1、专题三阅读理解第一讲直接细节理解题Step1 典题感悟高考名题这样考(2019全国卷)Need a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and o
2、nline tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who i
3、s eligible: Youth 1518 years old in select communities(社区)Summer CompanySummer Company provides students with handson business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Range
4、r ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer
5、Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a di
6、sability.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期能找到工作。1What is special about Summer Company?AIt requires no training before employment.BIt provides awards for running new businesses.CIt allows one to work in the natural environment.DIt offers more summer job opportunities.解析细节理解题。根据Summer Company
7、部分中的“Summer Company provides students with. awards of up to $ 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3 000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“running new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。答案B2What is the age range requir
8、ed by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A1518. B1524.C1529. D1617.解析细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在1617岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D
9、。答案D3Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Youth Ranger Program.DSummer Employment Opportunities.解析细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)部分中的最后一段的内容，可知有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知， D项符合题意，故选D。答案DStep2 题型分析考情特征把握好一、全国卷三年考情分析年份卷别A篇B篇C篇D篇直接细节理解题2019全国卷广告教育科学技术研究发现2个全国
10、卷文化生活志愿者工作社会文化生活文化教育3个全国卷广告社会文化社会文化实验3个2018全国卷观光指南大众生活语言文化社会生活2个全国卷广告健康饮食学习策略人际交往3个全国卷旅游指南城市发展中国建筑小孩子对待物品(玩具)的态度3个2017全国卷新闻广告个人经历音乐文化科普说明2个全国卷新闻广告人际关系科普知识科普知识2个全国卷新闻广告社会文化人与自然科普知识2个命题趋势阅读理解通常以考查说明文、记叙文和应用文居多，题材以个人经历、人物故事、介绍说明、社会文化、新闻广告等为主，内容更贴近生活、贴近时代；而在题型方面，会以细节理解题为主。二、常见设问方式1特殊疑问句形式。以when, where,
11、what, which, who, how much/how many等疑问词引出的问题。2判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的单词。做题时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not, never等。3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _. 三、正误选项特征1正确选项特征(1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，变成正确选项。(2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，
12、给考生制造障碍。(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，变成正确选项。(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达，变成正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。2干扰选项特征(1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换掉，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。(2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。(3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。(4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所述细节却与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。(5)文不对题。这类选项最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致
13、，确实属于原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。(6)符合常识，但不是文章内容。(7)部分正确，部分错误。Step3 增分攻略献计献策献妙招细节理解题不难，匹配信息是关键。信息语句哪里找？字里行间与题干。两相内容细比对，或同或近或相关。各方因素均匹配，毫不迟疑定答案。直接信息题的审题、解题流程第一步依据题干信息，定位关键词语细节理解题中的直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查，且题目相对简单，所以，不必通篇细读全文，可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息。第二步依据关键词语，定位文中信息确定了定位关键词后，运用略读及
14、寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，回到原文进行信息定位，然后将选项内容与原文信息比对，得出正确答案。典例(2018全国卷)Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before c
15、hoices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure(OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number o
16、f activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoorenvironment.Mr.Clemens140WW Battlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World
17、 War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson425Crafty Fo
18、xes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations. Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode30Potty about Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay ove
19、rnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake150语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，是一则有关暑期活动的广告，该广告主要向学生们推荐了四个不同风格的活动
20、。Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?AOUT. BWBP.CCRF. DPOT.解析第一步：依据题干信息，定位关键词 仔细阅读题干可知题干中的go camping是关键词，即为本题的定位关键词。第二步：由定位关键词，回原文进行信息定位带着“go camping”这些定位关键词，通过寻读、略读等技巧可快速在原文中找到Outdoor Adventure (OUT)活动栏目中的“wild camping”呼应，根据此句，我们可以确定答案为A项。答案AStep4 刷题训练练稳练准练速度A(2019白银市靖远县期末考试)Ex
21、ercise is known to benefit peoples mental health, but scientists recently discovered that too much exercise may have a negative effect on it.The researchers studied about 1.2 million people in the United States in 2013, 2015 and 2017. The participants, on average, experienced 3.4 days of poor mental
22、 health each month. Those who did exercise experienced 1.5 fewer days of poor mental health per month, compared to those who didnt exercise at all. The team found that people who exercised for 30 to 60 minutes three to five times a week had the best mental health, but those who exercised for more th
23、an three hours had worse mental health than those who didnt exercise at all.The scientists think that people who exercise so much may experience poorer mental health because that much exercise can be a sign of obsessive(强迫症患者) behaviors that have been associated with poor emotional and psychological
24、 outcomes. However, the only mental health disorder that the researchers looked at was depression.Among those who had been diagnosed with depression, people who did exercise experienced 3.75 fewer negative mental health days than those who did not, showing an ever greater difference. According to th
25、e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7.6 percent of people in the US age 12 and over have depression. While all types of exercise appeared to help with mental health, cycling, gymbased exercise and team sports were the most beneficial.The team also looked at more specific factors, like educ
26、ation. People with a college education reported 17.8 percent fewer days of poor mental health than those without that level education. Additionally, people in a healthy BMI(体重指数) range reported a 4 percent reduction in poor mental health days than those whose BMIs were high. Even salary was a factor
27、: compared to people with lower salaries, those with higher salaries experienced a 17 percent reduction in poor mental health days.The study showed that exercise can help with mental health, but that in some cases, limiting it may be necessary.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲述科学家最近发现，过度锻炼可能会对心理健康产生负面影响，研究还发现
28、其他影响心理健康的因素。1What did the study find?APeople should do exercise three to five times a month.BToo much exercise may affect peoples mental health.CThe more exercise people do, the healthier body they have.DPeople who do exercise have problems in mental health.解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容可知，科学家最近发现，过度锻炼可能会对心理健康产生
29、负面影响。故选B。答案B2Which of the following sports benefits peoples mental health most according to the text?ASkiing.BFootball.CMountain climbing.DMotorcycle racing.解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“While all types of exercise appeared to help with mental health, cycling, gymbased exercise and team sports were the most b
30、eneficial.”可知，骑车，体操运动和团队运动是最有益的，足球运动是团队运动之一，从而可以推断出足球运动最有益于人们的心理健康。故选B。答案B3How many factors that affect mental health are mentioned in the text?ATwo. BThree.CFive. DFour.解析细节理解题。根据全文可知，文章提及到4个影响心理健康的因素：exercise(锻炼)，education(教育)，BMI range(体重指数范围)和salary(薪水)。故选D。答案D4What can we infer from the text?AW
31、e must reduce our time of doing regular exercise.BMost American children have mental health problems.CDoing exercise reasonably is beneficial to relieving depression.DThe men who dont do exercise have the worst mental health.解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Among those who had been diagnosed with depression, peop
32、le who did exercise experienced 3.75 fewer negative mental health days than those who did not, showing an ever greater difference.”可知，患抑郁症的人锻炼要比不锻炼的人经历的负面心理健康天数少3.75天，所以合理地运动有助于缓解抑郁症。故选C。答案CB(2019甘肃师范大学附属中学月考)Not all think laughter is the best medicine, but it seems to help. So scientists carried on
33、 a new study of diabetes(糖尿病) patients who were given a good dose of humor for a year to prove it.Researchers divided 20 highrisk diabetic patients into two groups. Both groups were given standard diabetes medicine. Group L viewed 30 minutes of humor of their choice，while Group C，the control group，d
34、id not. This went on for a year of treatments.By two months into the study，the patients in the laughter group had lower level of the hormones epinephrine(肾上腺素)，considered to cause stress，which is known to be deadly. After the 12 months, HDL_cholesterol rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent
35、in Group CIn another measure，Creactive proteins，a maker of heart disease，drop 66 percent in the laughter group but only 26 percent in the control group.“The best doctors believe that there is a physical good brought about by the positive emotion，happy laughter，”said study leader Lee Berk of Loma Lin
36、da University. And a other research has found that humor makes us more hopeful. Still，more study is needed，Berk said. The research by Berk found that humor can bring about similar changes in body chemistry，which was proved in the new study. The research result will be presented this month at the mee
37、ting in the US. Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine shows that laughter causes the inner lining of blood vessels to expand，increasing blood flow in a way thought to be healthy.“Lifestyle choices have an important effect on health and these are choices which we and patients shou
38、ld pay attention to，rather than prevention and treatment，”Berk said in a statement this week.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对糖尿病患者进行的一项新的研究：一组给予幽默，让他们笑，而另一组没有，进行为期一年的实验证实，笑对我们的健康有好处，但不是防止和治疗疾病的方法。5Why did the scientists carry on the new research?ATo find out if laughter was good to health.BTo discover the
39、best medicine to cure diabetes.CBecause the number of diabetic patients is the largest in the world.DBecause diabetic patients need more laughter than other patients.解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Not all think laughter is the best medicine, but it seems to help. So scientists carried on a new study of diabetes(糖尿病)
40、 patients who were given a good dose of humor for a year to prove it.”可知，科学家们进行这个研究是为了证实笑是否对健康有益，故选A。答案A6After 12 months into the study，_.ACreactive proteins increase 66 percent in Group CBthe level of the hormones epinephrine stays the same in both groupsCthe level of the hormones epinephrine has d
41、roppedDCreactive proteins reduced 66 percent in Group L解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“After the 12 months，HDL_cholesterol rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent in Group CIn another measure，Creactive proteins，a maker of heart disease，drop 66 percent in the laughter group but only 26 percent in the control g
42、roup.”可知，12个月后，L组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上升了26%，而C组只有3%。在另一项测量中，反应蛋白，一种心脏病的制造者，在笑组中下降了66%，但在对照组中只有26%。由此可排除B、C，根据本段的第一句话可排除A，故选D。答案D7The underlined part“HDL cholesterol”in Paragraph 3 must be _.Asomething bad to our healthBsomething good to our healthCa kind of wonderful medicineDa kind of dangerous disease解析词义猜测题
43、。根据上下文及本句“After the 12 months, HDL_cholesterol rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent in Group C”句意：12个月后，L组的_ 上升了26%，而C组只上升了3%。可推测出，画线词应该指的是对身体有益的一种东西，故选B。答案B8In what way does laughter benefit peoples health?ABlood is made thick by laughter.BLaughter makes blood vessels thin.CLaughter incre
44、ases blood pressure.DLaughter makes blood flow fast.解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine shows that laughter causes the inner lining of blood vessels to expand，increasing blood flow in a way thought to be healthy.”可知，笑可以使血管内壁扩张，促进血液循环，从而促进身体健康，故选D。答案D专题强化训练(十七).阅读
45、理解A(2019会宁县第一中学期中)Last Sunday, my whole family went to the amusement park near our hometown. As we planned the day before, on my brothers 13th birthday. David was two years older than I.The weather was perfect and everyone was happy. The park was not too crowded.“Fioda，”said my brother，“do you want
46、to go on that ride with me？”“Of course，”I said. The ride was brand new. I saw commercials(广告) for this huge roller coaster(过山车) on television. I was so excited to ride it. As we got in line, we talked excitedly about what we might experience. We decided that we would both try to keep our hands in th
47、e air the whole time. We believed that would make it even more enjoyable. I was so busy talking to my brother that I missed the most important sign, empty your pockets before going on the ride. Something bad happened!The ride started. It was a really fast roller! Before I knew it, we were upside dow
48、n. I felt my phone slipping(滑落) from my pocket. My hands were in the air, just as we had promised, and I didnt catch my phone in time. It hit me on the head, fell down to the ground and broke. My parents said I wouldnt have a new phone until I had enough money to pay for it. I need to be more carefu
49、l. Next time, Ill pay better attention to the warning signs as we wait in line for the ride.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。上周日Fiona和家人一起去游乐场游玩，在乘坐过山车的时候摔坏了手机，这让她非常懊恼。1Last Sunday, Fiona _.Awas 13 years oldBwas invited to townCwent to an amusement parkDprepared for Davids birthday party解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Last Sunday, m
50、y whole family went to the amusement park near our hometown.”可知上个星期天作者全家都去了游乐场。故C项正确。答案C2Fiona got to know the new ride from_.Asign Bthe televisionCher parents Dher brother解析细节理解题。根据第二段“I saw commercials(广告) for this huge roller coaster(过山车) on television.”可知作者是从电视上的广告里了解这个过山车的。故B项正确。答案B3What does t
51、he underlined word“that”in Paragraph 2 refer to?ATo keep hands in the air.BTo empty our pockets.CTo talk excitedly.DTo miss the sign.解析推理判断题。根据第二段“We decided that we would both try to keep our hands in the air the whole time. We believed_that_ would make it even more enjoyable.”可知他们决定双手一直放在空中，认为这样做会
52、更加有趣。句中指示代词that指代前面一句中的“keep our hands in the air”，故A项正确。答案A4When did Fionas phone break?ABefore she went on the ride.BRight after she got off the ride.CWhile she was enjoying the ride.DShortly after she arrived home.解析细节理解题。根据第三段“My hands were in the air, just as we had promised, and I didnt catch
53、my phone in time. It hit me on the head, fell down to the ground and broke.”可知手机摔坏的时候，他们还在过山车上。故C项正确。答案CB(2019兰州一中期中考试)The China Daily newspaper group is looking for Englishlanguage senior business editors，senior copy editors，copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team.We
54、 offer a competitive salary package，free accommodation with utilities paid for,90 percent medical reimbursement，a sevenday paid leave，elevenday public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.Senior Business EditorYou must：assist the business editor in setting goals and working on ac
55、hieving them；be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff；ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails；have had at least five years editing e
56、xperience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.Senior Copy EditorYou must：work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；edit or rewrite copy and give smart headlines and captions；have had at least two years
57、editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.Copy EditorYou must：be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing smart headlines and captions；be able to work on shifts for different pages，and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print；have two
58、years of editing experience working on copy desks，and be familiar with industry software.Graphic DesignerYou must：have excellent skills in information graphics；be good at illustrations and freehand drawings；be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts；have a good sense of typography；have good new
59、s judgment；be skilled in Macintosh software，including in Design，Illustrator and Photoshop；be fluent in English.For enquiries or to apply，write to job .语篇解读：这是一篇广告布告类阅读。本文是个招聘广告，写出了每个职位的具体要求。5What is the purpose of this passage?ATo describe the positions of the China Daily newspaper group.BTo describ
60、e the working conditions of the China Daily newspaper group.CTo advertise for hiring some good employees.DTo tell you how to become good editors and designers.解析写作意图题。根据第一段“The China Daily newspaper group is looking for Englishlanguage senior business editors，senior copy editors，copy editors and gra
61、phic designers to strengthen its international team.”可知本文是个招聘广告，写出了每个职位的具体要求，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是登广告寻找一些好的员工，故选C。答案C6What is not required about Graphic Designer?ABeing good at Photoshop.BHaving excellent skills in information graphics.CHaving a good sense of typography.DWriting smart headlines and captions
62、.解析细节理解题。 根据Graphic Designer部分的内容可知美术设计员对于写巧妙的头条和题注这一点，并没有要求，故选D。答案D7How many positions need editing experience?ATwo. BOne.CThree. DFour.解析细节理解题。通过阅读文章，可知Senior Business Editor，Senior Copy Editor，Copy Editor这三份工作需要有编辑经历，故选C。答案C.七选五阅读填空(2019天水一中开学考试)Avoid Internet Addiction_1_ Many people suffer from
63、 addition to the Internet and have a hard time paying attention to the important things around them.How can we prevent ourselves from going online too much?Admit you have an addition. _2_ Realize more and more people in the world are becoming addicted.You are not the only one with the problem.Do not
64、 be embarrassed; find others with the same problem and help each other beat it.Limit your computer time.Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. Before using your computer，decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes.Set the clock and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is u
65、p. _3_Try using the computer at the library.You wont be as attracted to look at certain websites and they do have a limit on how long you can stay online. _4_ So you wont be as attracted to be on the Internet as at home.5_ Go for a run with a friend or get exercise some other way. Keep up with the l
66、ocal events in your neighborhood. There may be talks, films, concerts and sports events etc. Find some, as long as it is not on the Internet, and get involved.AYou will be happier if you use the Internet less.BThere is no use avoiding the truth.CAlso, it is a good place to get some good books and ma
67、gazines to read.DGet a hobby or an interest.EInternet addition affects a lot of people.FGet your family to remind you if youve been on a long time.GTry to reduce the amount of time by 5minutes each time.语篇解读：本文是关于如何戒掉网瘾的建议。1解析第一段总括论述很多人沉迷于网络，下文具体讲述了怎么避免沉迷网络，联系上下文定位到E项，E项起到总括作用。答案E2解析这一段主要论述首先要承认自己有网
68、瘾，由此可知选B。答案B3解析这一部分主要讲的是限制网络游戏时间，因此选项脱离不了时间这个概念，根据前后文可知，G选项更合适一些。答案G4解析由后一句中的as at home可知，正确答案为C。答案C5解析可以通过后文中的go for a run和talks, films, concerts and sports等信息得知，这些都是一些兴趣爱好，通过寻找别的兴趣爱好来戒掉网瘾。故选D。答案D.短文改错(2019张掖二中10月月考)I am interested at swimming very much. At first, I went swimming just to keep healt
69、h. Now my dream was to swim for my country in the Olympics. Though practicing in the pool is very bored, but I still work very hard in order to realize my dream. Because my hard work, I have already come first in much important competitions. In the competitions, Ive made lot of friends and were very
70、 close. Its much easier to have friends which are swimmers because they also have to get up early to practice like you and they understand this kind of life.答案I am interested swimming very much. At first, I went swimming just to keep . Now my dream to swim for my country in the Olympics. Though prac
71、ticing in the pool is very ， I still work very hard in order to realize my dream. Because my hard work, I have already come first in important competitions. In the competitions, Ive made of friends and were very close. Its much easier to have friends are swimmers because they also have to get up early to practice like and they understand this kind of life.
