1、第二讲词性与句子成分的关系词类又称词性，由不同词类的单词，按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫作句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成，这些部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。主语1名词作主语典例1(2019安徽知名示范高中检测)The_innovative,_eggshaped_pods ensure travelers can camp in the most extreme corners of the world, with all the luxury of a hotel room.这种创新的，鸡蛋形状
2、的吊舱能够确保旅行者在世界极端角落的地方宿营，拥有酒店房间的所有奢华。典例2 (2019甘肃静宁县第一中学月考)Set up in the late 1950s, our_school has a history of nearly 70 years.建于20世纪50年代末，我们学校将近70年历史。2代词作主语典例3(2019洛阳高三统考)I thought how wonderful it would be if there was an organization offering volunteer help.我认为如果有一个组织主动提供义务帮助，该是多么好啊。典例4(2019福建莆田市第
3、二十四中学月考) Some are in favor of the idea; however, others are strongly against it.一些人赞成这个主意。不过，另外一些人强烈反对。3动词不定式作主语典例5(2019皖南八校第一次联考)It is essential to_take_a_useful_summer_vacation after the exam.考试之后，很有必要去度过一个有意义的暑假。典例6(2019广东佛山第一中学期中) To_love_and_to_be_loved is the greatest happiness one can get.爱与被
4、爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。4动名词短语作主语典例7(2019日照高三联合检测)Protecting_the_environment is the theme of the show.保护环境是这次展览的主题。典例8(2019广西桂林第十八中学月考)It is a waste of time persuading_such_a_person to join us.劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。5从句作主语典例9(2019呼和浩特高三调研)What_attracted_the_public_most was the singing and dancing performances on Frid
5、ay afternoon.最吸引人们的是周五下午的唱歌和舞蹈表演。典例10(2019贵州安顺市期末)That_you_are_coming_to_London_is the best news I have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。谓语1动词作谓语典例11(2019南宁、柳州第二次联考)Our families cannot afford to buy us new apartments, cars, let alone diamond rings.我们家支付不起买新公寓、新车的费用，更不用说钻石戒指了。典例12(2019海南儋州市第一中
6、学统测)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.虽然只有20里的距离，但是周一的早晨，通常要花费我半个小时的时间开车去单位。2动词短语作谓语典例13(2019成都高中诊断)Energygiving food, bodybuilding food and protective food make_up a balanced diet.均衡的饮食由提供能量、增强体质的食物和保护身体的食物构成。典例14(2019河北保定二
7、模)Dont get_off the bus until it has stopped!等车停了再下车。3情态动词动词构成的合成谓语典例15(2019安徽八校高三第一次考试)Third, we should_take more exercise to keep healthy.第三，我们应该多锻炼保持健康。典例16(2019广东模拟)You must_stay_at_home if it rains tomorrow.如果明天下雨，你必须等在家里。4助动词动词构成的合成谓语典例17(2019河南联考)We have_been_working for ten hours since we wer
8、e_brought here.自从我们被带到这里来已经连续干了十个小时的活了。典例18(2019沧州联考)The mayor says that all construction work will_have_been_completed by 2020.市长说所有的建筑工程将在2020年完成。宾语1名词作宾语典例19(2019日照高三联合考试)Lack of interest can also lead to absentmindedness.缺少兴趣也会导致走思。典例20(2019洛阳市新安县第一中学期中)Do you fancy a_drink?你想喝一杯吗？2不定式作宾语典例21(20
9、19福州四校高三联考)People liked to_walk_out_of their houses to chat together.人们喜欢走出房子一起聊天。典例22(2019河南新乡市期中)Does she really mean to_leave_home?她真的要离开家吗？3动名词短语作宾语典例23(2019南宁二中第一次考试)The water there was so clear that I even could see the fish swimming.这里的水如此的清澈以至于我能看见鱼儿在游泳。典例24(2019黑龙江大庆实验中学月考)She found it usel
10、ess arguing_with_him.她发现和他争论没有用。4从句作宾语典例25(2019成都高中毕业班质量检测)Ive found out that_Americans_are_loud!我发现美国人很吵闹。典例26(2019哈尔滨师范大学附属中学月考)I hate it when_they_say_with_their_mouths_full_of_food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。表语1名词作表语典例27(2019武汉高中毕业生测试)The Sunday was the_first_day when I played with my older sister.那个周日是我和我姐姐一
11、起玩的第一天。典例28(2019鹤岗市第一中学期中)It turned out that the experiment was a_success.结果实验成功了。2介词短语作表语典例29(2019洛阳市第二次统考)Several minutes passed but the whole class was in_complete_silence.几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。典例30(2019牡丹江市第一中学期末)I think good books are of_great_value_to_students.我认为好书对学生非常有价值。3不定式短语作表语典例31(2019大连市高三
12、一模)The important thing is to_learn_and_control_your_temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret.最重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你可能就不会做出让自己后悔的事、说出让自己后悔的话了。典例32(2019双鸭山第一中学期中)Our aim is to_help_them_to_get_out_of_the_trouble.我们的目的是帮忙他们摆脱困境。4动名词短语作表语典例33(2019新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)My job is teaching_these_child
13、ren_to_swim.我的工作就是教这些孩子游泳。典例34(2019公主岭市期末考试)The only thing that interests her is cooking_for_her_daughter.她唯一感兴趣的事是为她女儿做饭。5从句作表语典例35(2019昆明高三复习教学质量检测)That small town is where_we_lived_when_we_were_young.那个小镇就是我们小时候住的地方。典例36(2019江西高安中学月考)The question is whether_they_will_be_able_to_help_us.问题是他们是否能够帮
14、助我们。定语1形容词作定语典例37(2019山西八校高三第一次联考)Above all, I hope all of us can have a pleasant vacation.尤为重要的是，我希望我们都有一个愉快的假期。典例38(2019南昌市第二中学月考)He is so shy a boy that he cant stand speaking in front of the class.他是如此害羞的一个男孩以至于他不能忍受在全班同学面前说话。2介词短语作定语典例39(2019贵州适应性考试)The old man, with_thick_glasses_on_his_nose,_
15、is a pianist.这位戴深度眼镜的老人是一位钢琴家。典例40(2019大连市24中月考)The teacher in_the_classroom is from America. 教室里面的那位老师来自美国。3不定式作定语典例41(2019青海学业水平检测)We need someone to_help with the work.我们需要有人来帮忙干这份工作。典例42(2019辽河油田高级中学期中)The bridge to_be_built here will bring great convenience to the local people.这里将要建起的桥会给当地人带来很大
16、的便利。4现在分词作定语典例43(2019兰州高三诊断考试)After years of hard work，the writer finally had his book finished dealing_with_farming_methods.经过多年的努力，这位作者写的那本关于耕作方法的书终于完成了。典例44(2019内蒙古包钢第一中学适应性考试)The meeting being_held will greatly affect the future of our company.正在举行的会议将对我们公司将来的发展产生重大影响。5过去分词作定语典例45(2018河北“五个一名校联盟
17、” 高三考试)Soldiers came to rescue those buried under the ruins.战士们去援救埋在废墟下的人们。典例46(2019集宁一中期末考试)Local people invited to attend a meeting are very pleased to share their experience.受邀请参加会议的当地人非常乐意分享他们的经验。6从句作定语典例47(2018福州四校高三联考)At that time, the trees there were very green, which left a deep impression
18、on me.那时，那里的树是很绿的，这给我留下了深刻的印象。典例48(2019宁夏银川一中期中)This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。状语1副词作状语典例49(2018石家庄质检一)A huge number of people accept mobile payment, mostly through popular apps Alipay and WeChat.大量的人接受移动支付，大多数人用流行的支付宝支付和微信支付。典例50(2019青海西宁第四高
19、级中学月考)I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.如果他不再次告诉我，我几乎把那事全忘了。2介词短语作状语典例51(2019贵阳适应性考试)Thanks_to_your_advice,_we completed the project on time.多亏了你的建议，我们按时完成了工程。典例52(2019山东滨州期末考试) The game was postponed because_of_the_rain.因为下雨运动会被推迟了。3不定式作状语典例53(2018合肥高三第一次质量检测)The last day is
20、usually for the young people to play games as a way to_express their love for each other.通常最后一天是年轻人玩游戏，这是作为彼此表达爱意的一种方式。典例54 (2019荷泽市期末考试)He searched the room only_to_find nothing.他搜查了整个房间什么也没有找到。4现在分词作状语典例55(2018重庆高三调研)At the top of Haleakala, looking down inside what is the most active part of the
21、volcano ，we can see that the volcano has left thousands of different shapes of lava (熔岩)stone ever since.从哈来亚咔国家公园高处往下看，里面是最活跃的火山，我们能看到火山留下的许多的熔岩。 典例56(2019山东济宁第一中学调研)Mary stood at the school gate waiting_for Betty.玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。5过去分词作状语典例57(2019成都二诊)Seen_from_the_hill,_the city looks very beautiful.从
22、山上看，这座城市看起来非常漂亮。典例58 (2019日照市第一次模拟) Having_seen the film twice, I refused his invitation to see the film.看过两次了，我拒绝了他邀请我去看这部电影。6独立主格结构作状语典例59(2019合肥第二次教学质量检测)Time_permitting,_we will answer your questions after the discussion.(If time permits.)如果时间允许的话，我们讨论之后会回答你的问题。典例60(2019山西大学附属中学诊断)My shoes remov
23、ed,_I entered a lowceilinged room. 我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间。7从句作状语典例61(2018泰安统考)Not_until_I_began_to_work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到开始工作，我才认识到我已虚度了多少光阴。典例62(2019沁县中学期中考试) When_he_arrived_in_Shanghai,_ his mother met him at the station.他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。补足语1名词作补足语典例63(2019南昌一模)They called him
24、 the_prince_of_gymnasts.他们称他为体操王子。典例64(2019太原市第五中学月考)My father names my pet Lily.爸爸给我的宠物起名叫莉莉。2形容词作补足语典例65(2019广州普通高中综合测试)As time went by，I was made smaller.随着时间的推移，我被做得越来越小。典例66(2019西安中学适应性考试)I find learning English difficult.我发现学习英语很难。3介词短语作补足语典例67(2019大连双基测试)Grammar from African languages is foun
25、d in_some_varieties_of_English.非洲语言的语法现象出现在一些英语变体中。典例68(2019榆林市高三模拟)I found the old building in_a_bad_condition.我发现这个古建筑情况堪忧。4不定式作补足语典例69(2018广州市高三调研)We all helped the staff to_finish cutting the weeds by the lake.我们帮助工作人员去完成剪去河边的草的任务。典例70(2019成都市期末调研)We consider Tom to_be one of the best students i
26、n our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。5现在分词作补足语典例71(2019郑州第二次质量预测)I saw him passing_my_house_every_day.我每天都看到他经过我家。典例72(2019资阳中学月考)We can see_steam_rising from the wet clothes.我们能够看见蒸汽从这些湿衣服上升起来。6过去分词作补足语典例73(2019陕西榆林月考)Ill have my house painted tomorrow.我明天将把我的房子粉刷一下。典例74(2019拉萨中学月考)I heard the song sung i
27、n English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。同位语1名词作同位语典例75(2019湖北省高三联考)Henry Clay Frick, a_rich_New_Yorker,_died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.亨利克莱弗里克是纽约的一位富豪，1919年去世后，把他的住宅、家具以及艺术收藏品都留给了美国人民。典例76(2019新疆实验中学期末)They invited our family, father,_mother_and_me,_to their count
28、ry house.他们邀请我们一家人，爸爸、妈妈和我一起去他们郊区的房子。2数词作同位语典例77(2019江西八所中学联考)They three want to travel around the world together on foot.他们三个想一起徒步周游世界。典例78(2019云南昆明市第一中学期末)You two clean these seats.你们两个打扫这些位子。3从句作同位语典例79(2019济南高三模拟考试)I hold the view that_we_should_go_to_help_them(to)_overcome_the_present_difficulty.我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。典例80(2019重庆第八中学期中)She expressed her hope that_they_would_come_to_China_one_day.她表达了她的希望，他们将来会来到中国。