1、Module 3 My First Ride on a TrainGrammar语法精讲思维构建过去分词作定语和一般过去时的时间状语【语法感知】观察上面对话,并类比填空The novel _(buy)in the store last month is useful to me.It tells us a story that _(happen)in America,a _(develop)country.boughthappeneddeveloped【语法精讲】.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示被修饰的名词或代词处于被动或完成的状态。一、过去分词作定语的位置 单个过去分词作定语,常放在被修饰
2、的名词前;若被修饰的是代词,如those,something,everything,nothing等,则分词要放在其后。分词短语常放在被修饰的名词之后。a retired worker 一位退休的工人the given question给定的问题qualified teachers合格的教师the broken cup破碎的杯子everybody invited所有被邀请的人the languages spoken in Germany在德国使用的语言the book written in simple English用浅显的英语写成的书*There is only a little food
3、 left.只剩下一点儿食物了。*I like to read the novel Frogs written by Mo Yan.我喜欢读莫言写的小说蛙。【名师点津】(1)某些单个的动词过去分词作定语时通常置于所修饰词之后,作后置定语,如left(剩下的),concerned(相关的),provided(已提供的)等。(2)过去分词短语(即带有自己的宾语或状语的过去分词短语)作宾语要后置,放在被修饰词之后。【即学活用】语法填空(1)The book _(leave)on the table is Marys.(2)The tiger _(shoot)by the hunter belongs
4、 to an endangered species.(3)_(lose)time will never return.(4)(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study _(publish)in 2014 that showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.leftshotLostpublished(5)(2018全国卷)_(fr
5、eeze)bananas will last several weeks,depending on their ripeness(成熟)and the temperature of the freezer.(6)The eleven cars _(produce)last month have been sold out.Frozenproduced二、过去分词作定语时的意义(1)不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。boiled water=water that has boiled开(了的)水the fallen leaves=the leaves that have fall
6、en落叶a developed country=a country which has developed发达国家(2)有些过去分词作定语既表被动,又表完成。即过去分词在定语中可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。*He told us of the great wrong done to him.=He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.他给我们讲了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。*Is there anything planned(=that has been planned)for the weekend?周末安排什么活动了吗?*D
7、id you accept the invitation given(=that had been given)by the tour guide?你接受导游所给的邀请了吗?*Most of the artists invited(=who had been invited)to the party were from South Africa.被邀请到会的大部分艺术家来自南非。【名师点津】(1)有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化,常见的这类过去分词有:disappointed(失望的),moved(感动的),interested(感兴趣的),surprised(感到惊讶的),s
8、hocked(震惊的,震撼的),puzzled(迷惑不解的),frightened(受惊吓的)等。例如:a frightened girl一个受惊吓的女孩(2)一些动词短语作定语时,不要漏掉动词短语中的介词或副词。例如:The boy looked after/taken care of by the nurse is getting better.被这位护士照顾的男孩越来越好了。【即学活用】(1)语法填空The glass _(break)by Li Ming has been replaced.We took the _(frighten)boy to his home.(2)_picke
9、d up _and smelt it.那个兴奋的女孩捡起一朵落花,然后闻了闻。(3)_often reads us _.受我们爱戴的老师经常给我们读一些他的学生写的有趣的故事。(4)The man _has got well.一年前接受手术的那个人已经很好了。brokenfrightenedThe excited girla fallen flowerThe teacher loved by ussome interesting stories written by hisstudentsoperated on a year ago.一般过去时的时间状语 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或
10、某段时间内反复发生的动作或存在的状态。与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:yesterday,two days ago,last year,the other day,during the day,one night,once upon a time,a long time ago,until the 1920s,until it got dark,just now,in the old days,in the past,this morning等。*(2020全国卷)The unmanned Change-4 probe(探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancie
11、nt Chinese moon goddess-touched down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器这个名字的灵感来源于一个中国古代的月亮女神上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。*Mr Smith came to see you just now.史密斯先生刚才来找你。*The live football match was broadcast last night.这场足球比赛直播是昨天晚上进行的。*The fire broke out during the night.这场大火发生在夜间。*We often went s
12、wimming when we were young.我们小时候经常去游泳。*The two students didnt go out of the forest until it got dark.直到天黑这两名学生才走出森林。【即学活用】(1)语法填空(2020新高考全国卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,_(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.(2019江苏高考)Emma,a female crane
13、,has been in their care since she _(arrive)in 2004.(2)(2019全国卷)A son of immigrants,Chris started learning English a little over _(三年前).formedarrivedthree years ago学情诊断课堂测评.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Now there is a lot of business _(do)over the phone.2.The box _(make)of paper is environment-friendly.3.Those _(rep
14、eat)efforts were still not enough.4.The new product finally passed the _(require)test.5.The idea _(think)up by Peter is much simpler.6.It is a house _(build)by the Romans.donemaderepeatedrequiredthoughtbuilt7.The man _(follow)by some soldiers is an official.8.They _(offer)us all the tools needed yes
15、terday.9.As we watched the rising sun this morning,we _(feel)energetic.10.In 2018 my brother _(join)the Party.followedofferedfeltjoined.单句改错1.The teacher has told us that the earth moves around the sun ten minutes ago.()2.In the past Mary liked to read books wrote by Dickens.()3.I listened to the so
16、ng sing by Liu Huan.()4.Eli moved to Japan in 1978 and begun to work as a teacher in Tokyo.()5.There are not enough people to pick apples that day when we visited the farm.()6.The popular books are written by a farmer in his thirties.()去掉haswrotewrittensingsungbegunbeganarewerearewere7.The problem i
17、s discussed at the meeting yesterday.()8.The students encouraging by the teacher worked even harder.()9.The island,joining to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.()10.Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrow from the library.()iswasencouragingencouragedjoiningjoinedborrowborrowed【语法主
18、题应用】根据提示翻译下列句子并组句成篇。1.昨天我注意到路边有一些最近刚装修好的商店。(过去分词短语作定语)2.当我经过一家花店时,我走到门口看了看。3.在门上有一张店主写的便条,内容是这家商店何时开张。(过去分词短语作定语)4.我正在看时,听到有人喊我。我回头一看,是李华。他告诉我这家店是他开的。看着他兴奋的表情,我向他表示祝贺。(过去分词短语作定语)_Yesterday I noticed that there were some shops decorated recently along theroad.When I passed a flower store,I walked to the door to have a look.There wasa note written by the shop owner saying when the shop would open.Just then,Iheard someone calling me.Turning back,I saw Li Hua,who told me the store washis.Looking at his excited expression,I congratulated him.