1、三、难句透视1. unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city! 不幸的是，所有的人和这整座城市都被活埋了。【剖析】本句中含有两种结构，第一种是表语形容词alive在句中作伴随状语，表示被埋时的状态。第二种结构是so+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示前一句话所表达的意思，也适合后者。【归纳】（1）形容词在句中作伴随状语或结果状语 Make sure that he is captured alive.一定要活捉他。Suddenly he fell on the ground dead.突然，他倒地而
2、死。He went to bed, cold and hungry.他上床睡觉时觉得又冷又饿。（2）“so +系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”这一结构中，so用来代替上文的内容，表示句子中主语的情况与上文主语的情况相同，译为“也是如此，也是这样”；而且这种结构中的系动词/助动词/情态动词应与上文一致但人称和数应与后面的主语一致，否定结构中用 nor/neither代替so。I am a teacher, so is my sister.我是老师，我姐姐也是。She can speak two foreign languages ,so can I.她会说两种外语，我也会。He seldom d
3、rinks tea, nor does she.他很少喝茶，她也是。1.1)单项填空(1）Thank God, you finally arrived _.You can never imagine how I worried about you when I was told about the accident.A. safeB. aloneC. separatelyD. lively提示:句意为“谢天谢地，你终于安全回来，你想象不出我在听到这个事故后是多么的担心你。”答案:A(2）Mary never does any reading in the evening,_.A. so doe
4、s JohnB. John does tooC. John doesnt tooD. nor does John提示：由句意“Mary晚上从来不看书”知，本句强调的是否定意思，从而排除A项。B、C两项结构不完整，故不选。D项“nor does John”表示“约翰也不”，Mary的情况也适合John.答案：D2）完成句子（1）He stood there, _（充满恐惧地）.答案：full of fear（2）He lay in bed, _（完全清醒地）.答案：wide awake2. Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the
5、sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins , painted pots, silk materials, documents and wall paintings.Sven 发现一些断壁残垣和珠宝被埋在沙子下面，而这些珠宝包括硬币，漆壶，丝制品，文件和壁画。【剖析】句中together with连接的是“a lot of treasures”和“the remains of buildings ”两个并列成分共同作了found 的宾语；buried 作宾补；而such as 引导的部分是treasures 的同位语，说明trea
6、sures 所包括的内容。【归纳】（1）such as 如；像这样的Sweet foods such as chocolate can make you fat.像巧克力之类的甜食能使人发胖。（2）such as与for example辨析such as 用来列举事物，常用在列举的事物和前面的名词之间，但是所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提事物的总数，否则应用that is 或namely。for example 主要用来举例说明，一般只列举同类人或事物中的“一个”，其位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或名末，用标点符号隔开。2.英汉互译（1）我有三个朋友，即约翰、杰克和汤姆。_答案：I hav
7、e three friends， that is /namely, John, Jack and Tom.（2）他懂几种语言，像英语、法语和德语。_答案：He knows several languages, such as English, French and German.（3）Some students ,for example, John, lives in the neighbourhood._答案：有些学生，比如约翰，住在这个地区。（4）Lets take Disneyland for example._答案：让我们以迪尼斯乐园为例。（5）He can speak four La
8、nguages, namely English, French, German and Russian._答案：他能说四种语言，即英语、法语、德语和俄语。3. Now known as Xian in ShanXi Province, Changan was one of the largest cities in the world at that time .长安在当时是世界上最大的城市之一，而人们知道它就是现在陕西省的西安。【剖析】本句中known as Xian in Shan Xi Province是过去分词短语在句中作状语。【归纳】过去分词短语在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等
9、。Scolded by the teacher, the girl sat there crying.由于被老师批评了，那个女孩坐在那儿哭。Having been kept in prison for many years, he went mad.因为在监狱里呆了那么多年，他疯了。Supported by his students ,the teacher came into the classroom.被学生们扶着，这位老师进了教室。3.单项填空（1）_ more time, I could have done the job much better.A. GivenB. To giveC
10、. GivingD. Having given提示:由后面的结构could have done 可知，这是过去的事。后面的句子的主语与give之间是被动关系，所以选A项。答案:A（2）_ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited答案：C4.Chinese people managed to travel further and further a
11、long the Silk Road, introducing silk, china，tea，etc. to other countries.中国人成功地沿着丝绸之路越走越远，把丝绸、瓷器、茶等引进到别的国家。【剖析】本句中使用了现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。【归纳】现在分词短语在句中可以作伴随、方式、时间、原因、结果、条件等状语。Not knowing his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with him.因为不知道他的电话号码，所以很难和他取得联系。Having studied in the uni
12、versity for three years, he knows the place very well.在这儿上了三年学后，他非常了解这个地方。Yesterday I called you, asking you some information on computer.昨天我给你打电话，想问你一些关于电脑方面的信息。4.单项填空（1）European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. makingB. makesC. madeD. to make提示:此题可用排除法。不表目的，排除D项。其后有宾语和宾补不可能是被动，排除C项。不是完整的句子不用谓语动词，排除B项。答案:A（2）The secretary worked late into night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing提示：prepare是worked 的伴随动作，故选用现在分词，若是目的状语其前不加逗号；若作并列谓语，应用and 连接，故选B项。答案：B