1、X 复合句一、并列复合句。 并列复合句根据分句之间所用连词的不同分为：联合并列句、转折并列句、选择并列句和因果并列句。1、联合并列句用连词：and, not only but also , neither nor 。（1）and和，与，并且。I said it and I did it.我说到做到。（2）not only but also 不但而且Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.他不仅仅喜欢看故事，还会写故事呢。（3）neither nor 既不也不。Neither he has im
2、proved his work, nor is he willing to.他既没有改进他的工作，并且也不愿意改进。2、转折并列句用连词：but, yet, while, however。（1）but但是。He is rich but he is not happy. 他很有钱但是却不快乐。（2）yet然而。It is strange, yet it is true. 这件事很奇怪，然而却是真实的。3、选择并列句用连词：either or , or。（1）either or 或者或者Either he could not come or he did not want to. 他要么是不能来要
3、么就是不想来。（2）or 否则，或者，或。Hurry up, or youll be late. 快点，否则你们会迟到。4、因果并列句用连词for, so。（1）for因为（表示较为明显的原因，for前常用“，”与前一分句隔开）。I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do. 我不得不熬夜，因为我有许多工作要做。（2）so所以，因此，于是（so前常用“，”与前一分句隔开）。Kate was ill, so she didnt go to school. 凯特生病了，因此她没去上学。二、主从复合句。 主语从复合句根据从句在复合句中充
4、当的成分不同，可以分成宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。1、宾语从句。（1）从句的“前身”是陈述句，在变成宾语从句时，用连词that连接。that无实义，也不在从句中充当成分，所以通常可以省略。I remember (that) Ive locked the door. 我记得我锁了门。（2）从句的“前身”是一般疑问句或者是由一般疑问句领起的选择疑问句，在变成宾语从句时，用连词if / whether连接，意为“是否”。I want to know whether (if) they have finished the work. 我想知道他们是否已完成工作了。（3）从句的“前身”是特殊疑问句，
5、在变成宾语从句时，就用本身的特殊疑问词（代词who, whom, whose, what, which；副词when, where, how, why）连接。这些连接词从而改称为关系代词或关系副词，它们本身在从句中充当某一成分。He asked who taught us English. 他问谁教我们英语。Do you know whom / who he is waiting for? 你知道他在等谁吗？The teacher asked the students whose book that was. 老师问学生那是谁的书。He asked what the bridge was ma
6、de of. 他问这座桥是用什么建成的。（4）直接引语和间接引语。直接引语就是一字不改地引用或复数别人的话，必修房子引号中；间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话，不必用引号。Jane said, “Im reading a newspaper from Canada.”（直接引语）Jane said that she was reading a newspaper from Canada.（间接引语）2、状语从句。状语从句在主从复合句中作状语。状语从句都是由从属连词引导。位于句首时，常用逗号分开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。其结构是：主句+连词+从句或者连词+从句，主句。根据状语性质的不同可以
7、分为以下八种状语从句：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。（1）时间状语从句由when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等引导。时间状语从句要特别注意时态的搭配，主句是一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时。when, while, as当/正当的时候。The students were singing an English song when the teacher came in.老师进来的时候，学生们正在唱英语歌曲。We got there
8、 while they were having a meeting. 他们正在开会时，我们到了那儿。As / While they were having supper, someone called on her. 正当他们吃饭时，有人来找她。before / after在之间。Please turn off the light before you leave the room. 离开房间之前请把灯关掉。We played for an hour after school was over. 放学以后，我们玩了一个小时。since 自从以来。Its ten years since I st
9、udied English. 我学英语十年了。till / until直到为止。两者可互换，但用于句首只能用until。主句是肯定句时，动词只能用延续性动词；主句是否定句时，动词用延续性、短暂性都行。Ill wait for you until / till you come to see me. 我会一直等到你来看我。Until the up as soon as I get to Beijing. 直到音乐会开始，他才露面。as soon as一就Ill ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（2）条件状语从句由if, u
10、nless, as long as等引导，如果主句是将来时态、祈使句、含情态动词，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。if如果，假如。Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我将会去长城。unless = if not 除非，如果不。He is sure to come unless he is very busy. 他一定会来，除非他很忙。as long as只要。You can take the book away as long as you like it. 只要你喜欢，你就可以带走这本书。（3）原因状语从句由b
11、ecause, as, since等引导。because“因为”，语气最强，表示直接的、必然的因果关系，不可以与so连用。She is late because she is ill. 她迟到了，因为她生病了。as“由于”，语气最弱，表间接或客观原因。As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 由于天气很好，我们决定爬山。since“既然”，表示稍加分析推断出来的原因或指已知事实。Since he is busy, I wont trouble him. 既然他很忙，我就不打扰他了。（4）目的状语从句由that, so
12、that, in order that等连接。that = so that以便，为了He works hard at his lessons (so) that he can catch up with his classmates.为了能赶上同学们，他努力学习功课。in order that以便，为了In order that he could catch the early bus, he got up early. 为了能赶上早班车，他起得很早。（5）结果状语从句由so that , such that , so that连接。so that 如此以至于We have so much t
13、ime that we can finish the work very well.我们有如此多的时间以至于我们能很好地完成工作。such that 如此以至于The students have such good teachers that they are good at all their lessons.那些学生有如此好的教师以至于他们把所有的功课都学得很好。so that 所以。He was ill so that he didnt go to school. 他生病了，所以没有去上学。（6）比较状语从句由连词as as , not so (as) as ，比较级+ than连接。a
14、s as和一样。（用于同级比较）He doesnt earn as much as I do. 他挣的钱不如我多。比较级+ than比更It was much better than Id expected. 这比我预料的要好得多。（7）让步状语从句由连词though, although, even if, even though, however, wherever, whenever, no matter +疑问词等连接。though, although尽管，虽然。Though / Although I got there early, I wasnt able to get a tick
15、et.我尽管很早到了那儿，但还是买不到票。even if, even though虽然，尽管。Even if it was blowing strongly, they came here in order to see you.虽然刮着大风，他们还是专程来看你。He can take good care of himself, even though he is young.尽管他很年轻，但他还是可以照顾好自己。however无论怎样。However early I arrived, I was unable to see him. 无论我到得多早，我还是见不到他。wherever无论哪里。
16、Ill go with you wherever you go. 无论你去哪里，我都要跟你一起去。whenever无论何时。You will be warmly welcome whenever you come.无论你什么时候来，你都将受到热烈的欢迎。no matter +疑问词=疑问词+ever合成词。She says shell go no matter who tries to stop her. 她说不管谁来阻拦，她都要去。（8）方式状语从句由as, as if, as though连接。as像那样，按照。The old couple treated her as she was t
17、heir own daughter.那对老夫妇待她就像自己的亲生女儿一样。as if / as though好像。You look very happy as if / as though youve had a good time. 你看起来好像玩得很开心。3、定语从句。在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前，引导定语从句的关系词为关系词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词when, where, why等，关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于先行词的意义。定语从句的基本结构为
18、：先行词+关系词+定语从句。（1）先行词表示的，用who, that, whom, whose引导。who, that可作从句中的主语、宾语、表语；whom可作从句中的宾语。The boy broke the window is called Roy. 打坏窗户的男孩是罗伊。The noodles that I cooked were delicious. 我做的面条很好吃。The man whom you are waiting for cant come today. 你在等的那个人今天不能来了。whose作从句中的定语，先行词可指人也可指物。The girl whose name is
19、Jane is my good friend. 那个名叫简的女孩是我的好朋友。（2）先行词表示物时，用关系代词that, which引导，that, which在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。Tom told his mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。The room which Mr. Li lives in is a good one. 李先生住的那个房间条件优越。（3）先行词表示时间时，用关系副词when引导，when在从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I met him. 我还记得我遇
20、见他的那一天。（4）先行词表示地点时，用关系副词where引导，where在从句中作地点状语。Have you ever returned to the school where you studied? 你回过你曾经读书的那个学校吗？（5）先行词表示原因时，用关系副词why引导，先行词只有reason一词。Do you know the reason why she was late? 你知道她迟到的原因吗？1. When are you going to tell Henry the good news?_ he comes back.A. SinceB. As soon asC. Bec
21、auseD. Until2. Were going to the bookstore, You can come with us _ you can meet us there later.A. andB. butC. orD. then3. I wonder _.A. how much cost these shoesB. how much these shoes costC. how much do these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost4. The football match _ I watched yesterday is
22、fantastic!A. whenB. thatC. whatD. who5. I dont know if my uncle _. If he _.A. comes; will comeB. will come; will comeC. comes; comesD. will come; comes6. We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which7. Last night Jody worked _ late _ she didnt catch the f
23、irst bus this morning.A. as; asB. as; thatC. so; thatD. so; unless8. Tim didnt have dinner _ he finished watching the cartoon.A. whileB. unlessC. untilD. since9. I cant join the are club _ I have no time to take part in its activities.A. becauseB. soC. thoughD. but10. _ he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.A. ButB. ThoughC. SoD. Because答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. B
