1、陕西宝鸡市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮选练（5）（答案）阅读理解。“Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for m
2、ore than a century, and Americans had already created lightningbug (荧火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who wa
3、s crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bugshaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug,
4、that is，“to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others conversations. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.
5、 That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering a bug in
6、 his invented record player.”1We learn from Paragraph 1 that _.A. Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bugB. George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bugC. the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth centuryD. both Englishmen and Americans use
7、d the word bug in the eighteenth century2What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Explanation.B. Finding.C. Origin. D. Fault.3The passage is mainly concerned with _.A. the misunderstanding of the word bugB. the development of the word bugC. the public views of the word bugD.
8、the special characteristics of the word bug文章大意本文为说明文，题材为社会文化，主要介绍了bug这一单词词义的发展过程。1D。细节理解题。根据第一段可知在18世纪前美国人和英国人都使用bug这一单词，故选D项。2D。词义猜测题。根据下文“In 1878 he explained bugs.to overcome in developing a successful product”可推断flaw的意思可能是“缺陷，毛病，问题”，故选D。explanation解释；finding调查发现；origin起源，由来。3B。推理判断题。通读全文可知。2014
9、联考For as much as I love nature, its remarkable that I grew up in a family that didnt spend a lot of time there. The Ludlows werent campers, hikers, or beachgoers.Thats not to say we didnt go outdoors. We just didnt stay there long. My dads favorite way to relax was to sit on the patio(露台) with a gla
10、ss of iced tea. Hed preside over his freshly mowed lawn, enjoy the birds and watch for the fox. But when the sun went down, he went inside.Lots of kids grow up gazing at the stars, knowing the constellations(星座). Me? I never noticed the stars. In my early childhood, the darkening shadow of evening w
11、as the signal that it was time to hightail it home from the park on my bike.Then I met the sky. I saw it the summer before my seventh grade when we took a family trip to Wyoming. In my mental photo album, I feel the mist of Old Faithful, I smell the store where my dad bought a cowboy hat and I shive
12、r in my sleeping bag on the overnight rafting trip down the Snake River.One night, Dad had arranged for us to sleep in a tepee.When the flames died down after our campfire dinner, he kept my little sister, Sara, Mom, and me outside, wrapped us in blankets and told us to look up, wait, and watch.As m
13、y eyes adjusted, the stars appeared. The black was filled with white. Dad revealed the universe.Decades later, I crave walks in the woods, I love to sit by a lake for hours, and a sunset mesmerizes(使着迷) me.And everywhere I go, I look up and search for the heaven I saw that night. I havent yet to see
14、 that sky again, so utterly aglow. I dont know whether thats because my kid memory blew it out of proportion or because our litup world makes seeing the true sky all but impossible. I just know I havent stopped looking.1Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?AThe Ludlows lik
15、e travelling and camping.BThe Ludlows never go out to nature.CThe author has a love for nature because of his family.DIts noticeable for a nature lover to be born into the Ludlows.2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AThat night sky in Wyoming impressed the author.BThe author has
16、no chance to walk in the woods decades later.CFew kids grow up gazing at the stars and knowing the universe.DThe author has to give up his search of the sky he met in Wyoming.3. Whats the autors main purpose in writing the text?ATo look back on her childhood.BTo express how much she is attached to h
17、er father.CTo declare how much she loves nature in Old Faithful.DTo recall an inspiring summer night spent gazing at the sky.文章大意作者讲述了一个夏天的晚上与父亲一起凝望星空的感人故事。1D。推理判断题。由第一段中的“For as much as I love nature, its remarkable that I grew up in a family that didnt spend a lot of time there.”可推知D项正确。 remarkabl
18、e意为“值得注意的”，与D项中的noticeable对应。2A。推理判断题。由文章最后两段的内容可推知，在Wyoming凝望天空的那个夜晚给作者留下了深刻的印象，故选A项。3D。写作意图题。文中作者主要回忆了在Old Faithful的一个夜晚与父亲一起凝望天空的事，故选D项。阅读理解。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack.As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on
19、 howling as an important means of communication among each other.There are different explanations of a wolfs howl and it appears that there may be more to discover.One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together.Its almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together.Perhaps something
20、similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred HHarrington，a professor who studies wolf behaviour.Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus，and the next，quarreling
21、among each other.It appears that usually the lowestranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times.So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?What is clear，however，is that
22、howling is often used among packmates to locate each other.Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times.When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour.When one wolf starts to how
23、l，very likely others will follow.This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call”where wolves all howl together to report their presence.动物的嚎叫有其目的性，而人的对唱也是为了呼唤同伴，所以人们认为两者在这一方面是相同的；但专家似乎发现，狼的嚎叫不仅仅是为了呼朋引伴，因为有时也会争斗，因此，研究之后，专家发现：狼的嚎叫可能是个传染形式的行为，有时也是为了呼唤同伴。5What
24、 is the possible similarity between wolves howling together and humans singing in chorus?AThe act of calling each other.BThe sense of accomplishment.CThe act of hunting for something.DThe sense of belonging to a group.答案：D。细节判断题。从第二段的信息词“bond better together”以及“help the pack stay together”等可以确定两者的共同
25、点与选项D的说法是一致的。6Why does Harrington think the“social bond”theory may be wrong?AWolves separate from each other after howling.BWolves tend to protect their hunting grounds.CWolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together.DWolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus.答案：C。细节判断题。根据第三段中提到
26、的“and the next, quarrelling among each other”以及“it appears that.be punished for joining.”都可以表明选项C的说法是符合原文之意的。7Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to_.Ashow their ranks Bfind their companionsCreport the missing onesDexpress their loneliness答案：B。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第一句话的信息词“locate each other”以及最后一句
27、中的“appears to be an excellent means of gathering”都可以明确：狼的嚎叫正是为了找伴儿，故选项B的说法是最符合原文的。8“Howling.is a contagious behaviour”(in the last paragraph)means_.Ahowling is a signal for huntingBhowling is a way of communicationChowling often occurs in the morningDhowling spreads from one to another答案：D。句意理解题。从最后
28、一段中的第二句话中可以找到contagious一词的理解：一个随着一个的去做事情，如同选项D所说的那样。阅读理解。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one fulltime job. The two people willingly act as parttime workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties o
29、f a fulltime worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the jobs wages，its holidays and its other benefits.Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) parttime work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require high
30、er levels of responsibility and employee commitment.Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing,
31、by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide wellpaid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities. As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britains Equal Opportunit
32、ies Commission showed that 78 percent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek parttime work because
33、it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into fulltime work after a long absence.The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional oneposition jobs. However，to ensure a greater
34、chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be jobshared well, the two
35、 individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.本文讲述了“job sharing”这一新的工作形式的特征及其要求。9In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?A. Work sharing requires more working hours.B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory sala
36、ry.D. Work sharing depends on the employers decision.答案：B。事实细节题。由第3段首句中的“work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs.”可知which引导的定语从句修饰work sharing，由此推出答案。10According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional parttime work mainy because _.A. they sought highe
37、r social statusB. they were over ideal working agesC. they had difficulty finding fulltime jobsD. they had to take care of both work and family答案：A。推理判断题。由第4段倒数第2句可推知这些年轻妇女们选择job sharing这一工作形式是为了寻求更高的社会地位。故选A。11In job sharing the partners should _.A. enjoy equal social status B. have similar work ex
38、perienceC. keep in touch with each other D. know each other very well答案：D。事实细节题。由尾段后半段的内容可知D项正确。12The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. describe job sharing in generalB. discuss how to provide more jobsC. recommend job sharing to womenD. compare job sharing with work sharing答案：A。主旨大意题。总览全文可知本文旨在
39、大体上描述“job sharing” 这一工作形式。故选A。阅读理解。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。You are busy filling out the application form for a position you really need；lets assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isnt it tempting to lie just a li
40、ttle, to claim on the form that your diploma (文凭) represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University?More and more people are turning to an utter deception (欺骗)like this to land their first job or to move ahead in their careers. For personnel officers
41、, like most Americans, value degress from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a wellknown university. Registrars(学籍管理员)at most wellknown colleges say that they deal with dishonest claims li
42、ke these at the rate of about one per week.Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms. It turns out that when an applicant is lying, most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school refers to them as “special cases”. One wellknown West Co
43、ast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says these claims are made by “no such people”To avoid complete lies，some job seekers claim that they “attended” or “were associated with”a college or university. After careful checking, a personnel officer may discover that “attending” means b
44、eing dismissed after one semester. It may be that “being associated with” a college means that the job seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the centurythats when they began k
45、eeping records, anyhow.If you dont want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a fake diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dol
46、lars for a diploma from “Smoot State University”. The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the “University of Purdue”. As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.因为人事部门的官员们更看重名校学历，因此人们常常为谋求一份
47、好工作和职位而造假。13The writer mainly wants to tell us that _.A. college degrees can now be purchased easily B. nowadays it is very hard for people to find jobsC. lying about college degrees is becoming a widespread problemD. employers are no longer interested in applicants actual performances答案：C。主旨大意题。总览文
48、章可知C项为本文主旨。14As used in the first line of the second paragraph，the word “utter” means _.A. thorough B. careful C. imcomplete D. spoken 答案：A。词义猜测题。由第二段第一句中的关键词deception(欺骗)及其后的解释“学历造假”，再结合文章主旨可推出A项正确。thorough彻底的。15Once finding applicants with false diplomas, most colleges would _.A. keep the records
49、of themB. drive them out of collegeC. avoid direct conflicts with themD. accuse them of such behaviors 答案：C。推理判断题。由第三段中的“.most colleges are unwilling to accuse the applicant directly”和下面给出的例子可推断出C项正确。16We can learn from the passage that _.A. US employers value their job applicants with a degree from
50、 top universitiesB. University of Purdue and Purdue University are the same schoolC. people with fake diplomas can get their first jobs in US easilyD. people pay the same price for a fake diploma from different universities 答案：A。事实细节题。由第二段第二句“For personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools.”可知A项正确。由尾段可知B、D错误；C项在文中没有信息支持。
