1、 M3 Unit 5 Canada“The True North”Task I学习同位语从句结构，并能将同位语从句与定语从句用法进行区分并根据需要灵活使用。【观察】Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days.The news that our team has won the match is true.His delay is due to the fact that the car broke down halfway.【发现】这些例句中的从句都是由_引导的；从句的内容是对前面名词的_
2、;在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, problem, question等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over t
3、he whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。 分析：they had won the game说明the news的内容，因此该句为同位语从句。 注意：1. 如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that 不充当任何成分，没有具体词义，只起连接作用） 例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。 分析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的内
4、容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导。2. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加 是否 的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句） 例：We will discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time. 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。 分析：the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加 是否 的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。 3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加 什么时候、什么地
5、点、什么方式等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。 例1：I have no idea when he will be back. 分析：he will be back意义不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。 例2：I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 分析：he went home意义不完整，应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。 4. 当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。 如：
6、The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想到敌人可能已逃出城了。 5. 把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限。 同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词的内容进行补充说明，是名词内容的体现；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 不能省略，而引导定语从句的that 作从句的某个名词性成分, 如果that在定语从句中作宾语还常常省略。任何一个
7、代名词都可作被定语从句修饰的先行词，但只有内容包含性名词如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, information, wish, promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion, problem, question等才能够担当同位语从句的先行词。【练习】He told me the news that our team won the match. _从句He told me the news that was very exciting. _从句We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school._从句We are interested in the news (that/which) he told us. _从句