1、浙江省湖州市2014高考英语阅读理解一轮（暑假）精炼（11）含答案阅读理解(第一节20小题。第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分)第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。AScientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in regulating the Earths climateOceans cover 70 percent of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atm
2、osphere doesWhats newer is the understanding of how this key component of our climate system responds to global warmingA brake on global warmingfor nowOne of the oceans most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide （CO2）, one of the gases that cause global warmingActing as a
3、heat sponge （海绵）, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty yearsThe most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） alsonotes with concern that the ocean is acidifying because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2, and thus
4、causing a threat for shell-forming speciesSharp increases in carbon dioxide levels will cause further acidification of the oceanCurrents distributing heatAnother important role the oceans play is that of distributorOceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrients around the globeJust as blood vesse
5、ls bring oxygen and nutrients to cells in the human body, the oceans currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the EarthThe ocean distributes 25 to 50 percent of the energy the planet receives from the sunFor example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the AtlanticThis warm current gives
6、 northwestern Europe a milder climate than it would normally have so far northA change to the oceans circulation （循环） patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of world experiences warmer temperatures1We can infer from the passage that _Athe oceans cause global warming Bthe
7、oceans stop global warmingCthe oceans release nutrients and heat Dthe ocean ecosystems face more dangers2From the passage we can learn that the oceans currents _Aproduce oxygen and nutrients everywhereBabsorb 2550% of the energy from the sunCdistribute heat and nutrients aroundDchange the oceans cir
8、culation patterns3Which of the following is NOT the result of the ocean absorbing heat and carbon dioxide?AIt causes further acidificationBIt affects shell-forming speciesCIt makes the atmosphere hotterDIt regulates the Earths climate4This passage mainly talks about _Athe roles of oceans Bglobal war
9、mingCocean currents Dcarbon dioxide参考答案-DCCA *结束（1）The Plot Against America is a novel by Philip Roth published in 2004. Instead of reconstructing real historical events, Philip Roth offers something bolder: a reconstruction of imagined events, a what if.? that reads like a what really happened. Jus
10、t suppose.that the air hero Charles Lindbergh, the man who made the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927, who earned huge sympathy when his baby son was kidnapped and murdered five years later, who called Hitler a great man, just suppose that hed run for president in November 1940, and took advan
11、tage of the feelings that undoubtedly existed then (No more war! Never again will young Americans die on foreign soil!), and that instead of Roosevelt being elected for a third term and taking America into Europe to fight the Nazis, Lindbergh won a landslide victory. And then he signed non-aggressio
12、n treaties with Germany and Japan, and introduced a set of anti-semitic(反犹太人的) measures which were a betrayal of the rights and liberties in the constitution(宪法) and yet they were accepted by the mass of ordinary citizens and even by some Jews. The narrator is Philip Roth, aged seven, and the family
13、 at the books centre are his family - father Herman, mother Bess and brother Sandy. The Roths understand the threat posed by Lindbergh, but each member of the family responds differently. Early on, theres a trip to see the sights of Washington, where the Roths find their pre-booked hotel room has be
14、come mysteriously unavailable. An obvious case of anti-semitism, Herman shouts, and a violation of the principle that All men are created equal. But his loudmouth protests embarrass Bess. Already theres a pressure to pretend not to see whats going on. Further disagreements arise when Sandy disappear
15、s for the summer for an apprenticeship(学徒期) with a Kentucky tobacco farmer. Worse, after he successfully encourages other Jewish city boys to follow his example, hes invited to a reception at the White House through his aunt, Besss sister Evelyn. While Herman refuses Sandy permission to attend, Evel
16、yn defends Lindbergh as a freely elected democrat.1. Which of the following is true in history according to the passage?A. Lindberghs son was kidnapped and killed in 1933.B. Lindbergh was elected president of America in 1940.C. There were antiwar feelings in America during the 1940s.D. America didnt
17、 fight the Nazis during the World War Two.2. Lindbergh could be elected President mainly because _. A. Americans felt sympathy for his son B. his antiwar policy was welcome C. Hitler supported his measures against Jews D. he was a great air hero in America3. What can we infer from the passage?A. The
18、 Roths at the books centre are Jewish.B. Herman is a strong supporter to Lindbergh.C. Sandy dislikes his experience in Kentucky.D. Jewish boys are encouraged to go to the war.4. What can we learn from the Roths experience in Washington? A. We shouldnt protest loudly when faced with problems. B. All
19、men were equally treated in America at that time. C. The Roths had a happy time when touring Washington. D. Jews suffered from unfair treatment due to anti-semitism.5. In which column of the newspaper do you probably find the article? A. Book review B. Travel journal C. National news D. Family life参
20、考答案1-5 C B A D A*结束BMaps and statistics can tell us a lot about where a country is headed. Take the US Census Bureaus latest findings on American cities. They show that for the first time since 1900, Detroit is not on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities. In its place is San Jose, Californ
21、ia.Its part of a pattern for the heavily industrialized cities, says Dana Johnson, an economist in Detroit. Theres been an ongoing dynamic (变化) here of people fleeing the city looking for better schools, better lifestyles, better services.Detroit is hardly alone. After World War II, the US was the w
22、orlds leading manufacturer. Cars, televisions, toys, and clothing made in America were exported around the world. As a result, the well-paid factory workers formed the backbone of a rising middle class. In the last three decades, the US economy has changed. Companies have moved factories overseas to
23、 take advantage of lower wages in Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.Where are people who leave the northeast and midwest going? They are moving south and west, another broad trend. In general, people are moving to where its warmer, less expensive and less crowded, or where jobs are more plenti
24、ful in growing service industries like health care, in the technology sector, or in factories that moved from the northeast or midwest.In a sense, the computer chips of San Jose, the new 10th largest city, in the heart of what is known as Silicon Valley, have replaced the sheet metal and molten stee
25、l of Detroit as the symbol of American economic power.5The main difficulty that Detroit is now facing is _. Athe factory closings and huge job losses Bmany peoples moving to the south and westCthe poor quality of the automobile Dthe lack of the computer chips6Which of the following isnt the trend of
26、 the change?AThe decline of the manufacturing economy.BCompanies moving overseas.CThe end of the US cities development. DThe migration of Americans to the south and west.7Which of the following is not true about San Jose?AThe newly-listed 10th largest city.BThe heart of Silicon Valley.CThe symbol of
27、 American economic power.DThe centre of the heavily industrialized cities. 8Which statement is not correct according to the passage?ADetroit has been on the list of the Top 10 most populous US cities for over a century.BPeople immigrate south and west to take advantage of lower wages there.CThe US w
28、as an important exporting country in the middle of the last century.DThe US economy now is not as prosperous as 30 years ago.参考答案-ACDB *结束CRegistrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degree
29、s listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them impostors(骗子); another refers to them as special cases. One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phras
30、e of all, says that these claims are made by no such people. To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they attending means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that being associated with a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. O
31、ne school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma.One company, with offices in New
32、York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from Smoot State University. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the University of Purdue. As there is no Smoot State and the real sc
33、hool in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.9. The main idea of this passage is that _ .A. employers are checking more closely on applicants nowB. lying about college degrees has become a widespread problemC. college degrees can now be pur
34、chased easilyD. employers are no longer interested in college degrees10. We can infer from the passage that _ .A. performance is a better judge of ability than a college degreeB. experience is the best teacherC. past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees doD. a degree from a
35、famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competition11. This passage implies that _ .A. buying a false degree is not moralB. personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schoolsC. most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from schoolD. soci
36、ety should be greatly responsible for lying on applications12. The word phony (Line 13, Para. 2) means _ .A. thorough B. ultimate C. false D. decisive参考答案-BDDC *结束DWhats your idea of a good time? What about dancing in a rainy field with one hundred and fifty thousand other people while a famous rock
37、 band plays on a stage so far away that the performers look like ants?It may sound strange but that is what many hundreds of thousands of young people in the UK do every summerWhy? Because summer is the time for outdoor music festivalsHeld on a farm, the Glastonbury Festival is the most well-known a
38、nd popular festival in the UKIt began in 1970 and the first festival was attended by one thousand five hundred people each paying an admission price of 1 the ticket included free milk from the farmSince then the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength in 2004 one hundred and fifty th
39、ousand fans attended, paying 112 each for a ticket to the three-day eventTickets for the event sold out within three hoursPerformers included superstars, such as Paul McCartney and James Brown, as well as new talent, like Franz Ferdinand and Joss StoneAlthough many summer festivals are run on a prof
40、it-making basis, Glastonbury is a charity event, donating millions of pounds to local and international charitiesGlastonbury is not unique in using live music to raise money to fight global povertyIn July of this year, the Live 8 concerts were held simultaneously （同时） in London, Paris, Rome and Berl
41、inSuperstars such as Madonna, Sir Elton John and Stevie Wonder performed in order to highlight international poverty and debt13What does the author mean by saying “the Glastonbury Festival has gone from strength to strength”?AThe festival has achieved growing successBGreat efforts have been made to
42、hold the festivalCThe festival has brought in a large amount of moneyDThere have been thousands of fans attending the festival14Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe Glastonbury Festival is run on a profit-making basisBTickets for the 2004 Glastonbury Festival were in great de
43、mand despite the high priceCBoth James Brown and Joss Stone were born in poor familiesDIn the 1970 Glastonbury Festival, one could have lunch on the farm for free15We can learn from the last paragraph that _Athe Glastonbury Festival is not so popular as the Live 8 concertsBthe Live 8 concerts are he
44、ld every year in LondonCLondon, Paris, Rome and Berlin are famous for outdoor music festivalsDsome superstars are concerned about global poverty16What is the best title for the passage?AHow to have a good time BCharity events around the worldCThe Glastonbury Festival DSuperstars performances in char
45、ity events参考答案-ABDC *结束ELead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumul
46、ation worldwide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research l
47、ed by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the differe
48、nt forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate (区分) the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the Unite
49、d States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of
50、 the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.Scientists say both studies d
51、emonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.17.The study published in the journal Nature indicates that _.A.the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired resultsB.lead depos
52、its in arctic snow are on the increaseC.lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expectedD.the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow18.Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded gas in the US _ .A.was discouragedB.was enforced by lawC.was prohi
53、bited by lawD.was introduced19.How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?A.By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio.B.By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.C.By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in
54、 Northeastern America.D.By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various countries.20.The authors of the Ambio study have found that _.A.forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expectedB.lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal withC.lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the USD.the upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions参考答案-D BDA*结束