1、安徽省六校教育研究会2020届高三英语上学期第一次素质测试试题（含解析）注意事项:1.本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3.考试作答时，请将答案正确地填写在答题卡上。第 I 卷每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答 题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；第卷请用直径 0.5 毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各 题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第 I 卷第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分) 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟
2、的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分)听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下 一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What does the man want to do?A. See a show.B. Book a ticket.C. Get his money back.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Excuse me, maam, but the sign o
3、ut says this is the greatest show on earth. Well, I just went to see the show, and I dont think it was the greatest. Can I have my money back?W: Im sorry, but we cant do that. We dont promise that everyone will like it.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When does the man plan to arrive at the airport?A. At 2:00.B.
4、 At 2:30.C. At 4:30.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: What time do you have to leave for the airport?M: The security is pretty tight so I should get there early. I plan on arriving there 2 hours before my flight leaves. The flight takes off at 4:30, so3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Why does the man talk with the woman?A. To get
5、 a prize.B. To interview her.C. To buy a book.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Good morning, Mrs. Wilson. Im from the New York Book Review. Could I ask you some questions about the prize you received this afternoon?W: Certainly. What would you like to know?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. A
6、 running tiger.B. A book about legends.C. A tourist attraction.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Everyone, please come closer. Now were visiting Tiger-running Spring.M: I dont think the spring looks like a running tiger.W: Well, its name comes from a legend that two tigers ran here and made a hole, and then a spring
7、came out of it.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What made the woman surprised?A. The mans diet.B. The mans lifestyle.C. The mans weight loss.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Look at you, Mark. How did you make it?M: Well, I used to eat a lot. But now when I eat I use smaller plates, knives, forks and glasses.W: Dont you exercise
8、?M: I dont go to the gym. But I walk a lot.第二节(共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项 中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6. What position will the woman apply for?A. A salesperson
9、.B. An assistant.C. A director.7. What does the man think of working on a ship?A. Tiring.B. Boring.C. Interesting.【答案】6. A 7. C【解析】【原文】W: I really need to find a new job!M: So do I. Do you see anything good listed?W: How about this telephone sales job? You call people and try to sell them magazines.
10、M: That sounds boring. And anyway, Im not good at selling.W: Well, I am! I might check that one out. Oh, heres one for you. An entertainment director assistant on a ship.M: That sounds like fun. I love traveling, and Ive never been on a ship.W: It says here you have to work every day while the ship
11、is at sea. Thatll be tiring.M: Thats OK. I dont mind working long hours if the pay is good. I think Ill apply for it.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. What is the special for today?A. The steak.B. The chips.C. The chicken.9. What type of bread does the woman want?A. Italian.B. Honey wheat.C. Who
12、le wheat.【答案】8. A 9. B【解析】【原文】M: Welcome to Subway. What can I get for you? Todays daily special is the steak and cheese sandwich.W: Mmm. Steak sounds good. But I think Im going to go with chicken today.M: No problem. And what kind of bread would you like with that? We have Italian, honey wheat, who
13、le wheatW: Whole wheat please actually, no, honey wheat, please.M: No problem.W: Can you make it a meal as well? I want the chips instead of the cookie. Is there an additional charge for that?M: Nope.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10. Where does the conversation take place?A. In the classroom.B.
14、 In the dining hall.C. In the library.11. How many subject reports has the man finished?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.12. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Have lunch with her.B. Lend some books to her.C. Help her with subject reports.【答案】10. C 11. B 12. A【解析】【原文】W: Bob. You are still here! How long have yo
15、u been sitting here studying?M: I dont know. I came to the library this morning at 7:30.W: My goodness! That was early! How many subject reports have you finished writing?M: Ive finished world history, politics, modern arts, and Im working on the last page of biology.W: Good for you! I still have tw
16、o subjects to go but my deadline is next Tuesday. So I still have 5 days to finish my work. Do you have any class right after you finish?M: No, I dont have to go to class until 3:00.W: Good. Would you like to join me for lunch today?M: Of course! Just give me ten minutes to finish this and we can ta
17、ke off and go to the dining hall.W: OK, take your time. Ill be sitting here reading my book.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13. How does the man want the woman to help him?A. Help him ask for leave.B. Drive him to the airport.C. Confirm his flight booking.14. When is the mans plane?A. On Sunday m
18、orning.B. On Monday morning.C. On Wednesday afternoon.15. What is the relationship between the speakers?A. A couple.B. Classmates.C. Co-workers.16. What is the man probably going to do next?A. Visit his neighbor.B. Make a phone call.C. Find a parking lot.【答案】13. B 14. A 15. B 16. B【解析】【原文】M: Hilda,
19、I know youre busy, and I really hate to bother you, butW: What is it, Bill?M: Well, I was hoping you could give me a ride to the airport.W: Cant you take the subway?M: My flight is early in the morning on Sunday. I dont think the subway is open then.W: Well, Ive got tons of homework to do before nex
20、t Monday. You know we have exams on Wednesday afternoon.M: Ill make it up to you. I could explain how youre helping me. So our teacher might excuse you.W: That would be great, but I doubt if I can get out of a final exam. Dont you know anyone else with a car? My neighbor sometimes drives people to t
21、he downtown area. He charges them$6, and they save money on a 10-dollar parking fee.M: Do you think hed take me?W: Ill be happy to give you his number.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Department directors.B. New employees.C. Visitors.18. What comes first
22、 in the speakers opinion?A. The interpersonal relationship.B. Full knowledge about the products.C. A good plan for the future.19. Which activity is arranged in the afternoon?A. Visiting the workshops.B. Getting to know the customers.C. Learning the rules of the company.20. What does the speaker advi
23、se the listeners to do?A. Leave before 5:30 pm.B. Prepare some questions.C. Keep learning.【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C【解析】【原文】W: Everybody, welcome to our company. I am Luisa, Director of the department. Let me say something to you all. The starting of work can be exciting on the one hand, and can al
24、so be worrying on the other. No matter what your future job is, you will have to work with others. Learning to get on well with others must come first, including all staff in the company and our customers.And secondly, right after my introduction, spend some time reading the introduction of our comp
25、any and get to know the people in your office and find out what the company is like. This afternoon you can walk around our workshops and know more about the products. No one is allowed to leave the company before 5:30 pm. By the way, lunchtime comes at 11:50 and its free for charge. Remember:Learni
26、ng is so important that it can change your future life. This is what Id like to say to you at the moment. If you still have any question, please come to my office. Thank you.第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，每小题 2 分，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题, 每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡 上将该选项涂黑。ALisinoprilWhat
27、 is lisinopril? Lisinopril is a medicine to treat high blood pressure. This medicine is only available on prescription. It comes as tablets. It also comes as a liquid for people who find it hard to swallow tablets, but this has to be ordered specially by your doctor.Important informationTo make sure
28、 lisinopril is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: Heart, liver or kidney problems Diabetes (糖尿病) Higher levels of potassium (钾) in your bloodWomen who are pregnant cant take the medicine. It could harm the unborn baby.How should I take lisinopril? Take lisinopril exactly as prescribed by yo
29、ur doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may sometimes change your dose (剂量) to make sure you get the best results. Drink plenty of water each day while you are taking this medicine. Lisinopril can be taken with or without food. Your blood pressure needs to be checked
30、 often, and you may need frequent blood tests.What if I forget to take it?If you miss a dose of lisinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If you dont remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one. If you forget doses often, it may
31、 help to set an alarm to remind you.What should I avoid while taking lisinopril? Avoid drinking alcohol, because it can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of lisinopril. Avoid getting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slo
32、wly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.21. What do we know about lisinopril?A. It comes in liquid form.B. It must be taken with food.C. It can be used to treat diabetes.D. It is harmful to pregnant women.22. What do you need to do when taking lisinopril?A. Visit a doctor on a daily basis.B. Live
33、on a mainly vegetarian diet.C. Do enough physical exercise daily.D. Have frequent blood pressure tests.23. What should you do if it has been almost a day since you missed a dose?A. Take your next dose on time.B. Skip the following doses for days.C. Take a dose as soon as you remember.D. Have more wh
34、en taking your next dose.【答案】21. D 22. D 23. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍药物Lisinopril以及相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Important information中Women who are pregnant cant take the medicine. It could harm the unborn baby.可知，怀孕的妇女不能吃这种药。它可能会伤害未出生的婴儿。所以，这种药对孕妇有害。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据How should I take lisinopril?中Your blood pres
35、sure needs to be checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests.可知，服用lisinopril时需要经常进行血压测试，也可能要经常验血，故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据What if I forget to take it?中If you miss a dose of lisinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If you dont remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do not take
36、 a double dose to make up for a forgotten one.可知，如果自从你错过了一剂药，你已经有将近一天没有服药了，跳过忘记的剂量，不要服用双倍剂量的药物来弥补忘记的剂量。也就是按时服用下一剂药。故选A。BOver the past couple of days, on our local Freecycle page there have been a lot of wanted posts, all from the same person, basically asking for everything youd need to set up a hou
37、se from scratch.One of the things they asked for was a queen-sized bed. At that time we just happened to have an extra one, so I messaged them. They immediately came in the afternoon. The people who came, two ladies and a man, are actually friends of another woman named Jenny who owned a young boy.
38、This woman has escaped from a dangerous, violent relationship and these friends of hers are helping her and her son start over again, with everything from furniture to toothbrushes on their list of needs.While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even as
39、ked them to keep in touch in case they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things. I offered the woman a cupboard we had as well; her friends just needed to see if there was a place and/or a need for it in their friends new home.I was so excited to meet those loving people who
40、 were obviously willing to help their friend. It was clear how protective they felt of this woman and her boy, how much they love her and wanted her to have a happy and safe life, and to spend even a few minutes with people like that is an experience Ill remember for a long, long time.A quick thank-
41、you to all who have sent more donations over the last couple of days, as well as lovely messages of thanks and blessings. Sometimes its hard to keep up with it all, but its a problem Im happy to have.24. What were the people who arrived at the authors in the afternoon going to do?A. Promote some pro
42、ducts customers needed.B. Fetch the bed the author would give away.C. Recycle second-hand furniture.D. Help repair the authors furniture.25. Which of the following words can best describe the author?A. Warm-hearted.B. Mean.C. Narrow-minded.D. Intelligent.26. From the last two paragraphs, we can infe
43、r that _.A. the author doesnt like to spend too much time with those people like Jennys friendsB. Jenny and her boy will hardly get help from the authors friendsC. the author was disappointed with those only sending messages of thanks and blessingsD. Jenny and her boy will have a new start with the
44、help of people27. The suitable title for the text should be “_”.A. No pains, no gainsB. God helps those who help themselvesC. Many hands make light workD. Where there is will, there is a way【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者通过物品利用网站上帮助了一位遭受家庭暴力的女性和孩子；给他们赠送了一些自己不用的生活用品，这位女性和孩子在朋友、作者以
45、及其他好心人的帮助下也将重新开始，这些都给予作者一种做善事的精神慰藉。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中One of the things they asked for was a queen-sized bed. At that time we just happened to have an extra one, so I messaged them. They immediately came in the afternoon.(他们要的东西之一是一张大号床。当时我们刚好多了一个，所以我给他们发了短信。他们下午马上就来了。)可知，下午来到作者家的人是去取作者要赠送的床。故选B。【25
46、题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even asked them to keep in touch in case they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things.（当他们在这里的时候，我也给了他们一个多余的书架和一些咖啡杯。我甚至要求他们保持联系，以防他们需要其他东西我有一种把人和事物联系起来的方法。）可知，作者是一个热心肠的
47、人。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后两段中It was clear how protective they felt of this woman and her boy, how much they love her and wanted her to have a happy and safe life, and to spend even a few minutes with people like that is an experience Ill remember for a long, long time.（很明显，他们对这个女人和她的儿子是多么的保护，他们是多么的爱她，多
48、么希望她有一个幸福和安全的生活，哪怕是和这样的人呆上几分钟，这段经历我也会记得很久很久。）和A quick thank-you to all who have sent more donations over the last couple of days, as well as lovely messages of thanks and blessings. Sometimes its hard to keep up with it all, but its a problem Im happy to have.（向所有在过去几天里捐了更多钱的人表示快速的感谢，以及表达感谢和祝福的可爱信息。
49、有时很难跟上，但这是一个我很高兴的问题。）可知，从最后两段，我们可以推断，在人们的帮助下，珍妮和她的儿子将有一个新的开始。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍了在物品利用网站上帮助了一位遭受家庭暴力女性和孩子；给他们赠送了一些自己不用的生活用品，这位女性和孩子在朋友和我们这些陌生好心人的帮助下也将有一个新的开始。这给了作者一种做善事的精神慰藉。所以本文最佳主题是“众人拾柴火焰高”。故选C。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根
50、据第三段中While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even asked them to keep in touch in case they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things.（当他们在这里的时候，我也给了他们一个多余的书架和一些咖啡杯。我甚至要求他们保持联系，以防他们需要其他东西我有一种把人和事物联系起来的方法。）可知，作者是一个热心肠的人。故选A。CDr.
51、John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them de
52、spite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and the conditions in space, and that Eart
53、hs pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle car with wings with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earths magnetic pull and reach the moon.Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with h
54、is remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. There was some knowledge at
55、 that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”.By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centurie
56、s later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attempts, but its somewhat safe to say that it didnt work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered
57、 space was a place without oxygen.28. What do we know about Dr. John Wilkins?A. He dreamed of landing on the moon.B. He wrote about people living on the moon.C. He urged the public to know more about space.D. He had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.29. Which of the following might Wilkins agre
58、e with?A. The air on the moon is not fit for human beings.B. People dont need to eat things on the moon.C. Earths magnetism can be changed easily.D. Oxygen doesnt exist in outer space.30. What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2 & 3?A. Wilkins had prepared a lot in theory.B. Wilkins was ready for his
59、 moon-landing.C. Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.D. Wilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.31. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To honor a great scientist.B. To encourage studies on outer space.C. To introduce an early attempt of moon-landing.D. To
60、inform people of the knowledge about the universe.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住在那里的人，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Dr. John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people
61、who surely lived there.（约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，生于1614年，卒于1672年。他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住在那里的人。）可知，Dr. John Wilkins梦想着登上月球。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realize
62、d.（他的理论是，饥饿的主要原因仅仅是与重力相反的行为，所以不受重力的影响而登上月球是可以实现的。）可知，Wilkins同意人们不需要在月球上吃东西。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第二、三段中In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and
63、 the conditions in space, and that Earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力).（在17世纪，对重力和外层空间的科学理解是有限的。威尔金斯和许多17世纪的科学家一样，认为地球的大气层和太空环境没有区别，地球的引力是由磁力引起的。）和Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey
64、?（然后，威尔金斯以其非凡的创新思维能力，转向更紧迫的问题：旅行者在旅途中如何养活自己?）可推知，威尔金斯在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined
65、 to meet them despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.（他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住在那里的人。威尔金斯相信，任何像地球一样的东西，如月亮，一定是上帝为众生所创造的，他决心与他们相遇尽管他比他的时代早了三个世纪。）可知，作者的目的是介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。DBreathing dirty air comes at a high price. Air pollution lowers the average life spans (寿命) by a year worldwide and
66、in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa, dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scientists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major count
67、ry-by-country look at the connection between the length of life and whats known as fine PM.Air pollution has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University
68、 of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand. PM2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average length of
69、life. This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the world.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Aptes group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people. In countries with v
70、ery dirty air, meeting this standard would lengthen peoples lives. However, in countries whose air already meets this standard, the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per
71、cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.32. What is special about the study?A. It won recognition from a professional journal.B It discussed health problems caused
72、 by air pollution.C. It gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease.D. It analyzed the link between life spans and PM by country.33. What is Joshua Aptes team trying to do?A. Help people better understand air pollution.B. Study life expectancy in different countries.C. Know how small air
73、pollutants affect health.D. Deal with different kinds of health problems.34. What will happen if a country limits PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air?A. Peoples life spans will surely increase.B. It will get strong support from the WHO.C. Peoples health may not be much improved.D. It will
74、guarantee people clean air.35. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. How cleaning up the air can lengthen lives.B. How air pollution shortens lives by country.C. How other threats shorten life expectancy.D. How all the countries deal with severe pollution.【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
75、【解析】本文是一篇说明文。在全球范围内，空气污染使人的平均寿命降低了一年，而在污染更严重的亚洲和非洲地区，空气污染使人的寿命缩短了两倍之多。科学家们在环境科学与技术快报上分享了他们的新发现。该研究分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major country-by-country look at the connection
76、between the length of life and whats known as fine PM.（该研究使用了2016年作为一个名为“全球疾病负担”(Global Burden of Disease)项目的一部分收集的数据，这是首个主要的逐国研究寿命长短与“细颗粒物”(fine PM)之间关系的国家。）可知，研究的特殊之处是该研究分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By l
77、ooking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the threat easier to understand.（约书亚阿普特(Joshua Apte)是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的环境科学家。通过观察预期寿命，他的团队希望能让这种威胁更容易理解。）可知，Joshua Apte的团队帮助人们更好地了解空气污染。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cu
78、bic meter of air.（世界卫生组织(WHO)建议将PM2.5浓度限制在每立方米10微克以内。）和In other words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks.（换句话说，达到世界卫生组织的标准并不能降低空气污染造成的健康成本，因为即使低于每立方米10微克，污染仍然会造成严重的风险。）可知，如
79、果一个国家将PM2.5浓度限制在每立方米10微克，人们的健康状况可能不会有太大改善。故选C。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Meanwhile, the scientists compared how other threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.（与此同时，科学家们比较了包括吸烟和癌症在内的其他威胁是如何缩短全球寿命的。）由此推知，接下来要讨论的是“其他威胁如何缩短预期寿命。”故选C。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短
80、文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everyone is aware that taking good care of our bodies can prevent many medical problems from occurring later. However we often have less awareness of preventative actions we should take to help with mental health problems. While our mental health may be fine right now
81、, many of us will struggle at some point. _36_ Its impossible to get through life without challenges, but our mental health prevention habits can help us get through difficult times. _37_Keep active. The more active you physically, mentally and socially are, the higher the level of your mental welln
82、ess is likely to be. So go for walks and learn something new. There are many other ways to be active. _38_Be connected. Regular involvement in social activities with supportive friends and family improves your ability to handle disappointments, and everything else life throws at you. _39_ But you ca
83、n be involved in any manner; even volunteering for an organization can help you be more social._40_ The nature of these activities varies widely from person to person. The key is to identify what gives your life meaning. Volunteering, coaching, teaching, etc. all can contribute to increasing your se
84、nse of confidence and satisfaction with life. Many activities can address more than one. The key is to make a plan and stick with it. If you are already struggling, begin to practice these ways to help your recovery. A. Here are three practical steps.B. However, good mental health is important.C. St
85、resses, disappointments and disasters happen.D. Overcome lifes challenges before they happen.E. Be committed to activities that give life meaning.F. The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.G. This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.【答案】36. C 37. A 38.
86、 F 39. G 40. E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。每个人都知道，照顾好我们的身体可以防止许多医疗问题的发生。生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。文章介绍了三个实用的方式。【36题详解】上文提示“虽然我们的心理健康现在可能很好，但我们中的许多人都会在某种情况下挣扎。”再根据下文提示“生活中不可能没有挑战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”承接上下文，C项Stresses, disappointments and disasters happen.（压力、失望和灾难总会发生。）承上启下。故选C。【37题详解】上文提示“生活中不可能没有挑
87、战，但是我们的心理健康预防习惯可以帮助我们度过困难时期。”再根据下面三段内容， A项Here are three practical steps.（这里有三个实用的步骤。）承上启下。故选A。【38题详解】上文提示“有很多其他的活跃方式。”承接上文，F项The key is to find what keeps you motivated and interested.（关键是找到让你保持动力和兴趣的东西。）切题。故选F。【39题详解】上文提示“经常和支持你的朋友和家人一起参加社交活动，可以提高你处理失望和生活中其他事情的能力。”再根据下文提示“但你可以以任何方式参与其中；即使是为一个组织做志愿
88、者也能帮助你更加社会化。”承接上下文，G项This can be difficult when you move to a new town or as you get older.（当你搬到一个新的城镇或随着年龄的增长，这可能会很困难。）切题。该项中的this指的是上文内容；而横线下句中的but与该项构成转折。故选G。【40题详解】下文提示“这些活动的性质因人而异。”承接下文，E项Be committed to activities that give life meaning.（致力于那些赋予生活意义的活动。）切题。故选E。第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分 45 分)第一节 完形填空(
89、共 20 题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B,C,和 D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将其涂黑。I stood in the front of the classroom like a specimen(标本） under examinations of 23 pairs of eyes. I began stuttering(结巴）and gave wrong answers to some questions.In the summer of 2016, I worked as an assistant teach
90、er at a childrens day camp.Lacking in experience，I _41_ to create weekly lesson plans.Kids shouted at each other in class.Sometimes，I had to pull apart kids who were _42_ each other.The rare moments of_43_ came only after my booming calls for attention. Every day was a _44_ between me and these wild
91、 little creatures.One day I suddenly _45_ that I was supposed to teach them instead of being led by the nose. It was time to do something to change the _46_. I was older, more knowledgeable, and most _47_, I had more authority. The next day，I firmly_48_into the classroom and stood in the front_49_.T
92、he students studied me curiously. But I did not stutter this time. It_50_ me that the class went smoothly without being _51_ for the first time. From that day on，they gradually started to pay attention. Some _52_started calling me “Ms. Amy”. Seeing a sign of respect in their wild eyes was like getti
93、ng _53_ for my achievements. I was finally acting as an authority figure. The _54_ I received also increased my self一confidence. It made me believe that I had the_55_. to overcome difficulties.One month after my summer job _56_, I went back to visit the students. I saw the _57_ kids running around i
94、n the classroom. _58_，their playful shouts were a different kind of music to my _59_now. Instead of the unpleasant sound I heard the first day，this was a_60_ song that played during my march to selfconfidence.41. A. refusedB. failedC. struggledD. hesitated42. A. calling onB. fighting withC. staring
95、atD. learning from43. A. patienceB. promiseC. thoughtD. silence44. A. battleB. differenceC. linkD. joke45. A. hopedB. realizedC. regrettedD. remembered46. A. suggestionB. occasionC. situationD. decision47. A. importantlyB. interestinglyC. naturallyD. hopefully48. A. burstB. slippedC. rushedD. steppe
96、d49. A. anxiouslyB. cautiouslyC. eagerlyD. calmly50. A. surprisedB. embarrassedC. disappointedD. amused51. A. puzzledB. encouragedC. disturbedD. observed52. A. justB. evenC. everD. still53. A. recognitionB. informationC. evaluationD. discussion54. A. trustB. sympathyC. prideD. respect55. A. chanceB.
97、 rightC. abilityD. intention56. A. continuedB. endedC. startedD. returned57. A. sameB. specialC. poorD. normal58. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. BesidesD. Otherwise59. A. heartB. eyesC. earsD. soul60. A. popularB. complexC. strangeD. unique【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. A 51
98、. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. C 60. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者在儿童节夏令营担任助教时，一开始因为没有经验缺乏自信，管理不好学生们，后来作者意识到应该改变这种情况，开始变得自信和坚定，学生们也变得更尊重作者，认真听课。作者由此意识到了自信的重要性。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于缺乏经验，我很艰难地制定每周的课程计划。A. refused拒绝；B. failed失败；C. struggled艰难地做；D. hesitated犹豫。struggle to do sth.很难做某事。由于缺乏经验，
99、“我”做起来很吃力很困难，故选C。【42题详解】考查动词短语。句意：有时，我不得不把打架的孩子拉开。A. calling on访问；B. fighting with和打架；C. staring at 凝视；D. learning from向学习。根据上文Kids shouted at each other in class. 孩子们在课堂上大喊大叫，可推测也会有学生打架，所以“我”才会把他们拉开。故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在我大声呼吁大家注意之后，才会出现难得的安静时刻。A. patience耐心；B. promise承诺；C. thought思想；D. silence
100、寂静。根据上下文可知，学生们总是大闹，只有“我”大声让他们集中注意力，才有片刻难得的安静时刻。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我和这些“野生的小动物”每天都在战斗。A. battle战斗；B. difference差异；C. link联系；D. joke玩笑。作者把调皮的学生比喻成野外的小动物，应该是每天都和他们作斗争，故选A。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我突然意识到我应该教他们，而不是被牵着鼻子走。A. hoped希望；B. realized意识到；C. regretted遗憾；D. remembered记得。上文中可知作者在管理学生方面很吃力，作者“意识到”
101、应该是教他们知识，而不是被牵着鼻子走。故选B。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：是时候做点什么来改变这种情况了。A. suggestion建议；B. occasion时机；C. situation情况；D. decision决定。作者打算做些什么改变那种情况，符合语境。故选C。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我更年长了，更有见识了，最重要的是，我有了更多的权威。A. importantly重要地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. naturally自然地；D. hopefully有希望地。根据句意可知，此处应该是“更重要的是”，符合语境。故选A。【48题详解】考查动词短语
102、。句意：第二天，我坚定地走进教室。A. burst into闯入；B. slipped into溜进；C. rushed into 匆忙冲进；D. stepped into走进。结合选项及语境可知，此处应该是“走进”教室。故选D。【49题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我坚定地走进教室，平静地站在前面。A. anxiously不安地；B. cautiously谨慎地；C. eagerly急切地；D. calmly平静地。“我”坚定地进来，应该是平静地站在前面。“平静地”符合语境，故选D。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这门课进行得很顺利，第一次没有被打扰。A. su
103、rprised感到惊讶的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. disappointed失望的；D. amused觉得好笑的。因为这次课进行得很顺利，“我”应该是感到惊讶。故选A。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这门课进行得很顺利，第一次没有被打扰。A. puzzled使困惑；B. encouraged鼓励；C. disturbed打扰；D. observed观察。这堂课进行得很顺利，没有学生捣乱，没有被打扰。根据语境，故选C。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人甚至开始叫我“艾米小姐”。A. just只是；B. even甚至；C. ever曾经；D. stil
104、l仍然。根据上下文可知，他们开始注意“我”，有些人甚至都开始称呼“我”为艾米小姐，更说明他们变得尊重“我”，而“我”也很惊讶。根据语境，故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们狂野的眼神中看到了尊重，就好像我的成就得到了认可。A. recognition认可；B. information信息；C. evaluation评价；D. discussion讨论。根据语境可知，他们对作者的尊重，让作者感觉就好像自己的成就获得了认可一样心情愉悦。根据句意，故选A。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我收到的尊重也增加了自己的信心。A. trust信任；B. sympathy同情；C. pr
105、ide骄傲；D. respect尊重。根据上文Seeing a sign of respect in their wild eyes作者从孩子们的眼里看到了尊重，故此处说的是从学生那里收到的尊重，故选D。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它使我相信我有能力克服困难。A. chance 机会；B. right权利；C. ability能力；D. intention目的。have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事。学生对作者的那份尊重让作者相信，自己有能力克服那些困难。故选C。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：暑假结束一个月后，我回去看望学生们。A. contin
106、ued继续；B. ended结束；C. started开始；D. returned返回。作者在夏天担任的这份短期工作，此处应该是这份工作结束后，作者又回去看自己的学生了。故选B。【57题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看见同样的孩子在教室里跑来跑去。A. same相同的；B. special特别的；C. poor可怜的；D. normal正常的。根据后文中their playful shouts were a different kind of music他们嬉闹的叫声却已经是另一种音乐了，可知，虽然是同样的一群孩子在嬉闹，但“我”的心境已经不同，感受到的也已经不同。故选A。【58题详解】考
107、查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们嬉闹的叫声在我听来已经是另一种音乐了。A. Therefore因此；B. However 然而；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。虽然是同样的孩子在嬉闹，但“我”却听到的是和第一次不一样的声音，也感受到不一样的心情。前后构成转折关系，故选B。【59题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们嬉闹的叫声在我听来已经是另一种音乐了。A. heart心脏；B. eyes眼睛；C. ears耳朵；D. soul灵魂。声音应该是用“耳朵”听的，故选C。【60题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这不是我第一天听到的不愉快的声音，而是一首独特的歌，在我走向自
108、信的过程中奏响。A. popular受欢迎的；B. complex复杂的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unique独特的。根据上文可知，嬉闹声对“我”来说是一种音乐，在“我”走向自信的过程中奏响，所以它应该是“独特的”故选D。第卷第二节(共 10 小题:每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Whats the right college for you?_61_(do) the college youre considering offer classes and learning opportunities _62
109、_ interest you? You dont need to declare a college major until your junior year of collegebut youre more likely _63_(succeed) if youre excited about and engaged by the options available to you.Consider_64_ (you) learning style: do you prefer informative lectures or lively discussions?Research and an
110、alysis or hands-on experience and practice? Writing papers or working in small groups?Look for the academic experience youll need to feel _65_(challenge) and engaged, and what support youll need for successpeer tutoring, _66_(access) professors, and career services are just some of _67_ options you
111、might find on campus. Check out course and program _68_(describe), reviews of professors, and sit in on some classes if youre able to visit campus._69_(assess) your chances of admission can be a good way to identify a strong academic match. Most admissions counselors tell us that your GPA and the qu
112、ality of your high school classes are the most important elements of your college application, _70_standardized test scores not far behind.【答案】61. Does 62. that/which 63. to succeed 64. your 65. challenged 66. accessible 67. the 68. descriptions 69. Assessing 70. with【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者论述的是“什么大学最适合你
113、?”【61题详解】考查一般疑问句。句意：你正在考虑的大学是否提供你感兴趣的课程和学习机会?句子用一般现在时态，句子主语是the college，单数第三人称，且是一般疑问句，故答案为Does。【62题详解】考查定语从句。句意：你正在考虑的大学是否提供你感兴趣的课程和学习机会?此处opportunities是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为that/which。【63题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在大学三年级之前，你不需要申报大学专业，但如果你对自己的选择感到兴奋并投入其中，你更有可能成功。固定搭配：be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”。故答案为to succe
114、ed。【64题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：考虑你的学习风格：你更喜欢知识性强的讲座还是生动活泼的讨论?此处learning style“学习风格”是名词，由形容词性物主代词来修饰，故答案为your。【65题详解】考查过去分词。句意：寻找你需要的学术经验，让你感到挑战和投入。此处表示“感到”，用过去分词作表语，故答案为challenged。【66题详解】考查形容词。句意：成功所需要的支持同侪辅导、易接近的教授和职业服务，这些只是你在校园里可能找到的一些选择。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为accessible。【67题详解】考查定冠词the。句意：成功所需要的支持同侪辅导、易接近的教授和职业
115、服务，这些只是你在校园里可能找到的一些选择。此处表示“这些选择中的一些”，故答案为the。【68题详解】考查名词复数。句意：查看课程和项目描述，教授的评论，如果你能参观校园，可以旁听一些课程。结合句意可知此处用名词复数。故答案为descriptions。【69题详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：评估你的入学机会是一个很好的确定一个强的学术匹配的方法。此处是动名词作主语，故答案为Assessing。【70题详解】考查with的复合结构。句意：大多数招生顾问告诉我们，你的GPA和高中课程的质量是你申请大学最重要的因素，标准化考试的分数也紧随其后。此处是with的复合结构作伴随状语，故答案为with。【
116、点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第2小题中先行词为名词opportunities，再分析先行词opportunities在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词opportunities代入从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关系词为that/which。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分 35 分)第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分)71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加
117、:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第11 处起)不计分。Jane Eyre is a world-famous storybook, which is very popular to middle school students. The main character Jane is one of my favorite heroine. The book tells us not only about her har
118、d life and about her efforts to gain her happiness. It were her perseverance and determination which helped her to get what she deserved at last. I liked Jane very much, and her story leaves a great effect on her life and study. I make up my mind work hard at my lessons. Meanwhile, I will try to mak
119、e the full use of any opportunity to train my characters, especial my tolerance and perseverance to solve all of the difficulties in my life.【答案】towith/amongheroineheroinesandbutwerewaswhichthatlikedlikehermywork前面加上to删去theespecialespecially【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。简爱是一本举世闻名的故事书，深受中学生的喜爱。文章介绍了这本书的主人公以及这本书对作
120、者的影响。【详解】1.考查固定词组。句意：简爱是一本举世闻名的故事书，深受中学生的喜爱。固定词组：be popular with/among“在中受欢迎”。故把to改成with/among。2.考查名词复数。句意：主角简是我最喜欢的女主角之一。one of+名词复数，故把heroine改成heroines。3.考查固定搭配。句意：这本书不仅告诉我们她艰苦的生活，而且告诉我们她为获得幸福所做的努力。固定搭配：not onlybut also“不但而且”。故把and改成but。4.考查强调句式。句意：正是她的毅力和决心使她最终得到了应得的东西。此处是强调句式，不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，是时间、
121、地点还是原因，强调句型中的be动词一律采用单数形式，句子用一般过去时态，故把were改成was。5.考查强调句式。句意：正是她的毅力和决心使她最终得到了应得的东西。此处是强调句式，故把which改成that。6.考查时态。句意：我非常喜欢简，她的故事对我的生活和学习产生了很大的影响。此处指目前的情况，句子用一般现在时态，故把liked改成like。7.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我非常喜欢简，她的故事对我的生活和学习产生了很大的影响。根据语境，指对“我”产生影响，故把her改成my。8.考查固定搭配。句意：我下定决心努力学习功课。固定搭配：make up ones mind to do sth
122、.“下决心去做某事”。故在work前面加上to。9.考查固定词组。句意：我会尽量利用一切机会来培养我的性格，尤其是来解决我生活中的所有困难的宽容和毅力。固定词组：make full use of“充分利用”。故删去full前的the。10.考查词形转换。句意：我会尽量利用一切机会来培养我的性格，尤其是来解决我生活中的所有困难的宽容和毅力。此处用副词修饰名词词组，故把especial改成especially。【点睛】强调句型1. 用It iswasthatwho句型表示强调。（1）陈述句的强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）
123、+其它部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. （2）一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。 e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? （3）特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?注：被强调的部分（通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语）放在iswas的后面，如被强调的是人，则后面可用who，whom等代替。2.
124、notuntil句型的强调句： 句型为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分： e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back. 强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 3. 强调谓语动词：用助动词do, does或did加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意：此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时态用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。如：Do come early. 务必早来。He did send yo
125、u a letter last week. 昨天他确实寄给你一封信。第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分)72.假定你是李华，将作为一名交换生到伦敦某高中，进行为期一个月的学习，请你根据以下提示给该校宿舍管理办公室的负责人写一封电子邮件:1.询问有关学校住宿的情况；2.提供自己的住宿要求；3.如果条件不能满足，询问学校能够提供什么样的住宿条件。注意: 1. 词数100次左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Sir/ Madam ,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Sir/ Madam ,Im Li Hua, an exchange student who will go
126、to your school to study for a month. I am writing to inquire about the accommodation your school provides.I prefer a dorm room with a bathroom on campus. A room on the ground floor would be better. And I dont mind sharing it with other students as it will provide me with a good chance to make new fr
127、iends and learn more about the local culture. What kind of accommodation could you offer if this requirement should not be satisfied?I would appreciate it very much if you could provide me with the relevant information. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。【详
128、解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，将作为一名交换生到伦敦某高中，进行为期一个月的学习，请你根据以下提示给该校宿舍管理办公室的负责人写一封电子邮件:1.询问有关学校住宿的情况；2.提供自己的住宿要求；3.如果条件不能满足，询问学校能够提供什么样的住宿条件。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：the accommodation your school provides（你学校提供的住处）；A room on the ground floor（一楼的一个房间）；learn more about the local culture（学更多当地的文化）；provide
129、me with the relevant Information（提供给我相关的信息）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。an exchange student who will go to your school to study for a month.句中who引导定语从句；And I dont mind sharing it with other students as it will provide me with a good chance to make new friends and learn more about the local culture.句中as引导原因状语从句；What kind of accommodation could you offer if this requirement should not be satisfied?句中使用if引导的条件状语从句。