1、第二节非谓语动词考向分析热考点语法填空主要考查作宾语、状语、宾补及定语；非谓语作主语一般不直接考查，而是结合主谓一致考查。短文改错考查基本用法：介词后用v.ing；to do作宾补；v.ing作状语；形容词化的v.ing和v.ed的区别。新考向2019高考全国卷加强了对非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和定语的考查。题型一关于非谓语动词的语法填空1Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.(2019全国) 答案noting解析考查非谓语动
2、词。介词by后应用v.ing形式作宾语，故填noting。2A 90yearold has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for (be) Britains oldest fulltime employeestill working 40 hours a week.(2019全国)答案being解析考查非谓语动词。介词for后应用v.ing形式作宾语，故填being。3But some students didnt want (wear) the uniform.(2019浙江)答案 to wear解析考查非谓语动词。want后加不定式作宾语，构成want
3、to do sth.“想要做某事”。故填to wear。4I still remember (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江)答案visiting解析考查动名词作宾语。remember doing sth.记得做过某事。5You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by
4、running.(2018全国)答案dying解析考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式，故填dying。6I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.(2018全国)答案looking解析考查非谓语动词。avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。7Fast food is full of fat and salt；by (eat) more fast food people will
5、 get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国)答案eating解析考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by后接动名词作宾语。故填eating。8This included digging up the road， (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国)答案laying解析考查非谓语动词。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。9But Sa
6、rah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国)答案to prove解析考查固定搭配。want to do sth.想要做某事，为固定搭配。1介词后跟v.ing构成介宾结构：by/of/from/with/without/after等。2需加v.ing作宾语的动词(词组)：avoid，enjoy，finish，admit，consider，escape，advise，suggest，mind，include，keep
7、，recommend，practice，imagine，dream of，set about等。3to为介词的短语：be/get/become used to doing习惯于be accustomed to doing习惯于be addicted to doing沉溺于；对上瘾be opposed to doing反对object to doing 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于be admitted to 被录取；准许进入lead to doing 导致contribute to doing 贡献；导致；促进look forw
8、ard to doing sth.期待做某事stick to doing sth.坚持做某事be equal to sth.胜任做某事have access to 有接近(某物的)方法attach great importance to doing sth.重视做某事get down to doing sth.开始做某事the key/approach to doing sth.做某事的关键/方法when it comes to当谈到4需加 to do作宾语的动词： agree，afford，attempt，choose，decide，determine，expect，fail，hope，ma
9、nage，offer，pretend，plan，promise，refuse，want，wish，would like等。接to do与v.ing含义有区别的动词：try to do sth.尽力做某事/try doing sth.试着去做某事mean to do sth.打算去做某事/mean doing sth.意味着做某事regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事remember to do sth.记得要去做某事/remember doing sth.记得做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事/forget doi
10、ng sth.忘记做过了某事stop to do sth.停下去做别的事/stop doing sth.停下正在做的事go on to do sth.接着做另外的事/go on doing sth.继续做原来的事cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事/cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事/have no choice but to do sth.别无选择只能做某事1Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans (retire) from
11、her 36yearold business.(2019全国)答案to retire解析考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“的计划”，故填to retire。2When we got a call (say) she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke.(2019全国)答案saying解析考查非谓语动词。动词say与其逻辑主语a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作后置定语，故填saying。3On the last day of our weeklong stay，we were
12、 invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.(2019全国)答案listening解析考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以listen应用非谓语动词形式。we与listen to之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后的meeting interesting lo
13、cals为分词形式，故空格处填listening。4Nervously (face) challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”(2019北京)答案facing解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作状语，非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语I，主语I与动词face之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。5Earth Day， (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness abo
14、ut environmental protection.(2019北京)答案marked解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：地球日即4月22日，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。根据句意以及句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词作定语；动词mark与Earth Day之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。6 (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.(2019江苏)答案To enjoy 解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：为了享受电子支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用
15、智能手机。分析句子结构可知，这里表示目的，故用不定式作目的状语。故选A。7Chinas image is improving steadily，with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.(2019江苏)答案recognizing解析考查with复合结构。分析句子可知，此处是with复合结构，动词recognize与其逻辑主语countries之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。8Chinas approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its ci
16、tizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018全国)答案feeding解析考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词现在分词”形式作状语。9Once his message was delivered，he allowed me (stay) and watch.(2018全国)答案to stay解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，为
17、固定搭配。10Ordinary soap， (use) correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京)答案used解析因为句子中已有谓语动词，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。句子的主语与use之间是被动关系，因此应用过去分词，即过去分词作状语，used correctly相当于if it is used correctly这个条件状语从句的省略形式。句意为：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地清除细菌。11I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph (take)(20
18、18天津)答案taken解析句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth.done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。12They are required (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国)答案to process解析考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动
19、语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。1非谓语动词和其逻辑主语构成一定的关系：v.ing表示主动、进行；v.ed表示被动、完成，to do 表将来。非谓语作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的名词。非谓语作状语，逻辑主语往往是句子的主语。非谓语作宾补，逻辑主语是宾语。2提分小诀窍：结果状语av.ing 表示自然而然的结果。bto do 表出乎意料的结果，往往构成only to do结构。to do作目的状语往往不和主句用逗号隔开；v.ing作伴随、时间、条件或结果状语，往往用逗号与主句隔开。to do作宾补的动词ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事allow sb.to
20、do sth.允许某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事感官使役动词感官使役动词5看look atsb.do(省略to的不定式)sb.doing sth.doneseewatchnoticeobserve3使makelethave2听hearl
21、isten to1感feel特殊4findsb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事sth.done发现某事被做catchsb.doing sth.当场抓住某人做某事keepsb./sth.doing sth.让某人/某物持续做某事oneself done让某人自己leavesb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事sth.undone留下某事未做1getsth.donehave sth.done使由别人去做sb.doing sth.使某人开始做某事sb.to do sth.have sb.do sth.使某人做某事to do 作定语the first，second(序数词)，next，o
22、nly 或者形容词最高级，需要用to do 作定语。有些名词后跟不定式作宾语，即：promise，plan，attempt，offer，decision，ability，chance，way，aim，goal，ambition，purpose，willingness等。with 的复合结构with宾语doing(表示主动且进行)with宾语done(表示被动且完成)with宾语to do(表示将来)1On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would ta
23、ke (get) there.(2019全国)答案to get解析考查动词不定式。此处是句式“It takes sb.some time to do sth.”表示“某人花费多长时间做某事”，其中it为形式主语，to do 不定式为真正的主语。故填to get。2 (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.(2019天津)答案Learning解析考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词是is，is之前的内容是主语，故此处应用动名词短语作主语。3I qu
24、ickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel (challenge)(2018全国)答案challenged解析考查形容词化的v.ed。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。由语境可知，填challenged。4While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in
25、recent years，its not without a cost.(2018浙江)答案have become解析根据语境和时间状语in recent years可知，此处应该用现在完成时，说明造成的结果或影响，即 have become。5 (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.(2018北京)答案Traveling解析考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，主句的谓语动词是is，is之前的内容是主语，故此处应用动名词短语作主语。6Do you find yourself gettin
26、g impatient or (annoy) with people over unimportant things？(2016上海)答案annoyed解析考查形容词化的v.ed。形容词annoyed表示“恼怒的，烦恼的”，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient一起与系动词get构成系表结构。1非谓语作主语确定谓语动词，然后确定是否是非谓语动词作主语。v.ing表一般习惯性的动作；to do表具体的动作。2系动词(4个) seem，appear，prove，turn out 和抽象名词(5个) aim，goal，ambition，purpose，wish
27、后用不定式作表语。3设空前为系动词，含be，get，go，feel，grow，become，seem，后面非谓语的形式根据含义选择v.ing或者v.ed。4形容词化的v.ing，表示名词的属性，表“令人的”人或物；形容词化的v.ed，表示名词的心理状态。翻译成：“感到的”；一般修饰voice，look，expression时，其前往往用v.ed形式，表示内心的感受。1Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s，and are expensive (per
28、form) consistently over a large area.(2019全国)答案to perform解析考查非谓语动词。本句含有“主语beadj.不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to perform。2I didnt mean (eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help (try) it.(2018天津)答案to eat；trying解析句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰激凌看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了下。mean to do sth.打算做某事
29、；mean doing sth.意味着做某事；cant help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；cant help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事。3But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm (rest)(2017全国)答案resting解析考查固定搭配。spend time (in) doing sth.“花时间做某事”为固定搭配。4If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be les
30、s likely _(bring) your work home.(2016全国)答案to bring解析考查不定式的用法。be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。5It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2014新课标全国)答案to reduce解析此处为固定句式“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”这个句式里it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。1to doenough to do sth.足够()去做某事be likely to
31、 do sth.很可能做某事too.to.太而不能be used to do sth.被用来做某事be designed to do sth.被设计用来做某事be intended to do sth.打算做某事tend to 倾向于be to blame 应受责备(无被动)aim to do sth.旨在做某事be eager to do sth.渴望做某事the first/last(序数词) to do sth.第一个/最后一个做某事的人the aim/ability/chance/opportunity/plan/promise/purpose/ambition/goal/target
32、 to do sth.做某事的目的/能力/机会/计划/承诺/目的/雄心/目标cant/can hardly wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事。sb./sth.be said/be supposed/believed/be thought/known/reported to do/to be done/to have done据说/认为/报道某人/某物it remains to be seen.尚待分晓；拭目以待2v.ingbe (
33、well) worth doing sth.值得做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事have fun doing sth.做某事很开心feel like doing sth.想做某事get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事Its no use/good/pleasure (in) doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have a difficult/hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难be busy (in) doing sth.
34、忙于做某事spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱或时间做某事prevent/stop.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事aim at doing sth.旨在做某事succeed (in) doing sth.成功地做成了某事There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。主语beadj.to do 句型适用于此结构的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，danger
35、ous等。题型二关于非谓语动词的短文改错1All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，say that I had a talent for football.(2019全国)答案saysaying解析考查现在分词。句中的say与其逻辑主语All the football players之间是主动关系，且其表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。故将say改为saying。2Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to rea
36、d his or her paragraph aloud.(2018全国)答案waitwaiting解析考查非谓语动词。Everyone was silent 句子主系表结构完整，没有并列连词和从句引导词，所以wait应该用非谓语形式。 Everyone和wait之间是主动关系，所以用waiting作伴随状语。3Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner.(2013新课标全国)答案HaveHaving解析考查非谓语动词。“Have tea in the late afternoon”是本句话
37、的主语，动词原形不可以作主语，应将“Have”改成“Having”。根据句子结构判定：首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，动词必定用作非谓语动词；当动词确定是非谓语动词时，要根据非谓语动词和它的逻辑主语之间的关系来判断是用现在分词还是用过去分词或不定式。1I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”(2019全国)答案have前加to解析考查固定搭配。want sb./sth.to do sth.“想要某人/某物做某事”。故在have前加to。2No matter how many times I ask
38、ed to watching them，my parents would not let me. (2018全国)答案watchingwatch解析考查固定搭配。ask to do sth.要求做某事。3Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious.(2018全国)答案eager后加to解析考查固定搭配。(be) eager to do sth.渴望做某事，为固定搭配。1help (to) do, to 可省2感官和使役动词：5看look a
39、t, see，watch, notice，observe3使make，let, have2听hear，listen to1感feel注意：后接不定式作宾补，省略to；但是变为被动的时候，需要补上to。3常考点：ask sb.to do sth.，invite sb.to do sth.，be eager to do sth., promise to do sth.，情态动词(not)动词原形(不能有to)1If I succeed in manage one，I will open more.(2019全国)答案managemanaging解析考查固定搭配。succeed (in) doing
40、 sth.成功做成某事。故把manage 改为managing。2My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. (2018全国)答案sellselling解析考查非谓语动词。by是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故把sell改为selling。3We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国)答案taketaking解析考查非谓语动词。此处为between.and.结构，根据前面的staying at home可知，此处也要用动名词形
41、式，与前面保持一致。介词后v.ing：by/of/from/with/without/after等。1I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.(2019全国)答案interestinginterested解析考查形容词化的分词。句意为：多亏一个偶然的事件，我对踢足球产生了兴趣。interesting“有趣的，吸引人的”，通常描述事物；interested“感兴趣的”，通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人，故把interesting改为interested。2One was that I was amazi
42、ng at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.(2019全国)答案amazingamazed解析考查形容词化的分词。amazed吃惊的，惊讶的；amazing令人吃惊的，令人惊讶的。v.ed形容词说明人的感受，意为“感到的”；v.ing形容词描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人的”，此处说明主语I的感受，故用v.ed形式的形容词。3In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their gar
43、den，which is on the rooftop of their house.(2017全国)答案interestinginterested解析考查形容词化的分词。interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意为“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，故用interested。be interested in对感兴趣。1形容词化的v.ing，表示“令人的”，常修饰物。2形容词化的v.ed，表示“感到的”，常修饰人。3特别注意的几个词汇：voice，look，expression，其前往往用v.ed修饰，表示内心的感受。增分训练增分单句训练.单句语法填空1To
44、 guarantee the safety of the palace，festival organizers (plan) this years Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles.(2019湖北八校联考)答案planning解析考查非谓语动词。句子的主语为festival organizers，谓语动词为used，由此确定plan需要用非谓语形式。plan和其逻辑主语，即句子的主语festival organizers构成主动关系，所以应该
45、用v.ing形式。2The effect was so wonderful that Da Shuhua(非遗打树花) gradually gained more appeal than firecrackers， (attract) many people in the celebration.(2019河南百校联盟质检)答案attracting解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式。Da Shuhua与attract之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用v.ing形式。3There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from
46、 which will lead you (discover) Dartmoofs ancient and rugged(崎岖的) charm！(2019河南六市联考)答案to discover解析考查非谓语动词。固定短语：lead sb.to do sth.“引导某人做某事”。故填to discover。4It urges all countries to make decisions and take immediate action to stop it from (pollute) any more.(2019辽宁抚顺模拟)答案being polluted解析考查非谓语动词。介词fro
47、m后接动名词作宾语，it与pollute之间是被动关系，故填being polluted。5Joe offered (pay) the driver，got out of the taxi，and ran along the pavement and past all the shop windows.(2019东北三省四市一模)答案to pay解析考查不定式。此处表示“乔主动提出付司机钱”。offer to do sth.主动做某事。故填to pay。6From May 20 to June 2，more than 50 shows (select) nationwide will be p
48、erformed in nineteen major theaters in Shanghai.(2019山东济南三模)答案selected 解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，主语为more than 50 shows，谓语动词为will be performed。select只能用作非谓语，select和其逻辑主语more than 50 shows 构成被动关系，所以用过去分词selected。7I wont call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to (hold) chopsticks.(2019湖北武汉外国语学校质
49、检)答案holding 解析考查固定搭配。when it comes to意为“当提到”，to是介词，其后应该用v.ing形式。8The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to memorize the worldfamous Chinese philosopher，but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities，said Wang Lizhi，president of America East Shandong Assoc
50、iation(AESA)(2019吉林辽源二模)答案to celebrate解析考查不定式短语作后置定语。chance 后面需要用to do 作定语。9Often (consider) the most important meal of the year，the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition.(2019湖北武汉调研)答案considered解析考查非谓语动词。通过分析可知，句子的谓语是is。此处没有并列连词，没有从句引导词，所以consider 需要用非谓语形式， 和句子的主语the reun
51、ion dinner 构成被动关系，所以用过去分词considered。10Every time I go into his office，its in a huge mess，with computers (pull) apart and pieces of telescope all over his desk.(2019广西南宁适应性测试)答案pulled解析考查with的复合结构。pull apart(拆开)和宾语computer是被动的关系，所以应该填过去分词pulled。.易错练习1Chinese President Xi Jinping made the praise in a
52、letter (write) to the students in Beijings Bayi School on Saturday.(2019安徽宣城二模)答案written解析考查非谓语动词。句中的名词letter与write之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意为：周六，国家主席习近平在写给北京八一学校学生的一封信中做出了表扬。故填written。2Drivers are not the only ones (blame) for the irresponsibility that leads to many automobile accidents.答案to blame解析考查非谓语
53、作定语。 (be) to blame (for sth.)结构表示“应受责备”，没有被动形式。3A team (lead) by researchers from the University of Exeter analyzed UK Biobank data(基因数据库) from more than 48,000 people with depression and compared them to another group of more than 290,000 people.(2019福建厦门一模)答案led解析考查非谓语动词。空后是by，被动标志词，空前的team与动词lead
54、之间构成被动关系，“由研究者所带领的团队”，过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词，故填led。4While (swim)，Myles, my fouryearold son had somehow left the kids area and got into the adults pool.(2019山西实验中学质检)答案swimming解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为状语从句的省略，补充完整为While Myles was swimming，此处省略了主语和be动词。故填swimming。5 (build) over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sic
55、huan Province in Southwest China，this amazing engineering achievement is still used today.(2019甘肃天水一中三模)答案Built解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，逗号前的部分在句中作状语。主语this amazing engineering achievement与build之间为被动关系，且由时间状语over 2,200 years ago可知，动作发生在过去，故用build的过去分词形式。故填Built。.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1According to a paper publishin
56、g in 2017，pigs can tell between those who treat them well and those who dont.(2019湖北黄冈高三联考)答案publishingpublished解析publish与其逻辑主语a paper(论文)之间构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。2Im looking forward to the summer vacation.How excited it will be to buy lovely Tintin products! (2019河北唐山三模)答案excitedexciting解析it是形式主语，真正的
57、主语是to buy lovely Tintin products，所以应该用exciting，表示令人兴奋的。3After that，a volunteer activity will take place in the nearby community，offer the American students an opportunity to know more about China and make friends with Chinese students.答案offeroffering解析分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是will take place，且句中没有并列连词，也没有从句
58、，那么offer应该用非谓语形式。offer与其逻辑主语a volunteer activity之间是主动关系，故用offering。4Always get the lights checking at least once a week and make sure the floor is dry all the time.(2019安徽定远二模)答案checkingchecked解析此处考查“get宾语宾补”的结构。check 和宾语lights之间构成被动关系，所以用checked。5After falling off and climb back onto the board many
59、 times，I eventually made it and I really enjoyed the rest of my time on the water.(2019辽宁大连二模)答案climbclimbing解析after后面需要用v.ing形式。and连接的两个并列成分在形式上要一致，由falling也可推知，此处应用climbing。6The poem rhyme is very short，which makes it easy understand.(2019山东郓城一中三模)答案understand 前加to解析此处it是形式宾语，to do 不定式作真正的宾语。7When
60、 we drove up the mountain，I found the top covering with snow and ice！(2019湘赣十四校联考)答案coveringcovered解析此处是“find宾语宾补”结构。cover和宾语the top之间构成被动关系，所以用covered。8Looked at my work with satisfaction，I couldnt help imagining how delighted my grandma would be.(2019湖南怀化二模)答案LookedLooking解析分析句子可知，look需用非谓语动词形式。lo
61、ok和句子的主语I之间构成主动关系，所以用looking。9At this moment，I found the city was so interesting.How I regret ignore its beauty before!答案ignoreignoring解析此处表示我后悔以前忽视了它的美。所以应该用regret doing sth.“后悔做了某事”。10Im sure that by learn Chinese calligraphy，you will have a better understanding of Chinese culture than ever before
62、.(2019安徽淮北、宿州二模)答案learnlearning解析介词后需要用v.ing构成介宾结构。增分写作训练 非谓语动词在写作中的应用非谓语动词是高中阶段的重点语法，如能应用在写作中便能够为你的作文增光添彩。请按括号内的要求升级一下下列句式。1First of all, I have lived in China for sixteen years and have learnt English since I was a child，so I have a good command of English and Chinese.(v.ing作状语)(2019全国)First of al
63、l，having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt English since I was a child，I have a good command of English and Chinese.2I represent my whole class，and would like to invite you to take part in our music festival.(v.ing 作状语)(2019全国)Representing my whole class，I would like to invite you t
64、o take part in our music festival.3We are fully prepared for the competition and we have faith that we will win.(v.ed作状语，v.ing作宾语)(2019全国)Fully prepared for the competition，we have faith in our winning the competition.强化练(四).语法填空(2019甘肃兰州实战考试)What is Reading?Reading is actually a very complex proces
65、s that requires a great deal of active 1. (participate) on the part of the reader.It is an active thinking process involving the interaction between the reader and the print.That is to say，the readers former knowledge about the topic to 2. (read) and his language knowledge (vocabulary and grammar) d
66、irectly affect his understanding of the reading material and 3. turn，the new information about the topic 4. (contain) in the reading material will enlarge the readers former knowledge.Reading is a very important 5. (mean) of gaining knowledge about culture，custom，science，education and technology fro
67、m others or other countries.It is a good way of learning the most advanced high technology 6. (serve) the needs of the social development and the interests of our people.Reading is 7. inseparable component of the English learning.We should lay solid foundations for our advanced education，and we can
68、master the language by reading 8. (large)However，it is a very complex activity 9. involves almost all psychological processes 10. (include) sensation，perception，motor behavior，motivation，attention，emotion，cognition and all kinds of memory.1答案participation解析考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指的是需要大量的主动参与，所以要用其名词形式parti
69、cipation。2答案be read解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子的结构可以判断出，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，且the topic和read是逻辑上的被动关系，故填be read。3答案in解析考查固定搭配。短语in turn “相应地；轮流地；依次地”，符合语境。4答案contained解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，the topic与contain之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，要用过去分词作后置定语。5答案means解析考查名词。根据句意可知，空处应填means“方法，手段”，此词作此意讲时单复数同形。6答案to serve解析考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处要用动词不定式作目的
70、状语，目的是服务于社会发展的需要和人民的利益。7答案an解析考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，“阅读是英语学习的一个不可分割的组成部分”；又因为inseparable的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。8答案largely解析考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知，此处要用副词修饰动词read，故用largely。9答案that/which解析考查关系代词。根据句子的结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是activity，关系词在从句中作主语且指物，要用关系代词that/which。10答案including解析考查词性转换。根据句子的结构可知，此处指的是“包括在内”，所以要用介词including。
71、.短文改错11(2019重庆调研)I have many friends，but Mary is my best friend.She is not only very beautiful，and also very kindhearted.We meet each other at junior high school.She was shortest in our class at that time.She is well at studying and playing the piano，but bad for dancing.Whatever I feel unhappy，she w
72、ill keep us company.No matter what difficulty I have，she will help me overcoming them.It is she who makes me to realize that a friend in need is a friend indeed.答案I have many friends，but Mary is my best friend.She is not only very beautiful， also very kindhearted.We each other at junior high school.
73、She was shortest in our class at that time.She is at studying and playing the piano，but bad dancing. I feel unhappy，she will keep company.No matter what I have，she will help me them.It is she who makes me to realize that a friend in need is a friend indeed.12(2019广东佛山质检)The best gift I have ever rec
74、eived is a handmade calendar.It was made up by my best friend Jane，with who I have so much in common.On each page of the calendar，there is the picture of us with some word written by Jane.She either tells me what she feels about our friendship or encourages me try my best and live a happy life.Whene
75、ver I look at the calendar，I am touched by something warmly，and my heart is filling with love.This gift is a memory of the wonderful time I spend with Jane in junior high school and I will keep them forever.答案The best gift I have ever received is a handmade calendar.It was made up by my best friend
76、Jane，with I have so much in common.On each page of the calendar，there is picture of us with some written by Jane.She either tells me she feels about our friendship or encourages me try my best and live a happy life.Whenever I look at the calendar，I am touched by something ，and my heart is with love.
77、This gift is a memory of the wonderful time I with Jane in junior high school and I will keep forever.阅读理解(2019山东菏泽一中最后一模)Every man dreams of having a good car.With luxury cars，like Bentley，Lamborghini and RollsRoyce，going into the world of SUVs，if you have deep pockets，you will be spoilt for choice
78、.Lamborghini Aventador SVJUsing a new aerodynamic system allows it to set a car lap record of 64497 at Nurburgring，one of the longest and most challenging circuits in the world.Plus，carbon fiber can be seen everywhere，which makes the car strong and lightweight.Therere only 900 being built and youll
79、need to cough up $517,770 to buy one.Aston Martin DBXThe DBX is Aston Martins maiden SUV product.It features a choice of two gas enginesa 4.0liter V8 from Mercedes and a 5.2liter V12 from its own.The price is predicted to be around $250,000.Audi EtronBeing an ecofriendly motoring，it is an allelectri
80、c SUV that makes up for its rather ordinary appearance with design，luxury and technology.At the front and back are electric motors which insure progress is rapid.In addition to plenty of storage space，the Audi Etron provides side cameras instead of side mirrors and air suspension that adapts to the
81、terrain(地形)Hand over $74,800 and its yours.Tesla RoadsterTesla Roadster will turn most heads，and Zero to 60 in 1.9 seconds means it will leave most cars for dust.The top speed is 250 mph，which is also unheard of for most carslet alone an allelectric one.Having advanced autonomous driving systems and
82、 a huge touchscreen for surfing the Internet，it wont make you regret for paying $200,000.13Whats special about Lamborghini Aventador SVJ?AIt offers two gas engines.BIt is an allelectric SUV.CIt uses lightweight materials.DIt has the most challenging circuit.答案C解析细节理解题。由“Lamborghini Aventador SVJ”下的“
83、Plus，carbon fiber can be seen everywhere，which makes the car strong and lightweight.”可知，碳纤维是这种车使用的主要材料，这使得这种车很结实而且重量轻。也就是说车使用的是轻型材料。故选C。14Which car is suitable if you want one with adaptable air suspension?ALamborghini Aventador SVJ.BAston Martin DBX.CAudi Etron.DTesla Roadster.答案C解析细节理解题。由第三个小标题下的“
84、In addition to plenty of storage space，the Audi Etron provides side cameras instead of side mirrors and air suspension that adapts to the terrain (地形)”可知选C。15Which of the following does Tesla Roadster provide?ASelfdriving systems.BA gassaving engine.CSide cameras.DMuch storage space.答案A解析细节理解题。 由问题中
85、的“Tesla Roadster”将答案定位在第四个小标题下。由本段中的“Having advanced autonomous driving systems and.”可知，Tesla Roadster拥有先进的自动驾驶系统。故选A。.完形填空(2019河北石家庄摸底测试)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A womanin her attempt to give 16 to an ambulancehad driven her car over ston
86、y obstacles that separated the bike line from the street，and，as a result，had gotten her car 17 .She couldnt move the car in any 18 without damaging it.A couple of people tried to 19 the car back but the obstacles were too high.Seeing that they couldnt do much about it，they left.The woman in the car
87、tried to 20 some service，and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.While watching the other people 21 ，I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how 22 that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking，she 23 me to sit inside her car.I wasnt in a h
88、urry，so I 24 my family that I would be later and then tried to 25 the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others 26 .But actually it wasnt too much trouble 27 they could still pass，and also there wasnt anything she could do about it 28 .We laughed and 29 that all we needed was some tea f
89、or our picnic. Finally 30 came and helped her back on the street.She 31 me and asked for my phone number so she could return the 32 ，but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much 33 when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation 34 can make a lot of 35 .语篇解读本文
90、是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。16A.signal BwayCtime Dhelp答案B解析一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to.“让行”，为固定搭配，故选B。17A.stuck BbrokenCdirty Dabandoned答案A解析根据下文“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能动弹。18A.sense BminuteCdirection Dline答案C解析在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。19A.li
91、ft BholdCpull Ddrive答案A解析根据上文“She couldnt move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。20A.offer BseekCrefuse Dtake答案B解析那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些服务。21A.shout BdiscussCstand Dleave答案D解析根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldnt do much about it，they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)
92、了。22A.amazing BpleasantCuneasy Dincredible答案C解析根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡住了，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定是不舒服的(uneasy)，与下文“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ”呼应。23A.forced BinvitedCordered Dallowed答案B解析根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。24A.consulted BwarnedCadvised Dinformed答案D解析根据语境及下文“
93、I would be later”可推知，作者是通知(informed)家人自己会晚会到。25A.persuade BcomfortCfrighten Dsatisfy答案B解析根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她，这与下文中的“We laughed and that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.”呼应。26A.trouble BdisbeliefCanxiety Dembarr
94、assment答案A解析根据下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble they could still pass”可推知，那位女士认为自己给他人带来了麻烦(trouble)所以感到焦虑不安。27A.though BuntilCsince Dunless答案C解析根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系，故since“因为”符合语境。28A.anyway BthereforeCstill Dsomehow答案A解析根据上文“She couldnt move the car in any without damaging it”可推知，无论如何
95、(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。29A.remembered BrealizedCthought Djoked答案D解析由语境和空后的“that all we needed was some tea for our picnic”可知，此处指作者和那位女士在开玩笑(joked)。30A.news Bmy partnerCassistance Dan ambulance答案C解析根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。31A.greeted BthankedCaccepte
96、d Dattracted答案B解析根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。32A.car BcompanyCfavor Dpicnic答案C解析根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。33A.nervous BunwillingCdisappointed Dbetter答案D解析根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。D项符合语境。34A.alone BbravelyCbitterly Ddirectly答案A解析由作者主动陪那女士面对困境的行为可知，此处作者认为不必独自(alone)面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。35A.decision BfortuneCchoice Ddifference答案D解析解析参见上题。