1、课下能力提升(十八).根据提示写出单词的正确形式1As the economy develops, the natural income goes up with a leap (飞跃)2These foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint (联合的) venture.3The word “explode” means “to burst (爆炸) with a lot of force and loud noise”4Will you act as witness (见证人) to the agreement between us?
2、5Over 3 million viewers tune (收看) in to our show daily.6He is familiar with all the important historic (history) events.7The ancient Egyptians had advanced (advance) civilizations.8After waiting for an hour, I was beginning to run out of patience (patient)9Not accustomed (accustom) to associating wi
3、th business people, she decided to be a teacher after graduation.10How could you make an assumption (assume) about her without meeting her?.选词填空at the very beginning of， set foot on， be accustomed to， ever since， in shock， be aware of， in spite of， make it1I havent heard from him ever_since last yea
4、r.2Everybody is_aware_of the importance of the skill.3They elected him monitor at_the_very_beginning_of the term.4He remains excellent in his studies at school in_spite_of having to do parttime jobs every now and then.5Since entry into high school the students have been_accustomed_to staying up late
5、 in the evening and getting up early in the morning.6Work hard, and youll make_it eventually.7He was still in_shock from what had happened earlier in the afternoon.8Nobody has ever set_foot_on that island.完成句子1她一听到这个悲伤的消息，就失声痛哭起来。Scarcely had she heard the sad news when she burst_out_crying/burst_in
6、to_tears.2两个故事我都不喜欢，因为这个故事并不比那个故事有趣。I like neither of the two stories. For this story is no_more_interesting_than that one.3我习惯于在睡觉前听一些轻音乐。I am_accustomed_to_listening_to some light music.4他夹着一大本书，走出了图书馆。He came out of the library, a_large_book_under_his_arm.5你的作业下周一必须上交。Your homework is_to_be_hande
7、d_in next Monday. .阅读理解ASaturns icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methaneproducing (产甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice eru
8、pting from Enceladus south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in Enceladus ocean，” Linda S
9、pilker, a scientist at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.“This is the closest weve come, so far, to iden
10、tifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASAs Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we a
11、re indeed alone or not.”NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiters moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.Confirming the existence of Europas gas would allow researchers to study that moons ch
12、emical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASAs Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed
13、investigation of Europa.“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASAs Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in particular.”1The new discovery made the
14、scientists feel more _.AconfidentBdoubtfulCworried Dconfused解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的“This is the closest weve come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。2According to the text, NASAs science missions aim to _.Amak
15、e space travel a realityBanalyze Jupiters chemical makeupCfind out whether life exists outside EarthDexplore the resources on Saturns icy moon解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASAs science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not”可知
16、，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。3Which would be a suitable title for the text?AThere is life outside EarthBEnceladus could harbor alien lifeCA new study about Saturn beginsDNASA is planning a landing on Jupiter解析：选B标题归纳题。本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。故B项最适合作文章标题。BThe oddness of life in space ne
17、ver quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping
18、astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer. “Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It a
19、lso has no seat. With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbondioxide you exhal
20、e (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks youre fa
21、lling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be
22、so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as
23、it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a roundtrip to Mars.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘
24、？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。4What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?ADeciding on a proper sleep position.BChoosing a comfortable sleeping bag.CSeeking a way to fall asleep quickly.DFinding a right time to go to sleep.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents it
25、s own challenges.”可知合适的睡觉姿势对于太空中的宇航员是主要的挑战。5The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when _.Athey circle around on their bikesBthey use microcomputers without a stopCthey exercise in one place for a long timeDthey watch a movie while pedaling解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后三句可知在一个地方时间太长就会引起头疼。6S
26、ome astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _.Atheir senses stop workingBthey have to stand up straightCthey float out of their seats unexpectedlyDtheir brains receive contradictory messages解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Your inner ear thinks youre falling. Meanwhile your eyes are t
27、elling you youre standing straight. That can be annoying thats why some people feel sick.”可以推知由于他们的大脑接受到相反的信息而引起了他们的恶心。7One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is _.Ahow much exercise they do on the stationBhow they can remain healthy for long in spaceCwhether they can recover after returning h
28、omeDwhether they are able to go back to the station解析：选B细节理解题。根据文章最后一句可知NASA关心他们如何在太空中长时间保持健康。.阅读七选五Five simple things that are actually complexThe proof for “112” is 300 pages long_1_ In the early 20th century, Bertrand Russell wanted to prove that mathematics worked, so he decided to start with th
29、e simplest concept and prove 112. However, it took the mathematician and philosopher 372 pages of complex sums.Defining the word “the” is really difficultThe word “the” is one of the most common words in English._2_ For example, why do we say, “I have the flu，” but not “I have the headache？” In the
30、Oxford English Dictionary, there are almost two dozen different ways the word can be used in a sentence correctly.Yawning Some people say we yawn to keep us alert (警觉的) by taking in oxygen. However, various experiments have shown that yawning actually cools down the brain._3_ As for why yawning is c
31、ontagious (感染性的), no one knows that either.Left and right have been confusing philosophers for yearsWould you explain the concept of left and right in terms of your relative position to a wellknown landmark (地标性建筑)? _4_ Its a question that has been puzzling philosophers for years because, without a
32、point of reference, its difficult to define what left and right actually are._5_Youd think that the reason we enjoy things is because it feels good in some way, but its only half the story. Theres a famous experiment where wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an outstand
33、ing one just by switching the labels. Their enjoyment of the product wasnt based on appreciation of wine it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine.AWhat you feel may not be the truthBWe enjoy things for reasons other than enjoymentCBut what if you were talking to one who couldnt
34、see?DWe all know that one plus one equals two, but do you know why?EIn fact, there is no universally agreed theory for why we actually yawn.FMaybe youd refer to the move of the Earth or something comparably huge.GMost of us have probably never stopped to think about how strange a word it actually is
35、.1解析：选D根据本段标题可知，本段是介绍“关于112的论证有300多页”。D项中的one plus one equals two 符合本段内容。2解析：选G根据本空后的例子可知，同样是在说生病，但是有的时候用 the，有的时候不用 the，所以说 the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”，只是因为它太常见了，所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。3解析：选E本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论，由此可推测“实际上，关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。本空后一句中的 no one knows that either 也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。4解析：选C
36、根据本空前的内容可知，我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右，“但是如果我们是与一个盲人交谈呢”，又该如何定义左右呢？这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。5解析：选B根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Their enjoyment of the product wasnt based on appreciation of wine it was based on the fact that they were told it was good wine”可知，“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦，而是因为其他的原因”。.课时微写作(根据汉语提示完成小作文)At_the_
37、very_beginning_of (在一开始时) the 1950s, China set_out_to_explore (着手探索) space.In 2008 when millions of people tuned_in_to_witness (收看节目来见证) Chinese first spacewalk, they burst_into_cheers (突然欢呼起来)It was acknowledged as a_historic_event (历史事件), which was a_big_leap (一次大的飞跃) in the history of space exploration in China.At the same time, China began its lunar exploration program and China made_it (做到了). In_spite_of (尽管) our great achievements, we ought to be modest and work harder.
