1、VI 形容词和副词的比较等级一、形容词的比较等级。大多数形容词有比较等级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，都是用来表示事物的等级差别的。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级的构成有规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化词类构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加- er /或- est / ist /hardgreathardergreaterhardestgreatest以字母e结尾的加- r或- stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加- er或- estwetfatthinwetter
2、fatterthinnerwettestfattestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先变y为i，再加- er或- estbusydirtybusierdirtierbusiestdirtiest单音节词和部分双音节词在形容词前加more或mostpoliteexcitinginterestingmore politemore excitingmore interestingmost politemost excitingmost interesting不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoremostlit
3、tlelessleastfarfartherfurtherfarthest (距离远近)furthest (程度高低)oldolderelderoldest (新旧)eldest (长幼顺序)（一）形容词的原级1、原级的基本用法。（1）形容词原级的肯定句形式。句型：“ as +形容词原级+ as ”，句型中两者比较，程度相同。如：This coat is as old as that one. 这件外套和那件一样旧。（2）形容词原级的否定句形式。句型：“ not +as / so +形容词原级+ as ”，这个句型表示两者程度不同，即“不如那么”。如：The weather in Beijin
4、g is not as / so hot as that in Shanghai. 北京的天气不如上海的热。（二）形容词的比较级。1、比较级的基本用法。句型：形容词比较级+than 意为“比更一些”。如：He is older than his deskmate. 他比他同桌年龄大。 She is taller than I. 她比我高。2、比较级的特殊用法。（1）表示倍数。times + as +形容词原级+ as表示“是的倍”。如：This tree is three times taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高三倍。（2）表示数量的词+形容词比较级表示“高几米
5、”、“大几岁”等。如：She is a head taller than I /me. 她比我高一个头。（3）比较级+than any other +单数名词表示“比其他任何都”。此句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。如：He is younger than any other student in our class. = He is the youngest in our class. 他在我们班里比其他任何一个学生都小。（4）比较级+ and +比较级，表示“越来越”.如：The earth is getting warmer and warmer. 地球变得越来越暖和。（5）the +
6、比较级，the +比较级，表示“越,就越”。如：The busier we are, the happier we feel. 我们越忙就越高兴。（6）the +比较级+ of the two +名词复数表示“两个中比较的”。如：He is the shorter of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中比较矮的。（7）选择疑问句Which / Who +动词+比较级，A or B？表示“比较A和B，哪一个更？”如：Who is thinner, you or your sister? 你和你妹妹谁更瘦？I am. 我。Which looks more beautiful. 这个短裙和
7、那个短裙哪个更漂亮？This one. 这个更漂亮。（三）形容词的最高级。1、最高级的基本用法。三者或三者衣裳（人或事物）的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时，用最高级。常用“the +最高级+比较范围”结构，比较范围常用of, in, among引导的短语表达。如：Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。2、最高级的特殊用法。（1）one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词表示“是最之一”。如：Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 北京市中国最美丽的城
8、市之一。（2）most +复数名词，most of + the / ones +复数名词，most of +代词表示“大多数，大部分”（most前不加冠词the）如：Most people like pets. 大多数人喜欢宠物。 Most of his books were written here. 他的大部分书是在这儿写的。（3）Which / Who +动词+ the +形容词最高级？表示“哪一个最为呢？”，用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较。如：Which is the easiest of the three questions? 三个问题中的哪个最容易？The second on
9、e (is). 第二个。Which tastes the most delicious, a hamburger, pizza or sushi? 汉堡包，披萨饼和寿司，哪种最好吃？Sushi, I think. 我认为是寿司。二、副词的比较等级1、副词比较等级的构成。（1）规则副词比较等级的构成。原级比较级最高级hardharderhardestlonglongerlongestlatelaterlatestquicklymore quicklymore quicklyhappilymore happilymore happily（2）不规则副词比较等级的构成。原级比较级最高级wellbet
10、terbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest2、副词原级的用法。（1）表示程度相同。肯定结构用“ as +副词原级+ as”，否定结构用“not as /so +副词原级 +as”。如：I cant walk so / as fast as you can. 我走得不能像你一样快。（2）“倍数词（half, twice, three times ）+ as +副词原级+ as”结构表示“是的倍”。如：He can write twice as fast as I
11、can. 他写字速度比我快一倍。/他写字速度是我的两倍。（3）“主语+谓语（行为动词）+ as +副词原级+ as +主语（同前面主语一致）+can / could或possible”表示主语所能做到的极限。如：I will write you back as quickly as I can.或I will write you back as quickly as possible. 我将尽可能快地给你回复。3、副词比较级的用法。（1）A+动词（实义动词）+副词的比较级+ than + B如：I got up earlier than my mother this morning. 今天早晨
12、我起得比妈妈早。（2）说明“和B比起来，更喜欢A”时，用“like A better than B”句型。如：I like spring better than winter. 春天和动态相比，我更喜欢春天。【链接】句型“prefer A to B”也有“喜欢A胜于B”的意思，因此上面例句还可写为：I prefer spring to winter。（3）用“副词比较级+ and +副词比较级”结构表示“越来越”。如：They walked more and more slowly. 他们越走越慢。（4）“much / even a lot +副词比较级+than”强调比较级超过的程度。如：J
13、ane ran much faster than the other girls. 简跑得比其他女孩儿快得多。（5）“the +比较级，the +比较级”表示“越，越”。如：The harder you study, the more you will learn. 你越是用功学习，就越能学到更多东西。（6）more than（多于）和less than（少于）常用作副词修饰数词。如：More than ten teachers are studying. 十多个教师在学习。4、副词最高级的用法。用“the +副词最高级形式+ in / of / among”结构，但其中的the常省略。如：H
14、e writes most carefully in his class. 他在班上书写地最仔细。真题操练1. Which one of those two houses would you buy?I would buy the _ one, because I have a big family. A. largerB. largestC. smallerD. smallest2. Lets go to the new restaurant on 24th street for dinner tonight.We can cook it at home. Its _. A. expensi
15、veB. more expensiveC. less expensiveD. the most expensive3. Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make.We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the fewer B. The more; the fewC. The more; the less4. I hope the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games will be _ of all.Me, too. It sure will be! A. e
16、xcitingB. betterC. more importantD. the most successful5. Jack, how are you feeling today?Much _. I think I can go to school tomorrow. A. betterB. worseC. brighterD. weaker6. The number of giant pandas is getting _ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. A. less and lessB. larger and larg
17、erC. smaller and smallerD. fewer and fewer7. Who runs _, Lisa, Eliza or Tara?Eliza does. A. fastB. fasterC. the fastestD. most fast8. What bad weather!Yes. The radio says it will be even _ later on. A. hadB. badlyC. worseD. worst9. How far is it to the airport? 20 kilometers?No, its _. About 30 kilometers. A. farB. fartherC. the fartherD. the farthest10. Who goes to school earliest in Miss Lis class?Jenny goes to school _ than any other student in her class. A. earlyB. earlierC. earliestD. the earliest答案：1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. B
