1、专题三形容词和副词(一)语法讲练过知识关要点一形容词和副词的比较级与最高级1比较级与最高级的构成(1)规则变化：名师指津有些形容词和副词没有程度可分或形容词和副词本身就是某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。如right, wrong, excellent, extreme, perfect, possible, empty, greatly, very等。(2)不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad(badly)/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/fur
2、thestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest名师指津farther和farthest分别指时间或空间上“较远”“最远”。elder不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，且仅用于同辈之间的排行。elder sister姐姐；elder brother哥哥。2比较级的用法(1)比较级的常见结构表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”结构。This computer is less expensive than mine.这部电脑没有我的贵。表示一方程度随另一方程度平行变化时，用“the比较级.，the比较级.”，意为“越就越”。The busier he is, t
3、he happier he feels.他越忙就越感到高兴。不与其他事物相比较，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级and比较级”结构，意为“越来越”。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们学校变得越来越漂亮了。表示“和一样不”时，用“no比较级than”结构。You are no taller than I.你和我一样矮。“the比较级of the two名词”表示“两个中较的那个”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.那两个男孩中较高的那个是我的哥哥。(2)比较级形式表示最高级意义的表达方
4、式否定式谓语比较级比较级thanany other单数名词比较级thanall the other单数名词比较级thananyone/anything else比较级thanany of the other复数名词比较级thanthe rest of复数名词或不可数名词I have never spent a more worrying day.这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。Every morning he arrives earlier than any other student in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than all
5、the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than anyone else in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than any ot the other students in the class.Every morning he arrives earlier than the rest of students in the class.每天早上他都是班里来得最早的。(3)修饰比较级的常用词和短语有rather, much, still, even
6、, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, (by) far, a bit等。The students study even harder than before.学生们比以前学习更努力了。3最高级的用法(1)(序数词)形容词最高级(名词)表示范围的状语She is the most active student in our class.她是我们班最活跃的学生。(2)one of形容词最高级名词复数Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in our country.Shanghai is among the biggest
7、 cities in our country.上海是我国最大的城市之一。(3)常用的最高级的修饰语有by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等。Id like to buy the second mostt expensive camera.我想买便宜一点的照相机。名师指津by far通常用来修饰最高级，但也可修饰比较级，修饰比较级时，一般放在比较级后面，若在前面，应在两者之间加the。The book is better by far than that one.这本书要比那本书好得多。He is by far the tall
8、er of the two brothers.他是两兄弟中较高的那一个。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _(long) than nonrunners.解析考查副词。句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。答案longer2(2018全国卷)He screams the _(loud) of all.解析考查副词最高级。根据语境和空后的of all的修饰可知，空处应用副词的最高级。答案loudest3(2017全国
9、卷)Even _(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.解析even常用来修饰形容词的比较级，故答案为worse。类似句式还有：whats worse(更糟糕的是)，worse still(更糟糕的是)。答案worse4(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of _(great) and less importance.解析本空所填之词与less
10、是并列关系，应用比较级的形式。答案greater.单句改错1(2018全国卷)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people._解析考查形容词。此处无比较级含义，故用原级。答案largerlarge2(2018浙江卷改编)There could be an even high cost on your health._解析考查形容词的比较级。根据even并结合语境可知，此处表示“更高的代价”，故需要用high的比较级higher。答案higher3(2016全国卷)The teenage years from 13 to 1
11、9 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life._解析and连接两个并列成分，前面是the best，后面也要是最高级，因此要把worse改为worst。答案worseworst4(2016浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late._解析late为形容词，later为副词，此处表示几年之后，故用later。答案
12、latelater5(2015陕西卷)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help._解析表示二者比较用比较级；表示三者或三者以上比较用最高级。答案betterbest要点二形容词、副词词形变化或词性转换一、名词变形容词的方法1一些名词，包括一些与“天气有关的名词，后面加y可变成形容词。如rainrainy, cloudcloudy, windwindy, snowsnowy等。2一些抽象名词在其词尾加ful可以变为形容词。如carecareful, helphelpful, us
13、euseful等。3一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加ese或n构成形容词。如JapanJapanese, AmericaAmerican, AustraliaAustralian等。注意：CanadaCanadian, ChinaChinese, EnglandEnglish。4在名词后加ous变成形容词。如dangerdangerous等。5在名词后加ly变成形容词。如friendfriendly, lovelovely等。6在名词后加less变成含有否定意义的形容词。如carecareless(粗心的), useuseless(无用的), hopehopeless(没希望的), homeh
14、omeless(无家可归的)等。7一些以ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容词。如differencedifferent, silencesilent等。8在名词后加al或去掉e再加al或inal构成形容词。如criticcritical, naturenatural, crimecriminal等。二、形容词变副词的方法1一般在形容词的词尾加ly将其变成副词。如quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly等。2一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把y改为i，再加ly。如happyhappily, angryangrily,
15、 luckyluckily, heavyheavily, noisynoisily等。3有些以ble或le结尾的形容词，去掉e再加y。如possiblepossibly, terribleterribly等。4少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly。如truetruly等。但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加ly。如politepolitely, widewidely等。5以l结尾的形容词要在词尾加ly，以ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加y。如usualusually, carefulcarefully, usefulusefully, fullfully等。注意事项1以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个
16、辅音字母的名词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加y。如：sunsunny, funfunny等。2少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应去掉e，再加y。如：noisenoisy, iceicy等。热点即训.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and its always _(energy)解析考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。答案energetic2(2018全国卷)According to the
17、World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _(globe) fertilizer consumption.解析考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式作定语。答案global3(2016全国卷)The title will be _(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.解析修饰动词应用副词形式。答案officially4(2016浙江卷)When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practi
18、ce I remember well years _.解析几年之后，应是years later。答案later5(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.解析空格前的their是形容词性物主代词，其后应该接名词。答案ability.单句改错1(2016四川卷)The dishes that I cooked wer
19、e Moms favoritest._解析句意：我做的菜是妈妈的最爱。本题中favorite一词误用了最高级，该词用作形容词时意为“特别受喜爱的”，用作名词时意为“特别喜爱的人(或事物)”。该词本身已包含最高级的含义，没有比较级或最高级。答案favoritestfavorite2(2016全国卷)At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._解析此处考查固定短语，be free from“免于”，故应把freely改为free。答案freelyf
20、ree3(2015浙江卷)On the lefthand side of the class, I could easy see the football field._解析修饰动词应用副词而不用形容词；修饰名词应用形容词而不用副词。答案easyeasily4(2015陕西卷)I thought the biscuits were really well._解析系动词后作表语应用形容词而不用副词。答案wellgood5(2014辽宁卷)Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day._解析beside表示“在旁边”；beside
21、rs表示“除此之外”，故把beside改为besides。答案BesideBesides(二)语法写作过应用关形容词和副词在书面表达中的增分点增分技法1正确使用形容词和副词。那天我病得很厉害，不幸的是，爸爸也不在家。I was seriously ill that day, but unfortunately, Dad wasnt at home.又惊又怕，他不知道该怎么办。Frightened and surprised, he was at a loss what to do.2正确使用比较级、最高级。说着容易做着难。Its easier said than carried out.现在，
22、学好英语是你最最重要的事情。At the moment, learning English well is by far the most important thing for you.巧用增分终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(hungry, tired)At_last,_we_arrived_home,_hungry_and_tried.唱歌可以使人放松，也可以帮助减轻压力。(sing songs, relaxing, reduce stress)Singing_songs_is_relaxing,_which_can_help_reduce_stress.我听说你上周病了。你现在轻一点了吗？
23、 (beill, any better)I_hear_that_you_were_ill_last_week._Are_you_any_better_now?我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)I_think_English_is_much_easier_and_much_more_interesting_than_math.专题过关训练.单句语法填空1(2018河北邯郸大名一中模拟)Indeed, travelling around this country will _(true) give you an amazing experience because o
24、f its interesting things offered to all types of tourists.答案truly2In some _(crowd) cities, the car has polluted the air so badly that people get sick just from breathing it.答案crowded3(2018河南南阳一中模拟)For example, it is thought that many physical problems and other conditions are made _(bad) by an incre
25、ased level of stress.答案worse4Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them _(good)答案better5The better we get into good eating habits, the _(happy) our life will become.答案happier6(2018湖北沙市中学模拟)How much _(beautiful) she looked without her glasses!答案more beautiful.单句改错1(2018河北邯
26、郸模拟)However, just several days late, I began to feel tired and couldnt concentrate in class._答案latelater2(2018陕西西安长安一中模拟)The more I learn English, the easy it becomes._答案easyeasier3The government should close the city center to all traffic except buses and bikes, and build very larger car parks outs
27、ide the town._答案largerlarge4(2018吉林长春模拟)Ehongbao is actual a kind of lucky money from and to relatives and friends during festivals or on special occasions._答案actualactually5(2018河南郑州模拟)Dont panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly._答案calmlycalm.写作训练1运用语法写靓句终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(arrive,
28、 tried)_我听说你上周病了。你现在好一点了吗？(ill, better)_我认为英语要比数学容易得多、有趣得多。(使用much修饰比较级)_说着容易做着难。(carry out)_现在，学好英语是你最重要的事情。(moment, by far)_而且，网络也起着重要作用。(play)_答案At last, we arrived home, tired and hungry.I hear that you were ill last week. Are you any better now?I think English is much easier and much more inter
29、esting than math.Its easier said than carried out.At the moment, learning English well is by far the most important thing for you.Morever, the Internet also plays an important part.2语法填空(2018湖南郴州模拟)High in thick bamboo forests in the misty, _(rain) mountains of southwestern China _(live) one of the
30、worlds rarest mammals: the giant panda, also called the panda. Only about 1,000 of these blackandwhite _(relative) of bears survive in the wild.Pandas eat almost nothing _ bamboo shoots and leaves. _(occasion) they eat other plants, fish, or small animais, but bamboo accounts _ 99 percent of their d
31、iets. Pandas eat fast; they eat a lot, and they spend about 12 hours a day _(do) it. The reason is that they digest only about a _ (five) of what they eat. Overall, bamboo is not very nutritious. To stay healthy, they have to eat a lotup to 15 percent of their body weight in 12 hoursso they eat fast
32、.Pandas molars(臼齿) are very broad and flat. The shape of these teeth helps the animals crush the bamboo shoots, leaves, and stems they eat. _(get) the bamboo to their mouths, they hold the stems with their front claws, which have enlarged wrist bones that act as thumbs for grasping things. A panda s
33、hould have at least two bamboo species where it lives, or it will starve. Pandas are shy; they never leave areas _ they live. This restricts pandas to very limited areas.答案rainylivesrelativesbutOccasionallyfordoingfifthTo getwhere3短文改错(2018德州模拟)I have been away from my hometown for more than ten yea
34、rs. I heard of that great changes have taken place here. In the past, there used to being a clear river running through it. People worked hard all year round but live a poor life. Now peoples dream of living a richer life have come true. Tall buildings can be seen somewhere, but pollution is also be
35、coming more seriously. To our happy, people have realized most important task is to protect the environment. I believe the future of your hometown will be better and better.答案4写一篇短文(2018湖南师大附属中学月考)假定你是学生会主席李华，学生会将举行迎新联欢晚会，请你给外籍教师Tom写一封邀请函。内容包括：1晚会时间7：00 pm.9：00 pm. next Friday；2晚会地点Students Meeting
36、Hall；3表演内容；4邀请对方参加表演以及询问对方的意愿。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3邀请信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tom，How are you doing？_Im looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua答案Dear_Tom，How_are_you_doing? Currently, in order to welcome the new students, an evening party will be held in our school. As the Chairman of the
37、 Students Union, Im writing to invite you to join us.Here is a brief schedule. First, it will be held in the Students Meeting Hall from 7：00 pm. to 9：00 pm. next Friday. Additionally, there will be many wonderful performances presented by the teachers and students, such as singing, dancing, performi
38、ng plays and so on. Everyone is longing for your coming, and it would be more cheerful if you could give a performance.I sincerely hope that you can accept our invitation and I have the confidence that we students would be extremely delighted to see you. Please let me know your decision if it is convenient for you.Im_looking_forward_to_your_reply.Yours，Li_Hua
