1、Unit 4Global warming.情景默写1These policies have been widely advocated (拥护)2Several cars are available within this price range (范围)3He spends on the average (平均)two hours a day on reading.4Under no circumstances (情况)may the child be identified.5There was something a little too casual (随意)in his tone.6T
2、here are only a small quantity (数量)of flowers left in the garden.7I had a quick glance (一瞥)at the article，but I havent read it yet.8These policies could lead the country to an environmental catastrophe (大灾难)9One of businesses of the sociologists is to study the social phenomenon (现象)10On presentatio
3、n (显示)of the relevant identity documents you may collect your property.11There is a widespread (普遍的)dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.12I think Ill just refresh (使恢复)myself with a cup of tea before I go to meet the children.13The prime minister made a firm commitment (承诺)to
4、increasing spending on health.14With the house prices going_up (增长)，more and more people cant afford an apartment.15We are still wondering how it came_about (发生)that the experiment ended in failure.16What I cant put_up_with (容忍)is that he never cares about others feelings.17The traffic accident resu
5、lted from the drivers carelessness，resulting_in (导致)the death of 3 people.18It is the teacher as well as the students who subscribes_to (赞成)the idea that we should do something for the poor old man.19He was wet through with sweat，but he kept_on (继续)working.20On_behalf_of (代表)everyone here，I wish you
6、 a pleasant journey back to your country.词性转换1Relax as much as possible and keep breathing steadily (steady)2Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)3In consequence (consequent)of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.4At first he was opposed (oppose)to the plan，b
7、ut we managed to argue him into accepting it.5It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)6Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts.Some young children doubt whether there exist all kinds of ghosts in the world.(exist)
8、7The storm tends to hit our city，and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)8The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.(consume)9With the decline of the global economy，her family is faced with many economic problems，one of which is wh
9、ether to buy an economical stove to survive the whole winter.(economy)10They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter.(contribute)1句型公式：so/as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标
10、。So/As_long_as_we_dont_lose_heart and keep on trying，we are sure to get over difficulties，and achieve our aims.2句型公式：It takes.to do sth.意为“花费 (时间、精力等)做某事”从广州乘飞机去北京要用多长时间？How_long_does_it_take_to_fly from Guangzhou to Beijing?3句型公式：even if/though 意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服迪安，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。Dean
11、still refused to join in the game，even_if/though_we_all_did our_best_to persuade_him第一板块 核心词汇1quantity n量；数量；大量高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子The problem begins when we add huge quantities (quantity)of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are_be
12、ing_washed (wash)away now.A large quantity of air conditioners has been sold since the summer came.It is reported that a_large_quantity_of_trees_is_cut_down to make chopsticks in our country every year，doing great harm to the environment.据报道，在我们国家，每年有大量的树木被砍倒做成筷子，对环境造成极大的伤害。状元笔记全记牢in quantity=in lar
13、ge amounts 大量；很多a large (huge)/small quantity of大量的/少量的quantities of大量的；许多的【点津】(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。(2)“a quantity of名词”和“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与quantity的数一致。2oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠；与竞争高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句型转换The mother opposed her daughter going (go)there alone.Most company bos
14、ses say they are_opposed (oppose)to employees working overtime.I object to being spoken to like that.I oppose being spoken to like that.I am opposed to being spoken to like that.I am against being spoken to like that.状元笔记全记牢(1)oppose (doing)sth.反对 (做)某事oppose sb./sb.s doing sth.反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj
15、.相反的；对立的be opposed tobe againstobject to反对；与对立 (强调状态)as opposed to (介)相对之下，与对照下3average adj.平均的；普通的n平均；平均数v平均为；计算出的平均数高考必刷题练透单句语法填空Each person raised an average of $60 to plant an acre of trees.According to the 14th National Reading Survey in China，in 2017 every adult read 5.16 printed books on aver
16、age.Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68 above the average.状元笔记全记牢an average of.平均有 (后跟数词)on (the)average 平均地；通常above/below (the)average高于/低于平均数/水平up to (the)average达到平均数/水平4range n种类；范围；幅度；界限v. (在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/句式升级They will include introductions to a w
17、ide range of writing styles，from poetry to play writing.When driving on highways，the driver must control his or her speed within/in range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.He has a number of interests and they rang from playing chess to swimming.He has a number of interests，ranging from playing chess to swimm
18、ing/which range from playing chess to swimming他的爱好很多，从下棋到游泳。状元笔记全记牢(1)a wide range of.范围广泛的，各种各样的in/within range of在射程内；在范围内beyond/out of range在射程外；在范围外beyond/out of ones range某人能力达不到的(2)range from.to.在范围内变动5consequence n结果；后果；影响 (为可数名词)高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子They predict that any warming will be mild wi
19、th few bad environmental consequences (consequence)The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence)climatic changes affect us all.In_consequence_of/As_a_consequence_of_human_activities like cutting down bamboos，the pandas are lacking of food source.由于像砍伐竹子这样的人类活动，熊猫缺少了食物来源。状元笔记全记牢(1)in cons
20、equenceas a consequence 因此；结果in consequence ofas a consequence of 因为；由于，因为的缘故(be)of little/no consequence不重要的，无足轻重的(2)consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的6circumstance n(pl.)环境；情况高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.In/Un
21、der_the_circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。状元笔记全记牢in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然如此in/under no circumstances决不；无论如何都不 (置于句首时，句子倒装)in/under any circumstance (s)在任何情况下7come about 发生；造成高考必刷题练透完成句子Can you tell me how the accident came_about?你能告
22、诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？Ill never understand how_it_came_about_that you were an hour late on such a short journey.我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。状元笔记全记牢(1)come about相当于happen或occur，为不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态和进行时态。常指情况不受人控制地突然发生。(2)常用句型：How did it come about that.? 某事是怎样发生的？8put up with 忍受；容忍高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/完成句子Commercial advertise
23、ment is one of the things we have to put up with when watching TV.I can put up with the house being (be)untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.She couldnt put up with seeing_animals_cruelly_treated她不能容忍看见动物受到残忍的虐待。状元笔记全记牢put up举起；张贴；搭建；提供 (食宿)put aside储蓄；存备用；节省 (时间、钱)put forward提出 (意见、建议)put on表演；上演
24、(戏剧)；增 (肥)；戴上put off推迟；延期第二板块 经典句式9It takes/took sb.some time.to do sth.高考必刷题练透单句语法填空/一句多译It takes strength and patience to be a longdistance runner.她修理自行车用了三个小时。1 It took three hours for_her_to_mend her bicycle.2 It took her three_hours_to_mend her bicycle.3 She spent three_hours_(in)mending her bi
25、cycle.状元笔记全记牢(1)It takes/took sb some time.to do sth.做某事花 (时间、精力等)(2)表示花时间或金钱做某事，还常表达为：sb.spend some time/money on sth./(in)doing sth.10as/so long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句高考必刷题练透句型转换On condition that you keep studying hard，you can improve your math.As/So long as you keep studying hard，you can improve your
26、math.状元笔记全记牢引导条件状语从句的连词短语还有：in case如果；万一on condition that只要.课文语法填空There is no doubt that the earth is becoming 1.warmer(warm) but there is a fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming 2.or it is just a natural phenomenon.Many scientists like Dr.Janice Foster
27、believe that people have caused 3.the increase in the earths temperature by burning fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy whose byproducts 4.are_called (call) “greenhouse”gases，the most important one 5.being (be) carbon dioxide.These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore
28、warm the earth，without 6.which the earth would be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler 7.than it is.But 8.increased (increase) amount of extra carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.9On the other hand，scientists like George
29、 Hambley believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences and more carbon dioxide is 10.actually(actual) a positive thing.课文概要写作细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。【参考范文】That the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century is quite shock
30、ing.(要点1)Its humans activity that has caused this global warming.(要点2)Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe，while other people think that more carbon dioxide would encourage a greater range of animals and bring us a better life.(要点3)But no one really knows the effects of global warming.(要
31、点4).课文话题写作一、用本单元所学知识补全短文Every day I walk along the Pearl River，I can always see lots of rubbish such as plastic bags，litter，fruit peels and_so_on (等等) floating on the river.There is no denying the fact that it is the rubbish that results_in (导致) the dirty water in the Pearl River.As we can see，many
32、people keep_on (继续) throwing rubbish even_if (即使) we call to protect the environment every day.I wonder how this sort of bad habit happens.On_the_whole (总的来说)，I am strongly opposed to and cant put_up_with (忍受) the behavior of this kind.On_behalf_of (代表) those who take good care of the environment，I
33、would like to say so/as_long_as (只要) we can behave ourselves and start from ourselves to protect the earth，we can create a beautiful environment.二、按要求升级短文1用本单元的高级词汇升级短文中的加黑词汇(1)lots ofquantities_of/a_quantity_of (2)happenscomes_about 2用高级表达升级短文中的句子(1)用doubt句式改写句There_is_no_doubt_that it is the rubbi
34、sh that results in the dirty water in the Pearl River.(2)用分词作状语改写句On the whole，strongly opposed_to_the_behavior_of_this_kind，I cant put up with it.阅读理解El Nio，a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every t
35、wo to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many
36、 places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios，on balance，than they lose.A study found that a strong Nio in 199798 helped Americas economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in ri
37、ch countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other
38、disasters.The most recent powerful Nio，in 199798，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Nios come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI)，ho
39、wever，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can re
40、duce the spread of disease.Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors，civil c
41、onflict is related to El Nios harmful effectsand the poorer the country，the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poore
42、st are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio，reducing their losses needs to be the priority.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关情况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。1What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt take
43、s place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案D细节判断题。根据第一段中的“El Nio sees warm.other way round”可知，在海洋厄尔尼诺现象引起水流方向的改变。2The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _Amore inve
44、stment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nio deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first答案A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“however，just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance”可知，应该加大投资以
45、降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。3What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduce El Nio and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nio.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nio.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nio.答案D写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helping divided communities to prepare for disasters w
46、ould at least reduce the risk.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是督促人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。.完形填空(2018丽水高三模拟)There was once a little ragged girl who lived with her widowed mother.She had few clothes to wear and those that she had were old and _1_However，her mother made sure that she was clean and _2_Even though，her schoolmates
47、 always _3_her.One day before Christmas，she saw two boys _4_ on her way home.One of the boys hit the other boy hard，took the coat off his back and ran off with it.The other boy _5_ to run after him but fell down.The ragged girl ran up to the boy on the _6_She was surprised to find it was the _7_ boy
48、 who had always made fun of her at school._8_，she took off her coat and gave it to the boy.Then，she walked the boy to his _9_After hearing what had happened，the boys mother was very _10_ to the little girl for her help and gave her a brand new coat.“I had bought that coat for my niece for Christmas，
49、_11_ I think you deserve it much more，”she said.Then the mother drove the little ragged girl to her own front door.The little girl _12_ the woman，and ran into the house to show her mother the _13_ coat.After she had finished telling her story，she saw that her mother was _14_“I thought you would be _
50、15_，Mama，”she said softly.“But if you want，Ill take the coat _16_”“Im not unhappy，honey，”she sniffed.“Im overcome with _17_I knew that I would never be able to _18_ a new coat for you，but you got one because of your _19_ deed.Im proud of you.”“You know，”the little ragged girl said as she wiped her m
51、others tears，“I really am so very rich to have a _20_ like you.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一个穿着破破烂烂的小女孩不计前嫌，帮助了曾经嘲笑她的同学。同学的妈妈为表达谢意，送了她一件新外套。1A.wornBdirty CuglyDsmall答案A根据文中多次出现的“ragged”及本空前的“old”可知，这个小女孩穿的衣服不仅旧，而且很“破烂 (worn)”。2A.prettyBtidy ChealthyDsafe答案B根据本空前的“clean”可知，小女孩的妈妈把她收拾得干干净净、“整整齐齐 (tidy)”。3A.laughe
52、d atBlooked afterCdepended onDworried about答案A根据本句中“Even though”的转折语气及下段中的“made fun of”可知，小女孩的同学常常“嘲笑 (laughed at)”她。4A.jumpingBtalkingCfightingDwalking答案C根据下句内容可知，一个男孩打了另外一个男孩，并把他的外套抢走，由此可推测，这两个男孩在“打架 (fighting)”。5A.continuedBwantedCpretendedDstopped答案B外套被别人抢走了，这个男孩自然是“想 (wanted)”追上去把衣服抢回来。6A.groun
53、dBbed CgrassDplatform答案A根据上句中的“fell down”可知，这个男孩摔倒在“地 (ground)”。7A.onlyBsame ClastDother答案B让这个女孩感到惊讶的是这个男孩“正是 (same)”那个在学校里经常嘲笑她的人。8A.ThereforeBMoreoverCHoweverDOtherwise答案C这个女孩不计前嫌帮助曾经嘲笑自己的人，故However符合此处语境。9A.schoolBclass ChouseDcamp答案C根据下段内容可知，男孩的妈妈把原本要送给自己侄女的外套送给了小女孩，这个举动应该是发生在男孩家，由此可推测，这里指小女孩陪男孩
54、走回他“家 (house)”。10A.politeBfamiliarCusefulDgrateful答案D小女孩帮助了自己的儿子，男孩的妈妈应该很“感激 (grateful)”。11A.soBbutCthoughDbecause答案B根据本空前后的“for my niece和you deserve it much more”可知，这件外套的主人从男孩妈妈的侄女变成了小女孩，故此处应用表示转折关系的but。12A.thankedBwelcomedChelpedDpraised答案A男孩的妈妈送给自己一件外套并送自己回家，故小女孩“谢谢 (thanked)”她。13A.warmBnew Cbeau
55、tifulDexpensive答案B上段中的“a brand new coat”提示了本题答案。14A.thinkingBtremblingCcryingDhesitating答案C根据下文中的“sniffed”和“tears”可知，女孩的妈妈在“哭 (crying)”。15A.happyBsurprisedCsatisfiedDconfident答案A根据下段中妈妈的回答“Im not unhappy”可知，小女孩说她原以为妈妈会“高兴 (happy)”。16A.onBback CaroundDout答案B根据本句中的“But”可知，如果妈妈不高兴的话，小女孩会把外套还“回去 (back)”
56、。17A.reliefBshame ChorrorDjoy答案D根据本段开头的“Im not unhappy”可知，妈妈并没有不高兴，而是太“高兴 (joy)”了。18A.makeBbuy CborrowDchoose答案B通读全文可知，小女孩和妈妈生活艰辛，因此妈妈永远不可能为小女孩“买 (buy)”一件新外套。19A.braveBhonest CcarefulDgood答案D根据上文内容可知，小女孩不计前嫌，帮助了曾经嘲笑她的同学，同学的妈妈为表达谢意，送了她一件新外套。因此说，是小女孩的“善良 (good)”举动为自己赢得了一件新外套。20A.friendBmodelCsupporter
57、Dmother答案D根据本句中的“the little ragged girl said as she wiped her mothers tears”可知，小女孩这句话是对妈妈说的：有您这样的“妈妈 (mother)”我感到非常富有。.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it may seem，if youre unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means t
58、o meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes. Real riches consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities (能力) to enjoy life.Most people are already swamped (淹没) with things.They eat，wear，go and talk too much.They live in too bi
59、g a house with too many rooms，yet their house of life is a hut.Your house of life ought to be a mansion (豪宅)，a royal palace.Every new taste，every additional interest，every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of life should have.Art should be a desire for you to develop sim
60、ply because the world is full of beautiful things.If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them，they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when youre hungry.Literature，classic literature，is a beautiful，richly furnished room where you might find many an hou
61、r of rest and refreshment.To gain that love would go toward making you a rich person，for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.Music like Mozarts and Bachs shouldnt be absent.Real riches are of the spirit.And when youve brought that spirit up to where classical music
62、 feeds it and makes you a little drunk，you have increased your thrills and bettered them.And life is a matter of thrills.Sports，without which you remain poor，mean a lot in life.No matter who you are，you would be more human，and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days，if you
63、could，and did，play a bit. Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life，the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.写作思路导航提炼主题本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了金钱并不能让我们一直快乐地生活，真正的快乐来自于精神上的富有的观点。结构分析全文分为三个部分。第一部分(第一、二段)：一些人崇尚拜金主义，看重物质利益，但并不感到幸福；第二部分(第三至七段)：真正的快乐是精神上的快乐；第三部分(第八段)：享受生活的秘诀是要充实我们的精神世界。要点提炼要点1: Some p
64、eople add more money and things to their happiness.要点2: Some factors can lead to real riches.要点3：The secret of enjoying life is to enrich our spiritual world.妙笔成篇【参考范文】People add more money and things to their happiness，but some of them are unsatisfied because they lack desires and additional interests.(要点1)Art，literature，music and sports are several necessary rooms in house of life which can lead to real riches.(要点2) No matter what rooms the house of life contains，the key to enjoying life is to maintain adding spiritual wealth to the house of life.(要点3)