1、课时提能练(三十七) 选修8Unit 2CloningA：知识层面.语境语法填空A(考查派生词)What if your boss tells you to add 1decorations (decorate) to a new office with a colleague who often finds fault with you? Certainly this is merely an 2assumption (assume). To get the work done, I think it is important to raise 3objections (object) fr
2、ankly rather than cover up the differences. Nothing could be better than putting forward a more 4reasonable (reason) solution or a 5correction (correct) proposal. Fully exchanging ideas with your colleagues is an essential 6regulation (regulate) you should follow. This is 7exactly (exact) what I wan
3、t to express in this article.B(考查动词)Robert Frost, 8differing (differ) from most of the elderly, doesnt enjoy his old age in peace after 9retiring (retire) from work. Instead, he 10has undertaken (undertake) the duty of helping maintain the order and safety of the community. Accidents used to occur h
4、ere frequently. Several kids 11were struck (strike) by private cars, which 12bothered (bother) most of the residents. Robert couldnt resist 13joining (join) in his community volunteer service. They took steps 14to forbid (forbid) drunk drivers from driving in and out. Since then, no accident has eve
5、r happened again, 15owing (owe) to efforts of volunteers like Robert. They themselves 16have obtained (obtain) the respect of all community residents.C(考查句型)A crocodile measuring “half 17the length of a bus” was said to have been caught in Australia. Then 18came (come) the message from government of
6、ficials that Wildlife Commission had sent a team out to help the crocodile. Despite the fact 19that crocodiles can live in fresh water, wildlife protectors still want to get it back to saltwater. They are convinced that the chance of the crocodile 20surviving (survive) in fresh water remains to be s
7、mall. The problem is 21that the crocodile is so big and heavy that it is hard to take it to saltwater.根据提示补全句子 1约翰打开门。门前站着一个他从未见过的女孩。John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.2能在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。We are very happy to cooperate with you in this project.3按照合同规定，你必须在月底前付款。You are
8、bound to pay before the end of the month by the contact.4漫长的旅行之后，他们三人回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired5他身体不好，所以医生禁止他喝酒。He was in poor health，so the doctor forbade him to drink wine.B：能力层面.阅读理解APeople who grow up lefthanded have a different，more flexib
9、le brain structure than those born to take life by the right hand，say researchers at the University of California，Los Angeles.The reason is that righthanders have genes that force their brains into a slightly more onesided structure，according to the research.Lefthanders appear to be missing those ge
10、nes.“There really is a difference in brains that results in a more symmetric (对称的) brain in lefthanders，where the two sides are more equal，” said Daniel Geschwind，who led the research team.In the effort to understand how the brain shapes the mind，researchers have been trying to document the way gene
11、s and environment affect intelligence and mental abilities.They found that rightor lefthandedness is determined by genes.If a person has the gene for righthandedness，that person will be righthanded.People who do not have that gene，however，can be either left or righthanded.There is no specific gene f
12、or lefthandedness.Righthanders typically have larger left brains，where their language abilities are concentrated.Conversely，lefthanders have more balanced brains.The language abilities of lefthanders more often are concentrated on the right side.The UCLA researchers conducted brain scans on 72 pairs
13、 of male identical twins (同卵双胞胎) between 75 and 85 years old.They noticed that if identical twins carry the gene for hand preference，both must be righthanded.If they lack the gene，one twin can develop righthanded while the other can develop lefthanded.The researchers found that the brains of identic
14、al righthanded twins were very similar in size and structure.But when a lefthander was part of the twin set，the brains were different.The conclusion is that the absence of the gene for hand preference allows the brain to develop differently as the individual grows up，researchers said.【语篇解读】美国加州大学洛杉矶
15、分校的研究人员发现，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的。1What is the finding of the researchers of UCLA?ALefthanders have more balanced brains.BRighthanders have more flexible brains.CLefthanders brains are more onesided.DRighthanders brains are more symmetric.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“that results in a more symmetric(对称的) brain in lefthan
16、ders，where the two sides are more equal”以及第五段中的“lefthanders have more balanced brains”可知，惯用左手的人有更加平衡的大脑，故选A。2Which element determines a persons hand preference?AEnvironment.BIntelligence.CHabits.DGenes.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They found that rightor lefthandedness is determined by genes”可知，人们习惯用哪只手是由基因决定的，故选
17、D。3What can be said about identical twins?AThey always have similar brain structure.BThey never carry the gene for hand preference.CThey have different genes for hand preference.DThey can have different hand preference.D推理判断题。根据第六段中的“If they lack the gene，one twin can develop righthanded while the o
18、ther can develop lefthanded”可推知，即使是同卵双胞胎也有可能会有不同的惯用手，故选D。4What did the UCLA team research on?APeoples genetic makeup.BPeoples hand preference.CPeoples brain sizes.DPeoples communicative skills.B推理判断题。根据第六和第七段的内容并结合文章的其他内容可知，加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了人们有不同的惯用手的原因，所以B项正确。BBowhead whales (弓头鲸) can live 200 year
19、s or longer.How they do it is no longer among the secrets of the deep.Scientists have mapped the genetic code of this longlived whale species.The international effort found unusual features in the Arctic whales genes.Those features likely protect the species against cancer and other problems related
20、 to old age.“We hope to learn what is the secret of bowhead whales living longer，healthier lives，” said Joao Pedro de Magalhaes.He is a gerontologist ( a person who studies the process of people growing old) at the University of Liverpool in England.He is also the coauthor of the study that appeared
21、 on January 6，2015 in Cell Reports.His team hoped that its new findings might one day be used “to improve human health and lengthen human life”No other mammal is known to live as long as the bowhead.Scientists have shown that some of these whales have lived well beyond 100 including one that survive
22、d to 211Magalhaes team wanted to understand how the bowhead can live so long.To study this，the experts analyzed the animals complete set of genes，called its genome (基因组)The team also compared the whales genome to that of humans，mice and cows.The scientists discovered differences，including mutations
23、(突变)，in the whales genes.Those changes are linked to cancer，ageing and cell growth.The results suggest that the whales are better than humans at repairing their DNA.Thats important because damaged or flawed DNA can lead to diseases，including some cancers.Bowhead whales are also better at keeping abn
24、ormally dividing cells in check.Together，the changes appear to allow bowhead whales to live longer without developing agerelated diseases such as cancer，said Magalhaes.【语篇解读】本文介绍了英国利物浦大学的老年学专家Joao Pedro de Magalhaes及其团队通过分析弓头鲸的基因组，并将其与人类、老鼠等的基因组比较之后发现，弓头鲸长寿的秘诀在于其更擅长修复DNA以及控制异常分裂的细胞。5What do we learn
25、 about bowhead whales?ATheir average life is 100BThey live in the Arctic Ocean.CThey dont have ageing problems.DThey are the longestlived animals.B推理判断题。 根据第一段的内容，尤其是第四句“The international effort found unusual features in the Arctic whales genes”可推知，弓头鲸生活在北冰洋，故选B。【干扰项分析】由第一段第三句“Scientists have mapped
26、 the genetic code of this longlived whale species”和第三段第一句“No other mammal is known to live as long as the bowhead”可知，文章只是提到弓头鲸是一种长寿的鲸类，没有其他哺乳动物像弓头鲸一样长寿，并没有说弓头鲸是最长寿的动物，故D项错误；另外，考生应特别注意选项中出现的最高级表达，这类选项大多数情况下为错误选项。6Why did scientists map the genetic code of bowhead whales?ATo lengthen human life.BTo fi
27、nd out a cure for cancer.CTo prevent agerelated diseases.DTo discover the secret of long life.D细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“We hope to learn what is the secret of bowhead whales living longer，healthier lives”可知，Joao Pedro de Magalhaes及其团队了解弓头鲸遗传密码信息的原因是要发现其长寿的秘诀，故D项正确。7What allows bowhead whales to live a longe
28、r and healthier life?ACell division.BGene mutation.CThe good DNA repair system.DPerfect living environment.C推理判断题。根据第五段最后两句“The results suggest that the whales are better than humans at repairing their DNA.Thats important because damaged or flawed DNA can lead to diseases，including some cancers”可推知，
29、弓头鲸更长寿且更健康的原因之一是其良好的DNA修复系统，故选C。8In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment.BCulture.CEducation.DScientific research.D文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了Joao Pedro de Magalhaes及其团队通过分析和对比的方法发现了弓头鲸长寿的秘诀，故本文可能出现在报纸的科学研究版块，故选D。.阅读七选五Learning to Give a Pep Talk (打气)Everyone wants to be the typ
30、e of person who gives the critical talk that turns around a friends outlook.However，giving a good pep talk isnt easy. 1 .You need to not only listen and understand，but also stress the other persons strengths.You also need to know when to stop talking.“A lot of people think they are giving a pep talk
31、，but they are just saying what they would want to hear，” says Stacy Kaiser，a psychotherapist (心理治疗师) in Los Angeles.Instead of instantly telling someone what to do，ask him what action he has thought about taking and why he thinks it will be beneficial.“Dont jump right in and insist Youll be fine， ”
32、says Kaiser. 2 .Repeat the concerns for the person out loud，so he feels heard.Then，show your friend that you believe in him and that he has what it takes to get through this hard time.Stress his strengths. 3 You cant guarantee success，but you can remind the person that he has been through a tough ti
33、me before and has gotten through it.At last，Kaiser says you must know when to stop.“ 4 .Dont argue if the person disagrees with what you are saying.Instead，tell him I am sorry you are having such a hard time. And then back down.”Kaiser says he has learned to give good pep talks by giving bad ones.He
34、 lost a number of loved ones during a short period.“Timing is everything.” There is a time to give a pep talk，and there is a time to just listen. 5 ALet your friend have his momentBGive your pep talk and then shut upCArguing with your friend makes no senseDShow your friend that you understand why he
35、 is sadEHe isnt interested in what his best friends really needFIt requires an understanding of what your audience needsGIt is also important to remember that pep talks are about hope【语篇解读】本文主要论述了给别人打气的方法，包括关心令朋友伤心的事情、注意倾听、将时间交给朋友、选择合适时机停止说话等。1F根据下文可知，你不仅需要倾听和理解，还要强调别人的长处，知道在什么时候停止说话；据此可以推知，你需要理解你的听
36、众需要什么。故F项正确。2D根据后一句“Repeat the concerns for the person out loud，so he feels heard”可知，你要大声说出对这个人的关心；据此可以推知，空处表示“要向朋友表现出你理解他为什么会伤心”，故D项正确。3G根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段主题句，根据空后的“You cant guarantee success，but you can remind the person that he has been through a tough time before and has gotten through it”可知，你可以提
37、醒朋友他之前已经经历过一段艰难的时期，并且已经挺过来了。据此可以推知，该段主要陈述要鼓励朋友看到希望，故G项与此处匹配。4B由前一句可知，本段主要陈述选择时机停止说话；结合下文可知，在鼓励朋友之后，选择恰当时机停止说话，而不是和朋友争论，故B项正确。5A根据上句中的“and there is a time to just listen”可知，在给朋友打气时要学会倾听，将时间交给朋友，故A项正确。.语法填空Ive noticed many people having a cold，and its not even fall yet.Why does the cold occur more fre
38、quently during the fall and winter 1_(month)? Its actually not the cold weather 2_(it) that causes the cold.But rather，it is most likely to be caused by people spending 3_(much) time indoors close to each other，making the spread of germs (病菌) more readily.This is another reason 4_children in the day
39、 care centre or school are more likely to pick up the cold.When I worked in a doctors clinic a few years back，it was one of the 5_(lead) reasons why people visited the doctor in fall and winter.Millions of people suffer from the cold each year.As a result，school 6_(absent) is frequently reported，wit
40、h around 22 million days annually.How can you avoid getting a cold? Among the commonly 7_(recognize) tips，washing your hands is 8_most important one.The cold is spread either by directly touching infected secretions (分泌物)，or by taking 9_the airborne particles(微粒)Also，cold and flu viruses get into th
41、e body via the eyes，nose，or mouth.So，10_(try) to avoid touching your face，especially without washing your hands first.【语篇解读】文章主要分析了秋冬季节人容易感冒的原因及预防感冒的措施。1months考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“the fall and winter”并结合常识可知，秋冬季节不止一个月，故填名词的复数形式。2itself考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“事实上，并不是寒冷的天气本身导致了感冒”，故应填反身代词itself。3more考查限定词的比较级。根据该句
42、中的“more readily”可知，此处也应表示比较的含义，故填限定词的比较级。4why考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语，先行词为another reason，故填why。5leading考查形容词。修饰名词reasons要用形容词，故填leading，意为“主要的”。6absence考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处所填的词要与school一起构成句子的主语，又结合语境可知，此处表示缺课，故填名词absence。7recognized考查非谓语动词。此处修饰后面的名词tips且该空前有副词commonly修饰，故要用过去分词形式recognized，意为“被认可的”。8the考查冠词。此处most important是形容词的最高级；在句中作定语修饰one，其前一般要加the。9in考查介词。此处表示“或者通过吸入空气传播的微粒”，take in意为“吸入”，为固定用法。10try此处表示建议，应用以动词原形开头的祈使句，故填try。
