1、 M9U2Grammar:名词性从句 主备人：王贝贝在英语中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词，包括连词（在名词性从句中只起连接作用，不作成分）、连接代词（在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或表语）和连接副词（在名词性从句中作状语）。名词性从句是一种具有名词作用的非独立分句，一般不用标点符号与主句隔开。尽管有时有特殊疑问词存在，但所有名词性从句的语序都是陈述语序。一、主语从句(Subject Clauses)主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词：that, whether,
2、if；连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever；连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why。1. 连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句that在主语从句中不作成分，没有意思，不能省略；whether和if虽不作句子的成分，但有“是否”的意思，且if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all. 地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。That she was cho
3、sen made us happy. 她被选上使我们感到高兴。Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 他是否要来还不知道。（只能用whether）Whether well go outing depends on the weather. 我们是否去郊游视天气而定。（只能用whether）It is not certain whether/if the question will be discussed.那个问题是否将被讨论还不确定。(二者皆可)典题赏析：1) _ we need more equipment _ quite obvious
4、.我们需要更多的设备，这是很明显的。2) _ you come or not _ up to you. 你来还是不来由你决定。3) It is not certain _ he will go there. 他是否去那儿还不确定。2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever在主语从句中起代词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。What surprised us was that he passed th
5、e driving test. 使我们感到惊奇的是他通过了驾驶考试。What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的练习。Whatever I have is yours. 我所拥有的一切都是你的。Who will go is not important. 谁将去是不重要的。Whoever is here gets a prize. 不管谁来，都能获奖。Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队将赢得比赛还不知道。Whichever you choose is OK.不论你选哪一个都行。典题赏析：1)
6、_ knows the truth will tell you about it. 不论谁知道真相都会告诉你的。2) _ surprised me most was that she spoke Japanese so well.使我们感到非常惊奇的是她日语讲得如此得好。3) _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.哪一个队将赢得比赛是公众关心的事。3. 连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句when, whenever, where, w
7、herever, how, however, why在主语从句中起副词的作用，作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。When they will start hasnt been decided yet. 他们将何时动身还没有决定。Whenever you come is OK. 你无论何时来都行。Where he has been is still a puzzle. 他曾去过什么地方仍是个迷。Wherever she wants to go is not allowed. 无论她想要去哪儿都是不被允许的。How he became a great scientist is known to al
8、l. 他是怎样成为伟大科学家的这一点众所周知。However late you come doesnt matter. 无论你来的有多晚都没关系。Why he did it wasnt quite clear. 他为什么作那件事是不清楚的。典题赏析：1) _ he wont go there _ clear to all of us. 他为什么不去那儿我们大家都很清楚。2) _ this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。3) _ he goes is welcome. 不论他去哪儿都会受到欢迎。4. 用it作形式主语的主语从句如果主
9、语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有：It+be+形容词+that，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all. 地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。It is known to us all that the earth turns ar
10、ound the sunWhether he will come or not is not clear.他是否要来还不清楚。It is not clear whether/if he will come or not.It+be+名词+that常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no wonder, good news, common knowledge等。It is a pity that he didnt pass the exam. 他没有通过考试真遗憾。It is a wonder that h
11、e survived the crash. 他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹。It is no wonder that he has achieved so much success. 难怪他取得如此大的成功。It+be+动词过去分词+that常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped, thought, decided, ordered等。It is said that he is a famous writer. 据说他是位著名的作家。It is reported that there will be a storm this
12、afternoon. 据报道今天下午有暴风雨。It+特殊动词+that常见的特殊动词有seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make a difference等。It seems that it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。It happened that I didnt take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。It occurred to me that I didnt close the window. 我突然想起我没有关窗户。注：what与that引导主语从句时的区别：wha
13、t不但起连接作用，而且有具体意义，意为“的事情/东西”，在从句中作主语或宾语。而that在从句中无词义，不作成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。即what作成分，有意思，不能省略；that不作成分，没有意思，不能省略。ks5uks5uKs5uWhat surprises us is that computers can recognise human voices.让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声音。What we lack is knowledge. 我们缺乏的是知识。That he comes from the USA is known to us all. 我们大家都知道他来自美国。典题赏析
14、：1) _ is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。2) _ _ probable _ he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。3) Its _ _ that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。4) She is very kind to everyone. It is _ _ that she is welcome everywhere. 她对大家都很友好，难怪她到处都受到欢迎。5) _ _ that I was on the spot of the accident at
15、 that time. 碰巧那时我在事故的现场。6) It is _ _Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。7) It doesnt _ _ she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。8) It _ _ difference _ we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。9) It _ _ me that he was jealous. 我突然想起他是在妒忌。二、表语从句(Predicative Clauses)表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。一般放在连系动词如be, seem,
16、 look等之后，引导表语从句的词有连词：that, whether；连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which等；连接副词：when, where, how, why等。1. 连词that, whether引导的表语从句that, whether在表语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。that一般无意义, 但不能省略； whether意为“是否”。The fact is that the boy is lying. 事实是那个男孩在撒谎。The trouble is that we are short of money. 问题在于我们缺钱。The reason is t
17、hat we cant get there on time. 原因是因为我们不能按时到达那儿。The first question is whether it is true or not. 首要的问题是这是否是真的。The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。典题赏析：1) The fact is _ we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 2) The question is _ the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。2. 连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从
18、句表语从句可由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等和连接副词when, where, how, why等来引导。The question is who should be to blame. 问题是谁该受责备。The problem is whom they are looking for. 问题是他们在找谁。China is not what it used to be. 中国不再是过去的中国了。This is how she did it. 这就是她怎样做的。That is where he was born. 那就是他出生的地方。That is why h
19、e was late. 那就是他迟到的原因。典题赏析：1) Thats just _ I want. 这正是我想要的。ks5uks5uks5u2) This is _ our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 3) That is _ he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。4) The problem is _ we can find him. 问题是我们如何能找到他。5) The problem is _ we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。3. 其他连词引导的表语从句beca
20、use, as, as if, as though等也可以引导表语从句。as, as if, as though引导的表语从句通常跟在seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等动词之后。I think it is because you are too serious. 我想这是因为你太认真的缘故。You look just as you looked ten years ago. 你看上去和十年前完全一样。I feel as if/though the house is shaking. 我感到房子好像在晃动。It looks as if/though i
21、t is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨了。It sounds as if/though someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。典题赏析：1) It looks _ it is going to snow. 看上去天要下雪了。2) It is _ I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。注：a. 当主语为表示“建议、命令、要求”等名词时，其表语从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。常见的名词有：advice, suggestion, proposal, order,
22、 demand等。 My suggestion/advice is that we (should) go there at once. 我的建议是我们应该马上去那儿。Her demand is that we (should) help her. 她的要求是我们应该帮助她。b. as if/though引导表语从句，表示与事实相符时，用陈述语气；表示与事实不相符时，用虚拟语气。It looks as if it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。（表示与事实相符时，用陈述语气。）It looks as if it were going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。
23、（表示与事实不相符时，用虚拟语气。）c. reason作主语时，其表语从句需用that引导，而不用because，这时that意为“因为”。但reason的定语从句常由why引起。The reason is that we cant get there on time. 原因是因为我们不能按时到达那儿。The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk. 这次交通事故的原因是因为司机酗酒。The reason why he was late was that he was ill. 他迟到的原因是因为他病了。典题赏析：1)
24、My proposal is that we _ (start) early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2) The order the professor gave was that the test _ (finish) before 7:30.教授指示考试须在七点半以前结束。3) It seems as if it _ (be) spring. 现在好像是春天似的。4) The reason _ he was absent was _ he was ill. 他缺席的原因是因为他病了。5) The reason _ he was late was _ he miss
25、ed the train. 他迟到的原因是因为他错过了火车。三、宾语从句(Objective Clauses)宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句可分为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。引导宾语从句的词有连词：that, whether, if；连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever；连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why。宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。1. 连词that，whether，if引导的
26、宾语从句that, whether, if在宾语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用。that无意义，可以省略；whether/if意为“是否”，不可省略。He said (that) he would help us. 他说他会帮助我们。I think (that) you are right. 我认为你是对的。We doubt whether/if he will come. 我们怀疑他是否要来。典题赏析：1) He told me _ he would go to the college the next year. 他告诉我他明年上大学。2) Nobody knew _ he could pa
27、ss the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试。2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。Do you know who they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？I dont know whose book this is. 我不知道这是谁的书。Pay attention to what the teacher said. 注意老师所说的话。Give a read
28、ing list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。I will take whichever book interests me. 我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。典题赏析：1) I dont know _ you mean. 我不知道你指谁。2) Please tell me _ you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。3) IIl do _ I can do. 我将做我所能做的事。4) You can take _ you like. 你爱拿哪个就拿哪个吧。3. 连接副词引导的宾语从句when, whenever, where, wherever, how, how
29、ever, why等引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中可以作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。I dont know when we will meet again. 我不知道我们何时才能再见面。Do you know why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗？I dont mind however late you come. 我不介意你来得多么晚。典题赏析：1) I asked _ he was getting on. 我问他情况怎样。2) He knows _ they live. 他知道他们住哪里。3) Id like to know _ they will let him out.
30、 我很想知道他们什么时候会放他出来。4. it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句feel, find, think, consider, believe, make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将that从句后置。（即结构：feel/find/think/consider/believe/make+it+OC+that）We feel it our duty that we should make our country a better place. 我们觉得使我们的国家成为一个更好的地方是我们的责任。We all find it important that we should lear
31、n English well. 我们都发现学好英语是重要的。He made it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea. 他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。I think it best that you should seek for a new solution to the problem. 我认为你最好寻找一个解决该问题的新办法。有些动词或短语后一般不直接接宾语从句，需在宾语从句前加it作形式宾语，这类动词有hate, like, dislike, love, hide, hear, take, see to, depend on, rel
32、y on, count on, enjoy, appreciate, answer for, feel like, be fond of等。（即结构：hate/like/dislike+it+宾语从句）I hate it when you look at me like that. 我不喜欢你看我的样子。One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind.人们常常听说旅行可以使人心胸开阔。He took it that we were to stay here for the night. 他以为我们要在这里过夜。I will appre
33、ciate it if you can help me. 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。Please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out. 出门时请务必带足够的钱。They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。典题赏析：1) I think _ necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.2) I feel _ a pity that I
34、havent been to the get-together. 我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.3) I have made _ a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯. 4) We all find _ important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.5) I hate _ when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。6) We take _ that you w
35、ill agree with us. 我们认为你会同意我们的。7) Please see to _ that you turn off the light when you leave the room.当你离开房间时，请务必关灯。8) We think _ our duty that we should pay taxes to our government. A. that B. this C. its D. it9) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D.
36、one10) Id appreciate _ if you would like to help me with my English. A. that B. it C. this D. you5. 宾语从句可以跟在及物动词（短语）后面，也可以跟在某些介词后面，还可以跟在某些形容词的后面。He says that he comes from Lianyungang. 他说他来自连云港。We always mean what we say. 我们向来说话算话。Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的
37、成功取决于我们互相之间合作得如何。He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.除了天下雨外，他每天都去图书馆。I like the book in that it is more interesting. 我喜欢这本书因为它更有趣。I am interested in how we use computer. 我对如何使用电脑感兴趣。Im sure that they will win. 我确信他们会赢。Im afraid that he is ill. 恐怕他病了。6. 宾语从句的否定转移若主句的主语为第一人称且为一般
38、现在时，主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。其反意疑问句的主语要与宾语从句中的主语保持一致，附加问句用肯定形式。I dont think you are right. 我认为你不对。I dont believe that he will keep his word. 我认为他不会守信的。We dont suppose that it is his fault, is it? 我们认为那不是他的过错，是不是？7. 复杂的特殊疑问句（又称双重疑问句）在某
39、些宾语从句中，宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前，构成特殊疑问形式，其结构为：特殊疑问词+do you+vt+宾语从句的其他部分（用陈述语序）？常见的用于此结构的动词有think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess, hope, say等。What do you think we will do next? 你认为我们下一步该怎么办？Who do you guess is on duty today? 你认为今天谁值日？How do you say they will go to Beijing? 你说
40、他们将怎样去北京？注：a. 在宾语从句中连词that常省略，但在以下几种情况下不可以省略。在某些动词如agree, argue, hold, observe, remark, state等之后that习惯上不省略；形式宾语it后that不能省略；动词和that从句中间有插入成分时不能省略；介词后面有that不能省略；有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，其余的都不能省略。He remarked that it was getting late. 他说天色渐晚了。We hold that he is wrong. 我们认为他错了。ks5uks5uks5uKS5UHe made
41、 it quite clear that he preferred coffee to tea. 他很明确地说他喜欢咖啡胜过茶。They will answer for it that the computer is reliable. 他们愿意保证这台电脑是可靠的。They told us once again that the situation was serious. 他们又一次告诉我们说形势很严重。The bus is empty except that there is an old lady in it. 除了有位老太太外，那辆公共汽车是空的。I like the book in
42、 that it is more interesting. 我喜欢这本书因为它更有趣。I think (that) he needs some help and that we should help him. 我认为他需要帮助，我们应该帮助他。b. 在宾语从句中连词whether, if常可互换，但在以下几种情况下不可以互换。宾语从句为否定句时，只能用if；在介词后面时，只能用whether；紧跟or not时，只能用whether；后接不定式时，只能用whether；某些动词（discuss, doubt, leave, put）后只能用whether；宾语从句位于句首时，只能用wheth
43、er；在引起歧义的情况下，应用whether。I dont care if he doesnt come. 我不关心他是否不来。Im not sure of whether it will rain. 我不能确定天是否下雨。I dont care whether or not she will attend the meeting. 我根本不关心她是否参加会议。I havent decided whether to go there by bus. 我还没有决定是否做公交车去那儿。ks5uks5uKs5uWe discussed whether we should make a change
44、in our plan. 我们讨论是否改动我们计划。Whether he can finish the work or not, I cant say. 他是否能完成这项工作，我说不准。Please let me know whether you need my help. 请让我知道你是否需要我帮忙。c. 在“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。常见的动词有：insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, desire, request
45、等。（即：一坚持二命令三建议四要求。）He insisted that he (should ) be sent to Tibet. 他坚决要求被派往西藏。The officer ordered that the soldiers (should) start at once.那位军官命令战士们应该马上动身。d. 宾语从句的时态。当主句中的谓语是现在时或将来时时，从句中的谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可以根据需要使用任何时态。当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句的时态用相应的过去时态；若从句叙述的是客观真理或事实时，从句的时态则用一般现在时。She says that she works every d
46、ay. 她说她每天工作。（从句用一般现在时）She says that she will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.她说明天她要动身去上海。（从句用一般将来时）She says that she has never been to Mount Emei.她说她从未去过峨眉山。（从句用现在完成时）He said that there were no classes yesterday. 他说昨天没有课。（从句用一般过去时）He said that he would attend a party. 他说他要参加一个聚会。（从句用过去将来时）He said that h
47、e had never been to Yunnan. 他说他从未去过云南。（从句用过去完成时）He said that the earth is round. 他说地球是圆的。（客观事实，从句用一般现在时）四、同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）在复合句中用作名词同位语的从句，叫做同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词的后面，用以解释或说明前面的名词。常见的名词有：idea, news, fact, promise, answer, belief, doubt, hope, information, knowledge, law, opinion, plan, advice, sugg
48、estion, thought, truth, message, word, question, problem, report, order, feeling, warning, possibility, fear, statement, explanation, wish等。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, what, which等；连接副词how, when, where, why等。1. 连词that，whether引导的同位语从句that，whether引导同位语从句，它们只起连接作用，不作句子成分。that无意义，whether意为“是否”，都不
49、能省略。We heard the news that our team had won。我们听到了我们队胜利的消息。The fact that he had said nothing surprised us. 他什么也没说这一事实使我们感到惊奇。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许下诺言，如果有人把我放了，我将使他很富有。Word came that he failed in the exam. 他考试不及格的消息传来了。The question whether we need m
50、ore time to do the work hasnt been discussed.我们是否需要更多的时间来做这份工作这一问题还没有被讨论。There is great doubt whether he is guilty or not. 他是否有罪有很大的怀疑。典题赏析：1) It is a fact _ smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。2) There is no doubt _ he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。3) Word came _ I was wanted at the office. 办公室有人找我的
51、消息传来了。4) The story goes _ he beats his wife. 传说他打老婆。5) I have no idea _ hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。2. 连接代词who, what, which等引导的同位语从句who, what, which等引导的同位语从句，在同位语从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，有具体的意思且不能省略。I have no idea who will go there. 我不知道谁将去那儿。Do you have any idea what is going on there? 你知道那儿正在发生什么事？I have no
52、 idea which book you like best. 我不知道你最喜欢哪本书。典题赏析：ks5uks5uks5u1) The question _ should do the work need consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。2) I have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials. 我不知道我们该怎样处理这些费原料。3) I have no idea _ film you like best. 我不知道你最喜欢哪部电影。3. 连接副词how，when，where，why等引导的同位语从句when
53、，how，where，why等引导同位语从句，在从句中作状语，有具体的意思且不能省略。I have no idea when he will be back。我不知道他何时会回来。You have no idea how worried I was. 你不知道我有多担心啊。I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去了哪里。The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.地球为什么变得越来越暖这一问题仍在讨论中。典题赏析：1) It is a question _ he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。2) I have no idea _ he will be back 我不知道他将何时回来。版权所有：高考资源网()