1、语法专项提升专题一.单句语法填空 1My interest came from my father who was a photographer; he had a lot of equipment(equip) lying around in the darkroom.解析 句意：我的兴趣源于我的摄影师父亲，他在暗房里摆放了很多仪器。equip的名词是不可数的。2The doctor told Mary that too much exposure(expose) to the sun is bad for the skin.解析 句意：医生告诉玛丽在阳光下暴露太久对皮肤不好。too muc
2、h修饰不可数名词。3Not having been given a written permission(permit), he had to write another letter to the president of the university. 解析 句意：因为没有得到书面许可，他不得不给这所大学的校长再写一封信。written(adj.书面的；文字的)作定语修饰名词。4If transport costs had been taken into consideration(consider) at the beginning, the factory would have bee
3、n built far from its present place.解析 句意：如果一开始就考虑运输成本，这座工厂就会建在离目前厂址很远的地方。take.into consideration考虑到。5As Susan stared at the piles of plastic in her recycling bin, a strong sense of responsibility(responsible) made her stick to her recycling work.解析 句意：当苏珊盯着回收箱里成堆的塑料时，强烈的责任感让她坚持她的回收工作。此处介词of后用名词，a se
4、nse of responsibility责任感，责任心。6With the help of some witnesses, three criminals were caught and asked to aid in the investigation(investigate)解析 句意：在一些目击者的帮助下，三名罪犯被抓捕并被要求协助调查。由aid in sth及设空前的the可知，此处用名词。7It is not only an embarrassment for sufferers but a test of endurance(endure) for family and frie
5、nds. 解析 句意：这不仅对受害者来说很尴尬，对于家人和朋友来说也是一种忍耐力的考验。此处介词of后用名词。8In view of all sorts of rumors and guesses, experts carried out some careful and scientific research and discounted the possibility(possible) of a second earthquake in this area.解析 句意：针对各种谣言和猜测，专家进行了一些谨慎且科学的研究，排除了这一地区再一次发生地震的可能性。由空前的the和空后的of可知
6、，此处用名词。9Each of us is likely to develop a personal preference(prefer) for certain types of entertainment.解析 句意：我们每个人都可能会形成自己对于某种娱乐的偏爱。personal作定语修饰名词。10He also learned to overcome difficulties(difficulty) by practicing instead of only listening to others.解析 句意：他还通过实践学会克服困难，而不是只听从别人。difficulty既可作可数名词
7、，表示具体的困难；也可作不可数名词，表示抽象的概念“困难，难度”，如在have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth结构中，difficulty就为不可数名词。11A report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences said unemployment(employ) among new graduates grew to over 12 percent last year because of the global economic crisis.解析 句意：中国社会科学院的一份报告显示，由于全球经济危机，去年应届
8、毕业生失业率增长到12%以上。分析句子结构可知，空处应是名词作宾语从句的主语。根据句意，应用unemployment。12Considering the severe fact of global warming, the top priority of all nations is to reduce CO2 emissions(emit) and increase the use of renewable energy.解析 句意：考虑到全球变暖的严峻事实，所有国家的首要任务是减少二氧化碳的排放，增加可再生能源的使用。空处是名词作动词reduce的宾语。 13He had not left
9、 any material possessions(possess) behind. But he had been a kind and loving father, and left behind his best love.解析 句意：他没有留下任何物质财富，但他是一位慈爱的父亲，他留下了他最好的爱。leave.behind留下；将留在身后，为固定搭配，此处leave是及物动词，其后可用名词作宾语；表示“所有物”时，possession常用复数形式。14Bob was fired the other day simply because he failed to live up to t
10、he bosss expectations(expect)解析 句意：几天前鲍勃被解雇了，仅仅因为他辜负了老板的期望。come/live up to/meet/answer sbs expectations不负某人所望，为固定搭配。【拓展】beyond (sbs) expectation(s)出乎(某人)意料。15Toms impoliteness(polite) was beyond endurance and he was asked to leave the room by his grandma.解析 句意：汤姆的无礼令人无法忍受，因而他的祖母要求他离开房间。根据名词所有格Toms可知
11、，空处要填名词；从句意看，应用politeness的反义词。16It took us quite a long time to get thereit was a three hours(hour) journey.解析 句意：我们花了很长时间到达那里那是一次三个小时的旅程。根据句意此处用名词所有格作定语。17The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of shoes, so her mother went to some shoe(shoe) stores.解析 句意：小女孩儿要她的母亲给她买一双漂亮的鞋，所以她的母亲去逛
12、了一些鞋店。名词作定语，一般用单数形式。【拓展】名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外：(1)用复数作定语。man, woman用于名词前作定语时，其单复数形式与所修饰的名词的单复数形式一致。如：a woman writer/some women writers(女作家)。(2)有些名词只有复数形式，没有单数形式，或者用于某一意义时，习惯上要用复数形式，此时它们用作定语显然只能用复数。如：goods train(货车)，customs officer(海关人员)，clothes line(晾衣绳)，sports meeting(运动会)，students readingroom(学生阅览室)，t
13、alks table (谈判桌)等。18There are certain techniques(technique) you can learn and then it is up to you to practice.解析 句意：有些特定的技巧供你学习，然后练习取决于你自己。technique在此意为“技巧”，为可数名词；根据there are可知，应用复数形式。technique意为“技术；技能”时，为不可数名词。19For Americans, distance in a social conversation is about an arms length(long) to fron
14、t feet.解析 句意：对于美国人来说，社交谈话的距离大约是距前脚一臂之远。an arms length一手臂长的距离。20I have to interrupt your meeting because the news is of great importance(important)解析 句意：我不得不打断你们的会议，因为这个消息太重要了。be of名词be名词的同根形容词。21The Dean listened to their sad story and got lost in deep thought(think)解析 句意：系主任听着他们悲伤的故事，陷入了沉思。get lost
15、 in (doing) sth沉迷于/陷于(做)某事，为固定搭配。thought意为“思维过程，思考”时，为不可数名词。22Worried about the preparations(prepare) for her feast, Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons, and other fruit.解析 句意：由于担心宴会的准备工作，莱拉带着采集的坚果、甜瓜和其他水果，很快回到家中。根据定冠词the及空后的for her feast可知，空处要用名词。preparation表示“准备工作”时常用复
16、数形式。23I was born in Shanxi Province and Im in good health(healthy)解析 句意：我出生在山西，身体健康。be in good health身体健康，其中health为不可数名词。24Besides, wed better have meals(meal) regularly.解析 句意：除此之外，我们最好有规律地吃饭。have meals吃饭，为固定搭配。25. Organizations(organize) around the world recognize our diplomas.解析 句意：世界各地的机构都承认我们的毕业
17、文凭。名词作主语，且根据谓语动词recognize可知，空处应用复数形式。26I stopped and found that they were tourists(tour) from Canada who carelessly left a very important wallet in the taxi.解析 句意：我停下来，发现他们是来自加拿大的游客，他们粗心地将一个非常重要的钱包落在了出租车里。由they were可判断空处用复数形式。27The London Eye, which is 450 feet in height(high) above the Thames River
18、, is the worlds biggest spinning structure.解析 句意：伦敦眼高450英尺，耸立于泰晤士河上，是世界上最大的旋转建筑。in height高度，为固定搭配。28The park was full of freshness and beauty(beautiful) of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.解析 句意：阳光照耀，鸟儿歌唱，公园里充满了春天的清新和美丽。根据and前的freshness可知，空处用名词，表示抽象意义。29Maybe these following advice(adv
19、ise) can help you.解析 句意：也许下面这些建议能帮到你。advice为不可数名词。30They are trying to make people understand that donating blood is one of the most significant forms(form) of charity.解析 句意：他们正努力使人们明白献血是慈善最重要的形式之一。“one of the形容词最高级可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“最之一”。.单句改错1“If your dog destroys the when you are away, it could be a
20、 pessimist.” researchers concluded.解析 句意：研究人员总结道：“如果你的爱犬趁你不在时破坏家具，那它可能是一条悲观的狗。”furniture 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。2Put yourself in situations where youre forced to communicate in English, and youll see more over time.解析 句意：将自己置身于被迫用英语交流的情景中，随着时间的推移，你会看到更大的进步。progress为不可数名词，没有复数形式。3You mustnt use cell phone her
21、e in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic ！ Its forbidden.解析 句意：在我们医院你不准使用手机，因为它干扰电子设备！这是禁止的。equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式。4All countries need accurate, timely and reliable climate as well as high quality climate services.解析 句意：所有国家都需要准确、及时和可靠的气候信息以及高质量的气候服务。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。5T
22、he rise in wood fuel use has contributed to the of forests and the loss of habitats for pandas.解析 句意：木质燃料消耗的增加导致了森林的消失和大熊猫栖息地的丧失。由句中的and及the loss可知，应用disappear的名词形式disappearance。6A young woman called 110 and the soon arrived at the scene. 解析 句意：一位年轻女士拨打了110，警察很快就到达了现场。police是集合名词，无复数形式。7If you do ru
23、n a race without training, you might simply run out of and have to walk. 解析 句意：如果你不练习就去参加赛跑，你很快会因上气不接下气而不得不停下来走。breathe是动词，而out of 后应跟名词breath。8“She is sincerely confident and has good grasp of her strengths and weaknesses，” said Dr Baird, “and she is wise beyond her years.”解析 句意：“她非常自信并深知自己的强项和弱项，”
24、拜尔德博士说，“而且她的聪慧超过了她的同龄人。”grasp本是抽象名词，其前加形容词(good)，就是抽象名词具体化。have a good grasp of深刻了解。9We could hear the sound of the rain and our footsteps mixed with our .解析 句意：我们可以听到雨声、我们的脚步声和我们的笑声混杂在一起。laughter为不可数名词，没有复数形式。【警示】短语burst into laughter(放声大笑)容易误写成burst into laughters。10Your life will be filled with d
25、ifferent ， so the important thing is to make a list of all of them and evaluate each.解析 句意：你的生活会被各种承诺填满，所以重要的是把它们列入一张清单，并对它们进行逐个评估。commitment意为“承诺”时为可数名词，different此处意为“各种的，各不相同的”，后跟名词复数形式。11We were very happy to help each other and had lots of .解析 句意：我们很乐意互相帮助，而且玩得很开心。fun为不可数名词，没有复数形式。12Ordinary wom
26、an though she is, she has won the award because she tries every to make people aware of the importance of the environment conservation.解析 句意：虽然她只是一个普通女人，但她赢得了这个奖项，因为她想方设法让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。means意为“方式，方法”时，单复数同形；mean无此意。13I have traveled to many other places in China these years, but never have I tasted
27、better fish than my .解析 句意：这些年来我跑遍了中国许多其他地方，但我从来没有品尝过比我叔叔做得更好吃的鱼。than的前后是鱼的比较，即别的地方的鱼和我叔叔做的鱼相比，而不是别的地方的鱼和我叔叔相比，故uncle应用名词所有格形式。14I enjoyed myself in the ocean of ， either doing research for my papers or reading special edition books.解析 句意：我喜欢徜徉在知识的海洋里，要么为我的论文作研究要么阅读特刊。knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。但有时其前可加不
28、定冠词，使抽象名词具体化。如：a good knowledge of通晓/熟知。15During your stay here, Ill take you to some places of and you can taste some local snacks.解析 句意：在您逗留此地期间，我将带您去参观一些名胜古迹，并且您可以品尝一些当地小吃。of interest在句中作后置定语，意为“有吸引力的，使人感兴趣的”，此时interest为不可数名词，place of interest名胜古迹。【拓展】(1)interest意为“兴趣”时，是抽象名词，没有复数形式，但可以与不定冠词连用。ha
29、ve/develop an interest in对产生兴趣；show/lose an interest in对表现出/失去兴趣。如：He showed an interest in sports.他对运动表现出兴趣。(2)interest意为“感兴趣的事；爱好”时，为可数名词，并且常用复数形式。如：His two great interests in life are music and chess.他生活中的两大乐趣是听音乐和下国际象棋。16First of all, we have to recognize our and weaknesses.解析 句意：首先，我们必须认清我们的优缺点
30、。strengths and weaknesses优缺点；优势和劣势。17It was great success to host such a big event at our place.解析 句意：在我们这个地方举办如此盛大的活动是一件非常成功的事情。此处是抽象名词具体化，a success意为“一位成功的人或一件成功的事”。18We paid a visit to a remote village, and there was a four walk.解析 句意：我们参观了一个偏远的小村庄，走了四个小时到那里。此处是名词所有格作定语，并且由four可知，hour应用复数形式。19The
31、 shop is just around the corner two blocks away, and you cant miss it.解析 句意：自行车店就在两个街区外的转弯处，你不会错过它的。此处用名词作定语。20In my opinion, being a volunteer teacher at the Hope Primary School is more than just .解析 句意：在我看来，在希望小学做一名志愿者老师并不仅仅是教学。根据句意可知，more than在此处表示“不仅仅”，其后应接名词。【拓展】more than的用法：(1)后接名词，表示“不只是；不仅仅”
32、。如：Bamboo is used for more than building.(2)后接数词，表示“超过，多于”。如：Altogether there are more than 500 different kinds of trees.(3)后接形容词或副词，表示“非常，很”。如：In doing scientific experiment, one must be more than careful with the instruments.21Sometimes we talk to each other online very well, but we become when of
33、fline.解析 句意：有时我们在网上聊得很好，但是线下我们就变成了陌生人。根据we可知，stranger要用复数形式。22I saw your wife and children waiting for you with warm on their faces.解析 句意：我看见你的妻子和孩子们脸上带着热情的笑容在等你。根据their faces可知，smile要用复数形式。23However, too much exposure to cell phones is bad for people in of health.解析 句意：然而，过多接触手机对人们的健康有害。in terms of
34、就而言；从角度，为固定搭配。24As I walked downstairs to leave the McDonalds, two university students caught my .解析 句意：当我下楼准备离开麦当劳时，两名大学生引起了我的注意。catch ones eye引起某人注意，为固定搭配，eye在此短语中是一个抽象名词，意为“注意力；目光”，而非“眼睛”，意同attention，没有复数形式。25For example, we can do reading for one and a half and play sports for one hour every day
35、.解析 句意：例如，我们可以每天读一个半小时书并且做一个小时的运动。one and a half hours一个半小时。26Landors Cottage, a fantasy short story published in 1849, was one of Edgar Allan Poes .解析 句意：于1849年出版的短篇幻想小说兰多的小屋是埃德加爱伦坡的作品之一。“one of可数名词复数”意为“之一”。27It is good manners to shake with your host.解析 句意：与主人握手是有礼貌的。shake hands握手，是固定搭配。【拓展】manne
36、r意为“方式；方法；举止；态度”时常用单数，意为“礼貌，礼仪”时，常用复数，如：table manners餐桌礼仪。28Another fascinating and undeniable fact about toys is that they are of great interest not only for kids, but for the and even for the home animals too.解析 句意：玩具的另一个令人着迷、不可抗拒的事实是它们不仅能引起孩子们极大的兴趣，而且对成年人乃至家中宠物也是如此。grownup没有中心词，其复数形式是在up后加s。29Ive done well in all and Im especially good at computer studies and English.解析 句意：我所有的科目都学得很好，尤其擅长计算机课程和英语。all后可数名词要用复数形式。30When English is the only language in class, students will have more to practise listening and speaking.解析 句意：当上课只能说英语时，学生将有更多的机会练习听力和口语。more后接可数名词的复数形式。