1、Section_Other_Parts_of_the_Module原文呈现The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast， such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities in
2、 developed countries such as the US suffer. Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind， and is famous for its sixlane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily life
3、 for a long time. The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues， became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”a tax for cars entering the c
4、entre of the city.读文清障charge n费用free of charge免费get/be stuck in被困在occur vi.发生，出现it occurs to sb. (that) .某人想到which引导定语从句，修饰cities。such as例如(表示列举)developed countries发达国家suffer vi.遭受suffer from遭受之苦which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Los Angeles。从句中含有with复合结构，in mind表示“考虑在内”。be famous for因而闻名congested adj.拥挤的；堵塞的part of
5、 的一部分where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词central London，且在从句中作地点状语。so .that .如此以至于congestion/kndestn/n.拥塞；堆积现在分词短语作定语，修饰cars。伦敦的交通拥堵费第12段译文北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久
6、以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。2003年2月，伦敦市长肯利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm. As the cars come into the centre， video cam
7、eras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day. People who do not pay the charge will face a fine of 80.Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traffic problem, but the congestion charge is e
8、xpensive, and limits their freedom .现在分词短语作定语，修饰every car。pay points在此处指“收费点”。as引导时间状语从句。registration/redIstreIn/n.执照；登记a list of 的清单who引导定语从句，修饰drivers。face v面对，面临be faced with面对a fine of 的罚款be not happy with对感到不高兴/不幸福agree v同意，意见一致agree后可接介词to, with, on或that从句，也可直接跟不定式作宾语。第34段译文想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交
9、5英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上10点之前在首都的10 000个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临80英镑的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们认为伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由But does the congestion charge work？ A survey carried out at the end of 2003 suggests it does. After only six months, traffic coming into central London was
10、 reduced by about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. Whats more， central London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.But there are a few people who think the charge should be
11、 much higher， for example rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even more cars out of central London, and the roads would be nearly empty. However, there are no plans to increase the charge.work v发挥作用，有效果survey n调查carry out/do/perform a survey 进行一项调查过
12、去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a survey。suggest此处指“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。does在此处是替代词，代替上文中出现的works。be reduced by被降低了，被减少了，by表示程度，后接数字、百分数等。be reduced to被减少到time n次数use .to do用做 be used to do被用来做whats more此外，另外 相当于in addition。even though/if“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。who引导定语从句，修饰a few people。who引导定语从句，修饰rich businessmen。afford
13、 v负担得起，买得起 afford to do做某事负担得起keep .out of .使不进入increase v增加，提高increase by增加了increase to增加到第56段译文但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是6个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约30%，旅程的次数减少了15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然间流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，(因为)像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这(收费更高)会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中
14、心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。Step 1True (T) or False (F)1Beijing is the only city with traffic problems._F_2Cities in developed countries dont suffer the traffic problems._F_3In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”_T_4The congestion charge doesnt work.
15、_F_5There are some plans to increase the charge._F_Step 2Choose the best answers according to the passage.1Whats a congestion charge?AA tax for cars entering the centre of the city.BA tax for taxis only.CA fine for those who dont obey the traffic rules.DA tax which is very expensive.2If people do no
16、t pay the charge, they will _.Abe unhappyBbe fined for 5 a dayChave no freedom Dbe fined for 803Does the congestion charge work in London?ANo.BYes. But most Londoners are not happy with it.CIts hard to say.DNot mentioned in the text.4We can infer from the text that _.Acities in developed countries s
17、uffer less traffic problemsBLondon was planned and built before carsCdrivers can pay the charge at any timeDthe congestion charge will be reduced soon答案：14ADBB一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1roadwork n(常作复数)道路施工2blow vt. 吹响(乐器、号角等)3horn n. 喇叭；号角.拓展词汇1react vi.反应reaction n反应2solution n解答；答案solve v解决3mood n心
18、情；心境moody adj.情绪多变的4congestion n拥塞；堆积congested adj.交通拥挤的，车辆阻塞的5registration n执照；登记register v登记，注册；n.登记簿，名册1.blow v吹响(乐器、号角等)；吹；刮；炸坏，爆炸图片记忆2react vi.起反应；对作出反应；回应同义respond3solution n解答；答案同义answerkey词块a solution to 的解答4mood n心情；心境词块be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断
19、掉(电源)2keep cool 保持冷静3no way 肯定不；没门儿4turn on 打开5in a good mood 心情好6be famous for 因而闻名7as a result 结果，因而8at the end of 在末9be reduced by/to 被减少了/到10whats more 另外，而且11keep .out of 使不进入12a list of 的清单1.prefer .to .喜欢胜过2traffic jam 交通阻塞3developed/developing countries 发达/发展中国家4follow/break the rule 遵守/违反规则
20、5congestion charge 交通拥堵费6part of daily life 日常生活的一部分7in queues 排队8pay points 收费点9drive sb. mad 逼疯某人10public transport 公共交通(工具)11limit ones freedom 限制某人的自由12carry out/perform a survey 进行一项调查三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Its a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。have sth. done表
21、示“让某事被别人去做”。Daniel has_his_arms_crossed and looks upset.丹尼尔双臂交叉，看起来不高兴。2.Speaker 4 prefers public transport to cars.第四个发言者喜欢公共交通工具胜过汽车。prefer .to .意为“喜欢胜过”。I prefer milk to coffee.我喜欢牛奶胜过咖啡。3.Why not use public transport?为什么不用公共交通工具呢？“Why not动词原形”意为“为什么不？”If you want to sell your house, why_not_put_
22、an_advertisement in a newspaper?如果你想卖掉你的房子，为什么不在报纸上登个广告呢？4.Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构，表示“让处于某种状态”。Its wrong of you to leave_the_machine_running day and night.你让机器日夜一直开着是不对的。1(教材P17)Switch off the motor.关上发动机。switch v转换；转变；改变switch off关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)switch on turn on 把开关打开，接通switch
23、over 换频道；转变switch .to . 变换/转移到When not in a room, youd better switch off all the lights and the fan.当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。He was tired of teaching and as a result, switched_to writing novels.他厌倦了教学，结果改行写小说了。I dont like to watch this.Theres a better programme than this on CCTV 6.Please switch over.我不
24、喜欢看这个。中央六台有比这更好看的节目，请换频道吧。Switch on the recorder, please. I want to listen to some songs.请打开录音机，我想听几首歌。2(教材P17)Keep cool.保持冷静。keep cool保持冷静；保持凉爽keep calm保持镇静keep quiet 保持安静keep silent 保持沉默keep still 保持不动keep fit/healthy 保持健康Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事，最重要的是保持冷
25、静。You should keep_calm even in face of danger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。I dont know if I should speak to him or keep_silent.我不知道我是应该同他说话还是保持沉默。You should do more exercises and watch less TV in order to keep_healthy/fit.为了保持健康你需要多锻炼，少看电视。3(教材P17)React when others drive badly. 当别人开车开得不好时作出反应。react vi.反应；回应；起反应(
26、1)react to .对作出反应react with . 与起(化学)反应react against . 反抗，反对(2)reaction n. 反应；回应in reaction to 对作出反应I shouted at her, but she didnt react at all.我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。I dont know how Mrs. Brown will react to when she hears the news that her son has won the first place in the competition.我不知道当布朗夫人听到她儿子在比赛中获得
27、第一名的消息时有何反应。The chemistry teacher shows us how iron reacts_with air and water.化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水起反应的。The government soon reacted against all the illegal strikes.政府很快作出回应反对所有这些不合法的罢工。A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the companys recent losses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。4(教材P18)T
28、heres a simple solution to these problems.对这些问题有一种简单的解决方法。solution n解答；答案a solution to .的解决方法solve v. 解决She can find no solution to her financial troubles.她无法克服她的经济困难。It took an hour to find the solution to the difficult problem.解决这个难题花了一个小时。The little boy helped his father to solve the mystery.小男孩帮
29、他父亲解开了谜团。联想发散常见的与介词to连用的名词有：the key to 的答案/钥匙the answer to 的答案the entrance to 的入口the attitude to 的态度the approach to 的方法5(教材P18)Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood.驾车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心以一种好的精神状态上班或休闲购物。mood n心情；情绪be in a good/happy moo
30、d心情愉悦be in a bad mood 情绪低落be/feel in the/no mood for sth./to do sth. (没)有心情做某事The news put her in a bad mood.这消息让她心情很糟。He was in_a_good_mood when he got home from work.他下班回到家时心情不错。Im not in the mood to argue with you.我没心思跟你争论。I am in no mood for a joke.我没心情开玩笑。1Its a good idea to have your destinati
31、on written in Chinese.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。本句中have your destination written属于“have sth. done”结构，其中have可用 get替换。该结构主要有两个意思：(1)让某事被别人去做Its usual for me to have my hair cut every month.我通常每个月理一次发。(2)表示主语的遭遇或经历(尤指不好的)When he was riding a bike in the street, he had his arm hurt.当他在街上骑车时胳膊受了伤。have sb. do sth
32、. 让/叫/使某人做某事have sb. doing sth. (用于否定句中) “不允许某人做某事”have sb./sth. doing 叫/让/使某人/某物一直处于某种状态have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)I cant have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的母亲说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。Jacks humour in his speech has the audience laughing (l
33、augh) all the time.杰克在演讲中的幽默让听众一直笑个不停。Dont be worried.Ill have Tom help_you finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight?Sorry, but I have an important meeting to_attend (attend)今天晚上你和我一起去看足球赛好吗？对不起，我有个重要的会议要参加。2Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。(1)本句中使用了“leave宾语宾语
34、补足语”结构，表示“使/让处于某种状态”。宾语补足语是副词。Dont leave the light on when you go out.出去时，别让灯开着。(2)该结构中的宾语补足语还有以下几种形式：名词His parents died, leaving_him_an_orphan.父母去世了，他成了孤儿。形容词Youd better leave_the_door_open.你最好让门开着。介词短语Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I had left my bank card in the caf.当我刚刚走到学校大门口时，我就意识
35、到把银行卡忘在咖啡馆了。现在分词(表示主动、进行的动作)The teacher left the classroom angrily, leaving the boy standing (stand) in the front of the classroom.让那个男孩站在教室前面，老师生气地离开了教室。过去分词(表示被动、完成的动作)They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)他们用毯子给他盖上，只留眼睛露在外面。不定式(表示未发生的动作)Never leave the work for to
36、day to be finished tomorrow.永远不要把今天该做的事情留到明天去完成。3Why not use public transport?为什么不用公共交通工具呢？(1)本句中Why not表示建议，其后接动词原形。“Why not do .？”相当于“Why dont you do .？”。Why not/Why dont you change your mind now that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？Why_not_go ou
37、t for a walk?Why dont we go out for a walk?何不出去散散步呢？(2)why not作为答语单独出现时，表示同意对方的建议。Would you like to go for a picnic this weekend?Why_not? I love getting close to nature.你愿意这周末去野餐吗？好啊！我喜欢接近大自然。(3)Why do .？用于责问对方，意为“为什么？”，Why后面接动词原形。Why quarrel with your sister?为什么与你姐姐吵架？.单句语法填空1Should there be urgent
38、 situations, press this red button to switch off the electricity.2Everyone should keep quiet (quietly) in the reading room.3He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)4I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.5They were so frightene
39、d that they had the light burning (burn) all night.6Why not form (form) the habit of exercising to keep fit?7Dont leave her waiting (wait) outside in the rain.8I always prefer to_start (start)early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.9Im just not in the mood for a party tonight.1
40、0He wouldnt allow his bad moods to get in the way of him doing his job.完成句子1Unfortunately, my brother had_his_legs_broken in the accident.不幸的是，我哥哥在这起事故中摔伤了腿。2He left the office, leaving_the_computer_on. 他离开了办公室，电脑还开着。3To_keep_fit/healthy,_he gets up early to have exercise every day.为了保持健康，他每天早起锻炼。4W
41、hy_not_stop_them from polluting the river?为什么不阻止他们污染这条河呢？5According to the airline rules, we suggest you_(should)_switch_off_your_mobile_phone before boarding.根据航空规则，我们建议你登机前关掉手机。6Children usually react_against_their_parents by going against their wishes.孩子们往往以违背父母意愿的方式来反抗父母。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.
42、单词拼写1Whats the reaction (反应) of the United Nation to the international situation?2The economists are trying to come up with a solution (解决方案) to the global financial crisis.3The telephone wires were blown (吹) down by the strong wind.4There is always too much congestion (拥塞) on the road in big cities
43、.5Please write your home address on the registration (登记) form.6We cant get through, for there are roadworks (道路施工) ahead.单句改错1The boss is not in good mood now; youd better not ask for trouble.in_后加a2Successful leaders always react quickly with political events.withto3The children preferred cycling
44、to the countryside to stay indoors all the day.staystaying4It is a waste to leave the water run while you brush your teeth.runrunning5Now that your son likes the bike so much, why not buying it for him？buyingbuy6She is going to have her shoes repair.repairrepaired.选词填空1Shes young and pretty, and wha
45、ts_more,_she knows several foreign languages.2Im in_a_good_mood today, for I have passed the entrance examination.3Anyone who breaks_the_rules will be punished.4She can keep_cool even under heavy pressure of anger.5Be sure to switch_off the light when you leave the office. 6How do other scientists a
46、nd the public react_to your research?本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1No one can change the situation where technology develops fast.2Would you like to have your writing published (publish) in this magazine?3These two subjects are closely connected with each other. 4In many countries, young people still keep up th
47、e tradition that women will get married (marry) in a long white dress.5Would you permit me to_smoke here?Sorry, we dont permit smoking here in the reading room. (smoke)6It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.7Dream of the red chamber is
48、 well worth reading (read) because we can learn a lot about the noble families in the feudal (封建的) society.8It is stupid of her to_make (make) such a mistake.9Hurry up, or we will_miss (miss) the train.10The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct soluti
49、on (solve)11Think carefully, and you will find the answer.12After all, all kids prefer to_be_praised (praise) rather than be_scolded (scold).完成句子1Give_up_smoking,_or/otherwise (戒掉烟吧，要不然) you may die of lung cancer.2At_no_time_is_smoking_permitted (决不允许吸烟) in this building.3When youve finished with t
50、hat book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, will_you (好吗)?4I_wont_have_you_running_around (我不允许你到处乱跑) in the house.5Dont_look_at_the_sun (不要看太阳) with your eyes. Youll have your eyes hurt.6If you want to go camping, we_can_provide_you_with_a_tent (我们为你提供帐篷)7He_had_his_wallet_stolen (他的钱包被偷了) o
51、n his way home from work.8Please send me an answer at_your_convenience (在你方便的时候)9It looks like rain. Why_not_take_a_raincoat (为什么不带雨衣呢)?10In face of danger, its_very_important_to_keep_calm (保持镇静是很重要的)二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Why are you looking at cheap used cars for sale? More than likely because you wa
52、nt to save money on a car. Maybe you havent considered why you should buy donated (捐赠的) cars before. If thats the case, now is the perfect time for you to consider donated cars and what they have to offer. A lot of people looking at used cars for sale go right to the local car sellers hoping to save
53、 money when they buy a used car. But at the same time, other people are donating their used car to charities. Why dont they sell it to the used car sellers youre going to? They donate used cars for two reasons: Either to help a charity they care about or to help reduce their taxes (税)The charities t
54、hat receive these used cars then sell them to raise money for their organization.Because the used car for sale or auction (拍卖) is donated, unlike a used car seller, the charity doesnt have to pay for it and can therefore sell it more cheaply. That means when you buy donated cars, you help these char
55、ities while saving yourself money over buying a used car for sale from a car seller!Many charities find it difficult to sell these cars on their own so they work with professional auction companies. DonatedCarD is partnered with some of the largest donated car auction groups in the country so we mak
56、e it easier for you to view, bid (出价) and buy donated cars. When you look to buy donated cars on Donated Car Deals, youll find you can save up to thousands of dollars on a used car and help out another organization in the process!Donated cars are located all over the country！Some listed used or dona
57、ted cars may have additional money connected with the sale. Please keep that in mind when deciding your bid amount on the donated car or even motorcycle of your dreams!语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了购买捐赠车辆的好处及注意事项。1Which of the following is a reason for people donating used cars?AThey will pay less taxes.BThey ca
58、n live on charity.CThey cant find a local car seller.DThey have failed to find the right buyers.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Either to help a charity they care about or to help reduce their taxes.”可知，捐赠二手车可以减税。2Why are people advised to buy donated cars?AThe auction is done by professional companies.BThe mone
59、y will go to those in need.CThey have more cars to choose from.DThey neednt pay for them at once.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That means when you buy donated cars, you help these charities”可知，当你从慈善机构购买捐赠车辆时就意味着你的钱可以让慈善机构帮助需要帮助的人。3What does Donated Car Deals do?AIt supports charities.BIt collects used cars.CIt
60、 is an auction group.DIt bids against car buyers.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Many charities find it difficult to . car auction groups in the country”可知，DonatedCarD是协助慈善机构来销售车辆的。4What should a possible car buyer notice according to the last paragraph?AThe donated cars lists.BThe sale locations.CThe added cost
61、s.DThe highest bid.解析：选C细节理解题。最后一段作者提醒买车的人出价的时候要记得“additional money”，也就是额外的费用。.语法填空On a hot summer day I was traveling down the highway to Los Angeles. During my travel another driver suddenly started merging into my lane. Being in the far right lane, my car _1_ (force) onto the shoulder of the road
62、.Being a professional driver, I managed _2_ (drive) my car back onto the highway without an accident.While I wasnt very happy with the person for cutting me off, I considered it _3_ honest mistake.A driver lost in a good daydream.It certainly could not _4_ (be) a friendly act.The car _5_ (speed) awa
63、y after cutting me off and soon was out of sight.After a while, I found the same driver on the side of the road.He was an old gentleman who was walking along the side of the road on this hot day.With no call box in sight and the _6_ (near) services being at least twenty miles away, I decided to stop
64、 and see what the problem was.The mans car had a flat tire and _7_ he had a spare tire, he had no instrument.I decided to help him _8_ changing his tire for him and allowed him to sit in my airconditioned car while I changed his tire. Fifteen minutes _9_ (late), I was hot, sweaty and dirty, but I _1
65、0_ feel good.语篇解读：作者开车去洛杉矶的途中，看到有人超车并险些酿成一起车祸。但是后来作者发现这名司机的车爆胎了，还是停车帮了他一把。1was forced句意：我的车行驶在最右边的车道上，因此被迫撞上了路肩。be forced to do sth.被迫做某事。2to drive句意：作为一名专业的司机，我成功地把车重新开到了高速路上，没有酿成车祸。manage to do sth.“成功做某事”。3an此处为泛指，故用不定冠词，且honest的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。4have been句意：这肯定不是一种友好的行为。此处表示对过去事情的推测，且为否定，应该用“could
66、nt have done”结构，意为“肯定没有做过某事”。5sped句意：这辆车超车后加速离开了，很快就不见了踪迹。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时态。6nearest句意：视线内没有公用电话亭，最近的服务站至少有20英里远，我决定停下车来看看出什么事情了。near近的，nearest为最高级，意为“最近的”，符合语境。7while/although/though句意：这个人的车爆胎了，虽然他有备胎，但是他没有工具。设空处引导让步状语从句，while, although和though均可引导让步状语从句。8by句意：我决定帮他一把，为他换轮胎。设空处表示方式，介词by符合语境。9laterlate迟的，晚的；later随后，以后，后来；fifteen minutes later 15分钟以后。10did设空处后为动词原形而不是过去式，由此可推断出此处用助动词对谓语动词进行强调，根据全文用一般过去时态可知用did。