1、南阳市一中 2020 秋期高二第三次月考英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。AChoosing where to live may be one of the biggest decisions youll make when you move to Sydney, but youll have plenty of help.Temporary arrival accommodationBefore you move to Sydney, we reco
2、mmend that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term accommodation.-sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-termOn-campus-residential colleges (fully catered饮食全包的)The University has eight residential colleges on the Camperdown/Darlington Campus, including Internat
3、ional House, a residential community of global scholars. Colleges provide comfortable, fully furnished single rooms and daily meals, along with sporting, cultural, leadership and social programs. They also include on-site tutorials(辅导课) in addition to campus-based classes.-sydney.edu.au/collegesOn-c
4、ampus residences (self-catered饮食自理的)The University has two self-run residencesQueen Mary Building (QMB) and Abercrombie Student Accommodationon the Camperdown/Darlington Campus. Both just under a year old, they house up to 1000 students. These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large
5、common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.-sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.htmlOff-campus livingMore than 90 percent of our students live off campus. The University is clos
6、e to many dynamic and multicultural suburbs such as Annandale, Newtown, Chippendale and Glebe. A great place to search is our large online database of properties.-sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html1. Where can you find a place to live temporarily?A. On “sydney.edu.au/colleg
7、es”.B. On “sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term”.C. On “sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-on-campus.html”.D. On “sydney.edu.au/campus-life/accommodation/live-off-campus.html”.2. What do students living in QMB have access to?A. Their own kitchens.B. On-site tutorials.C. Daily meals.D. Gy
8、ms.3. What is the most popular choice among students?A. Living off campus.B. Living in host families.C. Living in self-catered flats on campus.D. Living in fully catered houses on campus.【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章介绍了当你搬到悉尼的时候，选择在哪儿居住也许是你要做的最大的决定之一。本文对你会有一定的帮助。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Temporary arriv
9、al accommodation部分的Before you move to Sydney, we recommend that you book a temporary place to stay. Once you get here, you can look for longer-term accommodation.可知，在你去悉尼以前，你可以预订一个临时居住的地方。一旦你到那里以后，你可以寻找长期居住的地方。再结合下面提供的网址信息-sydney.edu.au/accommodation/short-term，可以找到答案。B选项正确。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据On-campus r
10、esidences (self-catered)部分的These residences provide modern single-study rooms with large common living, learning and study spaces, shared kitchens, a theatre, gyms, soundproofed music rooms, art studios, sky lounges and rooftop gardens.可知，生活在QMB的学生是可以进入体育馆的。故D选项正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。由Off-campus living部分第一句
11、 “More than 90 percent of our students live off campus.”可推知，超过90学生选择外宿。故A选项正确。BIn many films, when the owner is in trouble, his or her beloved dog would run home to seek help without fail Yet. while this image has become an unforgettable part of our pop culture, few people knew that the same sort of
12、 response applied to service dogs.Once a blind man fell flat on his face, which was awful but finally harmless. His service dog, however, was trained to get an adult if the owner had a seizure (癲痫),and it was sure this was a seizure. However, while the dog did what it was taught, the woman it found
13、was merely annoyed but not alarmed. Thankfully, the dogs owner was not in the situation of a medical emergency. However, the experience inspired him to share this information on social media.“If a service dog without a person approaches you. it means the person is down and in need of help. the owner
14、 explained. Dont get scared, dont get annoyed, follow the dog! If the first person doesnt cooperate, it moves on.Referring to the accident, a TV presenter asked a dog trainer, Olivia, some basic questions about service dogs, including how humans should react if an unaccompanied service dog approache
15、s them.“What theyre going to do is sniff and gently push your leg the trainer explained, specifically noting that service dogs are not usually trained to jump or bark.“If you see a dog in vest without a person around it, follow it. When asked if one should say something to indicate theyre prepared t
16、o follow the dog, Olivia said theres no clear command. “The spoken language is not going to be a secret password. she said.“You can say. What? or Where? or just start walking wherever the dog leads. Olivia concluded the TV show by adding that those who rely on service dogs can train their companion
17、to move along to someone else, if the first person the dogs come upon reacted negatively to its request Doing s0 could finally save the owners life.4. What do we know about service dogs?A. They cant understand others spoken language.B. They often make people annoyed.C. They are seldom known by most
18、people.D. They only exist in the pop culture.5. In the owners emergency, a service dog will generally_.A. run home for help from familiesB. ask the nearby person for help.C. jump or bark to draw humans notice .D. stay beside the owner until he or she recovers6. How should people react to a separate
19、service dog?A. Follow it to anywhere it leads.B. Communicate with it through commands.C. Keep it home until finding its owner.D. Take it to the nearest police station.7. What is the authors purpose of sharing the story?A. To encourage everyone to help disabled peopleB. To introduce a talk show about
20、 service dogs.C. To teach how to train service dogs wellD To spread knowledge of dealing with service dogs.【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了服务犬经过训练，在他的主人突发紧急情况时，服务犬可以向附近的人求助。对于如何与服务犬打交道，作者也进行了说明。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段while this image has become an unforgettable part of our pop culture, few people
21、 knew that the same sort of response applied to service dogs.（虽然这个影像已经成为我们流行文化中令人难忘的一部分，但很少有人知道同样的反应也适用于服务犬）可知服务犬很少被大多数人所了解。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段His service dog, however, was trained to get an adult if the owner had a seizure (癲痫),and it was sure this was a seizure.（然而，他的服务犬经过训练，如果主人癫痫发作，并且它确信这是癫痫发作
22、，它会找一个成年人）可知在主人遇到紧急情况时，服务犬通常会向附近的人寻求帮助。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段If you see a dog in vest without a person around it, follow it.（如果你看到一只狗穿着背心，周围没有人，跟着它）和or just start walking wherever the dog leads. （或者狗狗带你去哪就去哪）可知对于一只单独的服务犬，人们应该跟着它走。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Referring to the accident, a TV presenter asked
23、a dog trainer, Olivia, some basic questions about service dogs, including how humans should react if an unaccompanied service dog approaches them.（针对这起事故，一位电视主持人问了驯狗师奥利维亚一些有关服务犬的基本问题，包括当无人陪伴的服务犬接近人类时，人类应该如何反应）以及最后一段Olivia concluded the TV show by adding that those who rely on service dogs can train
24、their companion to move along to someone else, if the first person the dogs come upon reacted negatively to its request Doing s0 could finally save the owners life.（奥利维亚在节目的最后补充说，那些依赖服务犬的人可以训练他们的伙伴转向其他人，如果狗狗遇到的第一个人对它的要求反应消极，那么这样做最终可以挽救主人的生命）可推知，作者分享这个故事的目的是传播与服务犬打交道的知识。故选D。CMicroplastics are everywh
25、ere in our environment. Its hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics th
26、at break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Vi
27、ctoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplasti
28、c concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agencys reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are
29、taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. This shows t
30、hat small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact. Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate the accumulative human exposure to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collect
31、ively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.For those worried about microplastic consumpti
32、on, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.8. What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?A. The quality.B. The quantity.C. The shape.D. The size.9. How did Kieran Co
33、xs team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?A. By studying papers.B. By comparing the impacts.C. By analyzing the data.D. By conducting experiments.10. Which of the following is true according to the text?A. Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.B.
34、 The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.C. Coxs team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.D. People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.11. What is the best title for the text?A. The
35、 Potential Problems of MicroplasticsB. Microplastics Coming From Various SourcesC. Microplastics Found Within Human BodiesD. The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplast
36、ics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我
37、们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故D项正确。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation （吸入）using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agencys reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the r
38、esearchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles.”可知，基兰考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故C项正确。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段
39、中的“The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故A项正
40、确。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. Its hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑
41、料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故C项正确。【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要有高度的概括性，准确全面地概括出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，科普类说明文通常在第一段就会点明文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. Its hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that
42、Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故C项（人体内发现的微塑料）最适合作文章标题。DTo learn new things, we must sometimes fail. But whats the right amount of failure? New research led by the Univ
43、ersity of Arizona proposes a mathematical answer to that question.Educators have long recognized that there is something of a sweet spot when it comes to learning. That is, we learn best when we are challenged to grasp something just outside of our existing knowledge. When a challenge is too simple,
44、 we dont learn anything new; likewise, we dont expand our knowledge when a challenge is so difficult that we fail entirely or give up.So where does the sweet spot lie? According to the new study, its when failure occurs 15% of the time. Put another way, its when the right answer is given 85%of the t
45、ime.Researchers at the University of Arizona came up with the so-called 85% Rule after conducting a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as classifying different patterns into one of two categories.The computers learned fastest in situations in whi
46、ch the difficulty was such that they responded with 85% accuracy.If you have an error rate of 15% or accuracy of 85%, you are always maximizing your rate of learning in these two-choice tasks, said Professor Robert Wilson.When we think about how humans learn, the 85%Rule would mostly likely apply to
47、 perceptual(感知的)learning, in which we gradually learn through experience and examples, Wilson said. Imagine, for instance, a radiologist(放射科医生)learning to tell the difference between images of tumors(肿瘤)and non-tumors.You need examples to get better at figuring out theres a tumor in an image, Wilson
48、 said. If I give really easy examples, you get 100% right all the time and theres nothing left to learn. Youre not going to be taking as much from that as a situation where you are struggling a little hit. If I give really hard examples, youll he 50% correct and still not learning anything new, whil
49、e if I give you something in between, you can he at this sweet spot where you are getting the most information from each particular example.12. Which of the following is linked with the sweet spot?A. 15 percent accuracy.B. 50 percent accuracy.C. 85 percent accuracy.D. 100 percent right.13. Why did t
50、he researchers teach computers simple tasks?A. To find out where the sweet spot lies.B. To see how well computers carry out tasks.C. To compare the results of their experiments.D. To conduct some research on machine learning.14. What is the purpose of the examples mentioned in the last paragraph?A.
51、To teach what to do in the treatment of tumors.B. To teach how to determine there is a tumor.C. To help to remember what is learned.D. To help to learn how a tumor develops.15. According to the text, what is the most effective way of learning?A. Not taking failure too seriously.B. Learning through e
52、xperience and examples.C. Struggling a little bit, but not too much.D. Learning things that are completely new.【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了学习的“八五定律”。学习的“最佳点”是百分之八十五的正确率，百分之十五的失败率，也就是说这时的学习效果最佳。学习太容易或太难都会导致学不到多少知识。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段So where does the sweet spot lie? According to the
53、new study, its when failure occurs 15% of the time. Put another way, its when the right answer is given 85% of the time.可知那么，最佳点在哪里呢？根据这项新研究，失败发生的几率为15%。换句话说，就是85%的情况下给出了正确答案。由此可知，C选项“85%的准确率”与最佳点有关。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Researchers at the University of Arizona came up with the so-called 85% Rule af
54、ter conducting a series of machine-learning experiments in which they taught computers simple tasks, such as classifying different patterns into one of two categories.(亚利桑那大学的研究人员在进行了一系列机器学习实验后，提出了所谓的“85%规则”。在实验中，他们向计算机教授一些简单的任务，比如把不同的模式分成两类)；第五段The computers learned fastest in situations in which t
55、he difficulty was such that they responded with 85% accuracy.(在困难程度很高的情况下，计算机的反应速度最快，准确率达到85%)以及第六段If you have an error rate of 15% or accuracy of 85%, you are always maximizing your rate of learning in these two-choice tasks, said Professor Robert Wilson.( Robert Wilson教授说:“如果你的错误率为15%，准确率为85%，那么你总
56、是在最大化你的学习效率。”)由此可推知，研究人员教计算机简单的任务，是为了找出最佳点在哪里。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段You need examples to get better at figuring out theres a tumor in an image, Wilson said. If I give really easy examples, you get 100% right all the time and theres nothing left to learn. Youre not going to be taking as much from th
57、at as a situation where you are struggling a little hit. If I give really hard examples, youll he 50% correct and still not learning anything new, while if I give you something in between, you can he at this sweet spot where you are getting the most information from each particular example.可知“你需要例子来
58、更好地辨别图像中的肿瘤，” Wilson说。“如果我给出非常简单的例子，你总是100%正确，就没有什么要学的了。你不会从这种情况中获得更多，因为你在这种情况下只会受到很少的打击。如果我给出很难的例子，你会有50%的正确率，但仍然没有学到任何新东西，而如果我给出介于两者之间的例子，你就能从每个具体的例子中获得最多的信息。”由此可推知，最后一段提到的“examples”的目的是教会学生如何确定肿瘤的存在。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段If you have an error rate of 15% or accuracy of 85%, you are always maximi
59、zing your rate of learning in these two-choice tasks, said Professor Robert Wilson.可知Robert Wilson教授说:“如果你的错误率为15%，准确率为85%，那么你总是在最大化你的学习效率。”结合本文本文主要介绍了学习的“八五定律”。学习的“最佳点”是百分之八十五的正确率，百分之十五的失败率，也就是说这时的学习效果最佳。学习太容易或太难都会导致学不到多少知识。由此可推知，C选项“会有点挣扎，但不是太过分”是最有效的学习方法。故选C。第二节（共 5 小题; 每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文
60、后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Hunger Is Good for YouHunger is a feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food. It is accompanied by the desire to eat._16_ You eat when you feel hungry. Its this feeding process that has led to some of the many health problems were experiencing today. Foo
61、d timing, portion, and quality contribute to weight gain. You see, the body loves predictability _17_Thats why an eating schedule is necessary for weight loss._18_ Think of a newborn baby. It breastfeeds every 3 to 4 hours around the clock. Thats a perfect example of structured eating. Unfortunately
62、, despite having a 3-meal-a-day eating format, not everyone sticks to this. If you decide to lose weight, its necessary for you to add structure to your eating habits-eat all meals and snacks at the same time every day similar to a newborn baby.As your body begins adapting to the new structure, youl
63、l experience hunger pains, _19_ Instead, wait it out, stick to your schedule and let the body adapt. Youll be pleasantly surprised to notice hunger disappearing over 2 to 5 days. Where does hunger go? During the 2 to 5 days, hunger readjusts and t gets easier to plan. If you give in during the readj
64、ustment period, youll be stuck at always being hungry, losing weight.Creating the eating schedule will work wonders if youre also practicing portion control and eating the right food. _20_However, 80%of your weight loss is what you eat.A. Do remember not to panic.B. Exercising is good as well.C. Wha
65、t is an eating schedule?D. Proper eating helps with your health.E. Whats the easiest way to control hunger?F. It loves predicting perfectly portioned, well-timed meals.G. However, short-term hunger is great, especially if youre trying to lose weight.【答案】16. G 17. F 18. C 19. A 20. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文给我们
66、介绍了饥饿给我们带来的好处。【16题详解】根据空前“Hunger is a feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food. ” 可知，饥饿是由于缺乏食物而引起的不适或虚弱的感觉。此处作者讨论的是和饥饿相关的话题；结合选项可知，选项G. However, short-term hunger is great, especially if youre trying to lose weight.（然而，短期饥饿是很好的，特别是当你想减肥的时候）与前一句相对比，并引出下文。故选G项。【17题详解】根据前一句“You see, the
67、 body loves predictability.”可知，我们的身体喜欢可预测性。由此可知，空处将继续谈论与预测性相关的话题；故选项F. It loves predicting perfectly portioned, well-timed meals.（它喜欢预测完美分餐、适时的用餐。）符合语境。故选F项。【18题详解】根据上一句“Thats why an eating schedule is necessary for weight loss(这就是为什么饮食计划是减肥所必需的)”以及本段下文结构化饮食和饮食计划的例子，可知空处将介绍和饮食计划相关的话题。故选项C. What is a
68、n eating schedule?（什么是饮食计划？）符合语境。故选C项。【19题详解】根据空前“As your body begins adapting to the new structure, youll experience hunger pains”可知，当你的身体开始适应新的结构时，你会经历饥饿的痛苦；由此可知，空处会谈论如何处理这种情况，且后一句说“Instead, wait it out. ”可知本空讲的是不应该做的事。故选项A. Do remember not to panic.（记住不要惊慌）符合题意。故选A项。【20题详解】根据空前“Creating the eatin
69、g schedule will work wonders if youre also practicing portion control and eating the right food. ” 可知，如果你也在练习控制食物的份量和吃对食物，那么制定饮食计划会很有效果。由此可知，空处谈论其它有好处的做法；故选项B. Exercising is good as well.（运动也很好。）符合题意。故选B项。第一节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分, 满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。C
70、ompared with the children of a few decades back，todays children seem to be _21_：they enjoy better health owing to recent _22_in medicine and in public health care. They also enjoy all the _23_of modern life. Physically and materially. Todays children seem to be much better off than their predecessor
71、s. Nevertheless，_24_the improved standards of_25_，many children nowadays seem to be emotionally _26_since most parents are spending less time with their children，so little，in_27_，that many could _28_be called weekend parents. An increasing number of mothers are taking full-time jobs，_29_their childr
72、en in the care of baby-sitters or nurseries. Time has become a luxury few parents can _30_ because of the pressures of their work and the very brisk pace of life in our_31_society. On the other hand，these working parents can often well afford to _32_their children with the best food, clothes，toys an
73、d other_33_desires. But_34_to say, they fail to _35_the emotional requirements of their growing children. As a noted pediatrician（儿科医生）of the Medical and Health Department _36_，children need love，security, praise, recognition and responsibility. If these needs are not _37_，their development might be
74、 stunted（抑制）.Child psychologists all_38_that some illnesses and emotional disturbances _39_ to children are because of a lack of parental care. In the light of this，parents who really _40_ their children should be sure that there are good lines of communication between themselves and their children，
75、despite their heavy work loads.21. A. unhappierB. naughtierC. luckierD. richer22. A. inventionsB. discoveriesC. productsD. advances23. A. facilitiesB. comfortsC. pleasureD. appliances24. A. due toB. regardingC. in spite ofD. for25. A. housingB. caringC. livingD. earning26. A. deprivedB. poorC. fault
76、yD. shallow27. A. generalB. totalC. factD. truth28. A. wronglyB. rightlyC. totallyD. namely29. A. leavingB. entrustingC. lendingD. making30. A. spendB. affordC. wasteD. do31. A. passiveB. activeC. dangerousD. competitive32. A. buyB. offerC. provideD. give33. A. emotionalB. materialC. physicalD. inte
77、llectual34. A. happyB. sadC. luckyD. unfortunate35 A. showB. feelC. createD. satisfy36. A. explainsB. talksC. speaksD. says37. A. madeB. takenC. doneD. met38. A. argueB. tellC. admitD. disagree39. A. popularB. commonC. ordinaryD. pubic40. A. look afterB. bring upC. agree withD. care about【答案】21. C 2
78、2. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D【解析】本文为夹叙夹议文。与几十年前相比，如今的孩子能享受更好的医疗保障，享受更多现代生活带来的舒适。但他们似乎有好多东西被剥夺了。随着工作压力的增大，父母待在孩子身边似乎成为一种奢侈。作者呼吁父母应当更多地与孩子在一起，以满足孩子的情感需求。【21题详解】考查形容词辨析。unhappier不快乐的； naughtier调皮的；luckier幸运的；richer富有的。由后
79、文的enjoy better health可知现在的孩子似乎更幸运。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词辨析。inventions发明；discoveries发现； products产品；advances增长，进步。Advances可根据其他三个选项的内容。该句意思为“由于最近的医学进步和公共卫生保健，他们享有更好的健康”，可知D项符合题意。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。facilities设备；comforts使生活舒适的事物，舒适；pleasure愉悦； appliances 器具，器械。根据语境可知“他们也享受现代生活的舒适”，所以用comforts 指的“使生活舒适的事物”符合题意，故选B项
80、。【24题详解】考查短语辨析。句意：due to由于；regarding关于；in spite of尽管；for因为。根据上下文的内容可知，前后两句之间为让步关系，因此选C项。【25题详解】考查动名词辨析。housing住房；caring 关爱；living生活；earning生计，挣钱。根据上下文的内容可知是“生活水平提高了”，因此用standards of living，故选C项。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：然而，尽管生活水平提高了，现在许多孩子似乎在情感上被剥夺了，因为大多数父母花在孩子身上的时间减少了。deprived 被剥夺的；poor 穷的；. faulty有错误的，有过失
81、的；shallow肤浅的， 表面的。由上半句“因为大多数父母花在孩子身上的时间减少了”可推断出，现在许多孩子似乎在情感上被剥夺了。其它选项不符合题意，故选A项。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。in general一般地；in total 总计；in fact事实上；in truth真实地，实在。此处进一步说明父母与孩子在一起的时间少了，少到可将父母称之为“周末父母”，所以用in fact 来强调前面所说的父母陪伴孩子的时间少的可怜的事实。故选C项。【28题详解】考查副词辨析。wrongly错误地，不正确地；rightly正确地； totally完全地； namely即，也就是。说明将父母称为“
82、周末父母”很恰当，很准确。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词辨析。leaving 离开，剩下；entrusting委托，托付；lending借出；making制造。句中的“in the care of baby-sitters or nurseries”可知是将孩子留给他人照顾，所以用leaving，故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词辨析。spend 花费； afford负担的起；waste 浪费；do做。根据前面的a luxury可推测出本空应为afford , 意为“时间成了极少数父母能负担和起的奢侈品”，故选B项。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。passive被动的；active积极的，主动的
83、；dangerous 危险的；competitive竞争的，比赛的，有竞争力。根据前面的“because of the pressures of their work and the very brisk pace of life”可推断出我们处于一个竞争非常激烈的社会。所以选D项。【32题详解】考查固定搭配。provide sb. with sth.为固定搭配，意为“提供/供给某人某物”，其它选项后要接双宾语，不符合题意，故选C项。【33题详解】考查形容词辨析。emotional情感的；material物质的，重要的，肉体的；physical身体的，物质的；intellectual智力的，有
84、才智的。由前面提到的food, clothes, toys可知这些同属于物质的范畴，故选B项。【34题详解】考查形容词辨析。happy快乐的；sad悲伤的；lucky幸运的；unfortunate不幸的。根据上下文的语境可知，sad与后面的fail to正好呼应，表示悲哀的心情，故选B项。【35题详解】考查固定搭配。satisfy the requirements为固定搭配，意为“满足要求”。由后面的requirements，可知用satisfy。故选D项。【36题详解】考查动词辨析。explains解释，说明；talks会谈，谈话，为不及物的； speaks讲话，一般指讲的语言； says说
85、话的内容。根据上下文的语境可知，是对以上问题的解释。可知句意为：正如一位著名的儿科医生所解释的，儿童需要爱、安全、表扬、认可和责任。故选A项。【37题详解】考查固定搭配。meet the need为固定搭配，意为“满足需要”。本句之意为“他们的需要得不到满足，他们的发展就可能会受到抑制”，meet为“满足”，因此D项符合题意，选D项。【38题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：儿童心理学家都承认，儿童常见的一些疾病和情绪障碍是由于缺乏父母的照顾。argue争论，争吵；tell讲，告诉；admit承认；disagree反对。由上文可知，即他们都承认, 也就是说心理医生的意见与此是一致的。故选C项。【39题
86、详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：儿童心理学家都承认，儿童常见的一些疾病和情绪障碍是由于缺乏父母的照顾。 popular流行的；common常见的，共同的； ordinary普通的； pubic公共的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词短语辨析。 look after 照顾；bring up抚养； agree with同意； care about担心，在乎，关心。 根据医生所说的，真的关心孩子的父母应该保证与孩子之间的有良好的交流，无论工作有多忙，都要与孩子沟通。分析选项可知，选D项第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填
87、入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving. Frequently, it _41_(refer) to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” relates _42_ the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So _43_ (be) “in th
88、e black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing, a return to profits.Black Friday is the big day for many retailers, and it presents the shopper an opportunity _44_(get) all of ones holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day, most retailers will open very early
89、 _45_ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products, while a great number of holiday shoppers will get an early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores, _46_ is another idea of a “Black Friday”，_47_ day they do not
90、 like. It used to be the _48_(busy) shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress _49_(involve) in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas _50_ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.【答案】41. is referred 42. to 43. being 44. to get
91、45. and 46. which 47. a 48. busiest 49. involved 50. has seen【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了感恩节后的第二天“黑色星期五”，在这一天，商场都会推出大量的打折和优惠活动，在年底进行最后一次大规模的促销。【41题详解】考查动词。句意：它经常被称为黑色星期五。refer to.as.为固定短语，意为“称呼为”，主语it和refer to是被动关系，描述事实用一般现在时，it是第三人称单数，谓语用单数。故填is referred。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：“黑色”一词的使用与商业会计有关。relate to为固定短语，意为“和
92、.有关”。故填to。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，在感恩节后的星期五“盈利”意味着一件好事，及利润的恢复。分析句子结构，means为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词，the Friday和be为主谓关系，需填动名词作主语。故填being。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：黑色星期五是许多零售商的大日子，它给购物者一个机会，以惊人的价格一次性完成所有的假日购物。名词opportunity后面需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：在那一天，大多数零售商会很早开门，通常会为他们的产品提供巨大且有吸引力的折扣，而大量的假日购物者会一大早就开始圣诞购物。分析
93、句子结构，该句有两个谓语动词will open和provide，可判断该句为并列句，用and连接两个并列谓语。故填and。【46题详解】考查定语从句。句意：黑色星期五也意味着人们要面对拥挤的商店，这是“黑色星期五”的另一个概念，也是他们不喜欢的一天。分析句子结构，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为people face crowded stores，为事物，只能用which引导。故填which。【47题详解】考查冠词。句意：黑色星期五也意味着人们要面对拥挤的商店，这是“黑色星期五”的另一个概念，也是他们不喜欢的一天。7 day they do not like是前文的同位语，表示泛指。故填a。【
94、48题详解】考查形容词。句意：这曾经是一年中最繁忙的购物日。许多人都避免在这个购物日购物，因为在拥挤的人群中有压力。根据前文the可知，该空应用形容词的比较级形式。故填busiest。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这曾经是一年中最繁忙购物日。许多人都避免在这个购物日购物，因为在拥挤的人群中有压力。分析句子结构，avoid为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词，involve和stress为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填involved。【50题详解】考查时态。句意：近年来，圣诞节前的周六是最大的购物人群。根据in the recent years可知，该句为现在完成时，结构为：have/ha
95、s done，主语the Saturday为单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填has seen。【点睛】第四部分 英语写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错(共 10 分)51. 假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。One of my happi
96、est childhood memories were having dinner with my parents and two sisters. As a result, found that we seldom had a chance to get together, we decide we would set aside three evenings the week for a sit-down dinner. First we tried setting three fixed days for our experiment Mondays, Wednesdays or Fri
97、days. After a couple of week of trying this plan, almost everyone was unhappy. For a while, the kids began to resist the idea. They said they would rather spend the time with our friends or join in some activities. Gradually, though, they began to see these evenings together in a very different way.
98、 We laughed a lot and we discussed about each others problems. A few months later, we all felt that we had been able to build much strong relationships with the family than we had before and we would have a more harmonious life.【答案】1.werewas 2. foundhaving found 或 finding 3. decide-decided 4. thea 5
99、.orand 6.weekweeks 7. ourtheir 8.去掉 about 9.strongstronger 10. and we 之间加that【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了定期和家人一起吃饭聚餐是快乐的。【详解】1. 考查主谓一致。句意：我最快乐的童年记忆之一是和父母和两个姐妹一起吃晚饭。 主语是one of，指多个中的一个，谓语动词应用单数形式。故将were改为was。2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：结果，我们发现我们很少有机会在一起，于是我们决定每周抽出三个晚上来坐下来吃晚餐。分析句子可知，该句已有动词had，此处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语we与find之间为主谓关系，应
100、用现在分词形式作状语，根据句意可知，“发现”这一动作可以与谓语同时发生，也可先于谓语发生，强调其先后顺序，因此该句可以为现在分词的一般式或完成式。故将found改为having found或finding。3. 考查时态。句意：结果，我们发现我们很少有机会在一起，我们决定每周抽出三个晚上来坐下来吃晚餐。根据前文had可知，该句为一般过去时。故将decide改为decided。4. 考查冠词。句意：结果，我们发现我们很少有机会在一起，我们决定每周抽出三个晚上来坐下来吃晚餐。根据句意“一周的三个晚上”应用three evenings a week表达。故将the改为a。5. 考查连词。句意：首先，
101、我们试着设定三个固定的试验日星期一、星期三和星期五。根据前文“three evenings a week”可知，Fridays，Mondays和Wednesdays之间为并列关系，应用and连接。故将or改为and。6. 考查名词。句意：经过几个星期的尝试，几乎每个人都不高兴。a couple of意为“一对，几个”，修饰名词的复数。故将week改为weeks。7. 考查代词。句意：他们说他们宁愿花时间和朋友在一起或参加一些活动。该句主语为They，结合句意可知，此处应为“他们的朋友”。故将our改为their。8. 考查动词。句意：我们开怀大笑，讨论彼此的问题。discuss表示“讨论”，是
102、及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。故去掉about。9. 考查形容词。句意：几个月后，我们都感到我们能够与家庭建立比以前更牢固的关系，我们将有一个更和谐的生活。根据much和than可知，此处用比较级，故将strong改为stronger。10. 考查宾语从句。句意：几个月后，我们都感到我们能够与家庭建立比以前更牢固的关系，我们将有一个更和谐的生活。分析句子可知，该句为宾语从句，两个宾语从句并列，由and连接，第一个that可以省略,第二个也就是and之后的that一定不可以省略。故在and we之间加that。【点睛】第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分）52. 目前，电子产品已经成为我们日常生活的一部
103、分，从而导致学生的汉字书写能力降低。为了保护传统民族文化汉字，校学生会提出倡议。请你根据以下内容提示，以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封英文倡议书。内容要点：1. 多读书，勤记笔记；2. 养成练书写和写日记的习惯；3. 自拟一项其他方面的倡议内容。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：汉字 Chinese character_【答案】Dear friends, In recent years, with the popularity of digital devices, students pay little attention to their handwriting. As a result,
104、 their handwriting is not so good as it was in the past. In order to protect our Chinese characters and write both nicely and neatly, wed like to offer some suggestions.Firstly, spend less time online so that we can have more time to read and take notes. Moreover, wed better form the habit of practi
105、cing handwriting and keeping diaries every day. Besides, it is better to write to our relatives and friends rather than send e-mails. As the saying goes, “The style is the man.” Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. So please attach great importance to our handwriting in futur
106、e.Lets take action now!Students Council【解析】【分析】本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封英文倡议书，倡议同学们保护传统民族文化汉字。【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一封倡议书，要求考生以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封英文倡议书，倡议同学们保护传统民族文化汉字，文章中说明采取的具体措施。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。第2步：组织要点。1. 多读书，勤记笔记；2. 养成练书写和写日记的习惯；3. 其他方面的倡议内容：经常写信给亲戚朋友。第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为attach great
107、importance to、pay little attention to handwriting、protect Chinese characters、offer some suggestions、spend less time online、practice handwriting and keep diaries、write to our relatives and friends等。写作时注意倡议书的格式和惯用语。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，
108、涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如pay little attention to、Chinese characters、practice handwriting、be beneficial to等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如非限制性定语从句As the saying goes, “The style is the man.”结果状语从句spend less time online so that we can have more time to read and take notes. 同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，如firstly、moreover等，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
