Saturday because of bad weather.Lets postpone to make a decision until we have more information.to_makemaking链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)I shall put off making a decision till I learn full particulars.(高级表达)I shall postpone_making_a_decision till I learn full particulars.2oppose vt. & vi.反对；反抗 (1)opp
24、ose doing sth.反对做某事oppose sb.s doing sth.反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立oppose the plan 反对这个计划oppose playing computer games 反对打电脑游戏基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错Most Americans were opposed to Syria war.I have been consistently opposed to feeding(feed) a baby regularly.She i
25、s very much opposed to your going(go) abroad.All the members present opposed to change the law.to_changechanging链接写作一句多译我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。I oppose_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(oppose)I am_opposed_to_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(opposed)I object_to_going_shopping
26、 on Sundays for it is too crowded.(object)I am_against_going_shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.(against)3prohibit vt.禁止；阻止 (1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事(2)禁止某人做某事prohibit smoking 禁止吸烟prohibit visitors from feeding the animals 禁止游客投喂动物基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错We are prohibited from drinking(drink) du
27、ring working hours.Smoking is_prohibited(prohibit) in the office building.His small size prohibits him becoming(become) a policeman.It is wise to prohibit students playing with smartphones.playing前加from链接写作词汇升级(普通表达)Some people think that its necessary to prevent/stop/keep people from using mobile p
28、hones in some places.(高级表达)Some people think that its necessary to prohibit_peoples_using mobile phones in some places.(高级表达)Some people think that its necessary to prohibit_people_from_ using mobile phones in some places.4tolerate vt.容忍；忍受 (1)tolerate (doing) sth.容忍(做)某事(2)tolerance n容忍；宽容have no t
29、olerance of/for sb./sth.不能容忍某人/某事物(3)tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.忍受、宽容某人/某事tolerate others 容忍别人cant tolerate being scolded 不能容忍被责怪基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错The school cannot tolerate cheating(cheat) in exams.She had no tolerance for jokes of any kind.Perhaps you need to be more tolerant
30、with your neighbors.withto/towards链接写作一句多译我不能容忍被嘲笑。I cant tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)I cant bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)I cant put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(put up with)5submit vt. 提交；递交 vi. & vt.服从，屈服 submit.to.把提交给；向提出submit sb./oneself to使某人/自己甘受，服从submit to服从于，屈服于submit t
31、hat. 认为/主张/建议/表示submit an application 呈递申请书submit to questioning 接受询问基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错He submitted the report on the matter to the committee.Well submit ourselves(us) to the courts judgement.I submit that the terms are entirely unreasonable.We rejected his submission(submit) that this be done at once.
32、He submitted him to a search by the guards.himhimself链接写作完成句子学生必须服从学校的纪律。The students must submit_themselves_to the disciplines at school.6seek (sought，sought) vt. 寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图 seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb.(sth.)寻求某人(某物)seek ones fortune寻找成功(致富)的机会seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth.试图
33、做某事seek advice 征求意见seek for a missing pen 寻找丢失的钢笔seek after the ideal 追求理想基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错We are seeking to_attain(attain) the most advanced technology level in the world.Why do modern people seek after material possessions? The couple have sought help for marriage guidance counsellors.forfrom链接写作完成句
34、子他早年到外国去闯天下。In early youth he went to seek_his_fortune_in_a_foreign_country.7equip vt. 使有装备；配备 (1)equip sb./sth.to do sth.使某人/某物具备条件做某事equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/某物equip for.为做准备be equipped with 配备有(表示状态)(2)equipment n装备；器材；装置well equipped 装备优良equip sb.for a job 使某人具备做某项工作的条件equip the workshop w
35、ith modern machines 用现代化机器来装备车间基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错They are equipping themselves for a journey.Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.A firstaid kit is a necessary piece of equipment(equip) for people when travelling.We provide 2person tents and basic cooking and camping equipments
36、.equipmentsequipment链接写作完成句子为了保持双脚干爽舒适，这种新的鞋子配有微型风扇。To keep the feet dry and comfortable，this new kind of shoes is_equipped_with a microfan.8decline vi. &vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n. 下降；衰退 (1)decline to do sth.婉拒做某事decline in/of sth.在某方面减少/下降(2)on the decline走下坡路；在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退decline by 1
37、0% 减少了10% decline with thanks 婉言谢绝a sharp decline in population 人口急剧下降基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错I didnt know why the boy declined to_answer (answer) a question.There has been a sharp decline in/of profits this year.The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month.The number of people who
38、run the red light has been in the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.inon链接写作完成句子不过互联网并非是旅游指南走下坡路的唯一原因。But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are_in_decline.(decline n)9fortune n财产；大笔钱财，巨款；机会；运气 (1)make a fortune 发财by good/bad fortune 幸运/不幸地have good/bad fort
39、une to do.有幸/不幸做(2)be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在方面运气好try ones fortune 碰运气seek ones fortune 外出寻找发财的机会基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错Fortunately(fortune) the rain stopped before we started.You are fortunate_(fortune)to have such a reasonable father.Central London is fortunate in have so many large parks and
40、open spaces.havehaving链接写作完成句子你不努力，机遇是不会来的。If you dont work hard，no_fortune_will_come.10at any rate 无论如何；不管怎样；反正，至少 at this/that rate照此情形；如此下去at the/a rate of以的速度或比率；以的价格at a high rate 以高价a high rate of unemployment 高失业率基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错We may miss the next bus，but at any rate well get home on time.At
41、 this/that rate，we will soon be bankrupt.Our money was running out in an alarming rate.inat链接写作完成句子世界能源的需求量正以每年百分之三的速度递增。World energy demand is increasing at_a_rate_of_about_3%_per_year.(at a rate of)11wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁 wipe away 擦去；揩去；消除wipe off 擦掉；除掉wipe up 擦干，擦掉(落下的某物或溅出的液体等)wipe sth.down/wipe d
42、own sth.(用湿布)彻底擦干净基础练习单句语法填空The dirt on the floor is not easy to wipe away.Would you please wipe the dust off the table?链接写作完成句子你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干净，免得滑倒人。Youd better wipe_up_the_milk on the floor before someone slips in it.(wipe up)12at all costs 不管多大代价，无论如何 (1)at the cost/expense of.丧失，牺牲；以为代价at a cost o
43、f.以的费用/价格at any cost以任何代价(2)cost sb.sth.花某人，使某人付出/丧失基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错Dont give in to their demands at the cost of your own.He bought a computer at a cost of 5,000 yuan.This is the lowest price.We are selling at the cost already.I tell you in good faith that I want to get this set of stamps at any cost
44、s.costscost链接写作完成句子这项工作是如此重要，以至于我们必须不惜一切代价按时完成。The work is so important that we_must_finish_it_on_time_at_all_costs.13(教材P34) It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。 句法句式for winners to be tested为动词不定式作主语。winners是不定式to be
45、tested的逻辑主语，winners与test之间为被动关系，因此，使用不定式的被动形式。不定式的被动形式为“to be过去分词”，表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，具有被动含义。在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语或补语等。在下列结构中，虽为被动意义，却应使用主动结构：(1)在“主语be easy/difficult/interesting/heavy/nice/fitto do sth.”结构中。(2)在find/make/feel/think/suppose/expect宾语宾补to do sth.结构中。(3)在“疑问代词不定式”的结构中。金句推送(2019全国卷).its impo
46、ssible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.当谈论流行时装时，不可能不谈及作为主要角色的中国。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错It was impossible for lost time to_be_made(make) up.The man is easy to_deal(deal) with.I dont know what to_do(do)Nowadays its important of us students to master a foreign language.off
47、or链接写作完成句子这个句子很容易翻译。It is an easy sentence to_translate.14(教材P34)The Olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 句法句式rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其不如”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接
48、相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。常用句型金句推送(2018江苏卷)When a darkcolored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.当一个黑色的蛋糕而不是白色的放在黑色的盘子上，顾客认为更甜更美味可口。名师点津rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。基础练习单句语法填空/单句改错She prefe
49、rred to_stay(stay) at home rather than go shopping with him.Mary，rather than you，is(be) to blame for not finishing the work on time.If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than plaincomplaining链接写作一句多译我宁愿去打篮球也不愿去钓鱼。I prefer_to_play_basketball_rather_than_g
50、o_fishing.(prefer to do.rather than do)I would_play_basketball_rather_than_go_fishing.(would do.rather than do) I would_rather_play_basketball_than_go_fishing.(would rather do.than do)夯基固本基础强化.用所给词的正确形式填空。1Fortunately(fortunate)，the weather of that winter was reasonably mild.2He declined to_give(giv
51、e) any information on the Presidential election.3Completed projects must be_submitted(submit) by 10 March.4Nobody can tolerate being_cheated(cheat)，and thats why he has no friend.5Equipped(equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.在空白处填入一个适当
52、的词。1He bought fame at the cost of health and happiness.2Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops.3It is necessary for us to examine the papers before handing them in.4We cant submit to the fate.Instead，we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.5He bought the sweater at a c
53、ost of 80 yuan，and it was a real bargain. 查缺补漏知识拾遗.用所给词的正确形式填空。1In my opinion，we should have our eyes examined (examine) once a year.2She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband.3He rebuilt(rebuild) the engine using parts from cars that had been scrapped.4She saved him from be
54、ing_drowned (drown)，but only at the cost of her own life.5I enjoyed the great benefit of his instructions concerning(concern) the matter.6I tried to stand up, but I was completely(complete) exhausted. .在空白处填入一个适当的词。1I saw a man shouting at a driver whose_car was blocking the street.2The woman was ro
55、bbed one day of_her gold ring in the street by a guy.3Why do you think we should have a vote_on that matter? 4He is the least appealing character in the film, to me at any rate.5Poor educational performance is related to_emotional disturbance.6He was taken off the train without a ticket or a penny t
56、o his name. 强技提能语言应用.语法填空根据P34教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Athletic performances have 1.continually (continue) improved since the first Olympic Games.However，improvements 2.have_begun (begin) to slow down recently.While 3.talking (talk) about breaking records，we come across the issue of performan
57、ceenhancing drugs，4.which are originally developed to help people with illness，but they are often used by some athletes to perform 5.better (well) than usual.In other words，doping is a fundamental from of cheating.6.Unfortunately (unfortunate)，it is difficult to catch athletes 7.using (use) illegal
58、drugs.The winners have to be tested 8.while other participants are only tested 9.at random.New drugs are developed all the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind.In the future another issue is genetherapy.Athletes who have their genes 10.changed (change) might perform much
59、 better in the match.In todays world，if doping and genetherapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events，the Olympic spirit will have lost its meaning.书面表达Step 1.要点提示(黑体字部分要使用本单元所学词汇)据说昨天三名强盗抢劫了一家银行的一笔巨款。It was said that three robbers had_robbed_a_bank_of_a_large_fortune yesterday.警方迅
60、速封锁( block)主要道路，并禁止可疑车辆通行。The police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited_the_suspect_cars_ from_passing.对这样的犯罪行为，警方必须不惜任何代价清除。The police must wipe_them_out_at_all_costs as for such crimes.目前，警方正在搜寻有关信息。At present，the police are_seeking_the_information.Step 2.表达升级(改变所给句子的结构以使表达升级)用简单句短语
61、升级句Three robbers were_said_to_have_robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.Step 3.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)Three robbers were said to have robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday. Therefore，the police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.The police must wipe them out at all costs as for such crimes.At present，the police are seeking the information.