1、互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.in the past 过去；过去的【典型例句】I used to go there often in the past.过去我常去那里。Think about how many changes there have been in the past one thousand years.想一想在过去的1,000年里有多少变化。【相关链接】in the past 与一般过去时连用in the past +一段时间与完成时连用。1.单项填空I heard the farmers _ poor in the past.Yes, but there _ great c
2、hanges in the past few years.A. have been; have beenB. have been; wereC. were; have beenD. were; were提示:in the past 与一般过去时连用，in the past few years, few year 表示时间段,故与现在完成时连用，in the last+一段时间，也有此用法。答案:C2. historical adj. 历史上的；史学的【典型例句】I have been doing some historical research. 我一直在进行史学研究。You must pla
3、ce these events in their historical context.必须把这些事件同它们的历史环境联系起来。【相关链接】historyn.U历史（学）C病历，经历，来历historic adj.历史上著名的，具有重大历史意义的2.完成句子(1)Today is a_（具有历史意义的日子）for our country.答案：historic occasion(2) Was Robin Hood_(历史人物）？答案：a historical figure（3）There is_（心脏病史）in my family.答案：a history of heart disease3.
4、 while conj.而，然而；当的时候；尽管，虽然；只要 n.时间，一段时间【典型例句】Some people waste food while others havent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人吃不饱。He caught a cold while （he was）on vacation.他度假时患了感冒。While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对学生们很严格。You dont have to worry while we are here.只要我们在，你就别着急。There
5、 will be life while there is water and air.只要有空气和水，就有生命。Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你一直在哪儿？【相关链接】once in a while=occasionally 偶尔；有时while time away 消磨时间for a long while 很久all the while 始终；一直worth （sbs）while 值得（某人）（花时间、精力等）的between whiles 时常；不时的in a short while 很快就3.单项填空(1)（经典回放）I do every
6、single bit of housework _my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.A. sinceB. whileC. whenD. as提示:空前后的句意构成转折和对比，所以只能选B项，意为“然而，但，却”。空后内容构不成前部分的状语。答案:B(2) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. WhileB. SinceC. BeforeD. Unless提示:while“虽然，尽管”；since“既然”；before“在之前”；unl
7、ess“除非”。而句意为“虽然我接受他不完美（这个事实），但我的确喜欢这个人”。答案:A（3）_ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A. ForB. WhileC. SinceD. Because答案：B4. remains n.剩余物；遗体；遗迹；残骸【典型例句】His remains are buried in the churchyard
8、.他的遗体埋在教堂墓地。The remains of a meal / an army.残羹剩饭/残兵败将。【相关链接】remain vi.剩下；余留;保持；仍是remaining adj. 剩下的，剩余的4.单项填空The lady said she would buy her daughter a gift with the _.A. dollars remainedB. dollars to leaveC. remaining dollarsD. left dollars提示:题意为“这位女士说她将用剩余的钱为她女儿买份礼物。”答案:C5. similarity n. U类似；相似C相似
9、之处【典型例句】The report highlights the similarity between the two groups.这组报告强调两者之间的相似性。She bears a striking similarity to her mother.她跟她母亲十分相像。【相关链接】similar adj.类似的;同样的similarly adv. 相似地;同样地be similar to 与相似have similarity in 在方面有相似之处be familiar to 被所熟悉be familiar with 对熟悉5.单项填空Your views on education a
10、re similar _ mine.A. with B. forC. to D. on提示:be similiar to “与相似”，是固定搭配，而句意为“你的教育观点与我的相似。”答案：C6. be known as 作为而为人所知【典型例句】She is known as a pianist. 她作为一名钢琴师而著名。Beijing is known as the capital of China.北京作为中国的首都而闻名。Lu Xun is known as a writer for his famous writing.鲁迅因其著名的作品而以作家著称。【相关链接】be known fo
11、r 因为而有名be known to sb. 为所知（强调对象）be famous for 因而著名know about 知道关于的情况know of 知道有的存在be famous as 作为而著名（后接表示职务、身份的词）be remembered as 作为被缅怀6.1）单项填空Professor Wang, _ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.A. having knownB. to be knownC. knownD. knowing提示:题意为：“王教授以讲课信息量大而出名，深受学生
12、们的欢迎。”题中两个逗号中间部分为插入语，用过去分词known来修饰逻辑主语professor Wang. B项动词不定式表将来，不合题意。A、D两项为主动，在句法逻辑上不符。答案:C2）用适当的介词填空（1）The young man is know _ the police.答案：to（2）I dont know _ the matter.答案：about7.take over 控制；管理（国家，政党等）；接收，接管（公司）；从一地送到另一地；接任；接手【典型例句】The firm has been took over by an American conglomerate.该公司已被一家
13、美国企业集团接管。Mr. White took me over to the island in his boat.怀特先生用他的汽艇把我送到了岛上。【相关链接】take up 占据（时间、空间）；从事工作take in 吸收；摄取；包含take off 起飞；脱掉；匆匆离开take on 呈现的样子；开始雇用take out 拿出；取出take away 拿走take back 收回；取回take along 随身携带7.单项填空（1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.A.
14、takes upB. makes upC. saves upD. puts up答案:A（2）Was it in 1948 that the Government _ the railways in Great Britain, nationalized them?A. took awayB. take onC. takes onD. took over提示：根据题意应是政府接管铁路，收归国有。用take over；事情又是发生在1948年，过去的时间，故用一般过去时。答案：D8. erupt v.爆发；喷出火焰；（人或其皮肤）出疹【典型例句】When boiling rock erupts
15、from the volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine.沸腾的岩浆从火山内部喷发而出并落回到地面时，它造成的破坏比预想的小。Riot erupted in the city after the football match. 足球赛后城里发生了暴力事件。Her face erupted in pimples.她的脸上长出了粉刺。【相关链接】eruption n.爆发There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年
16、火山爆发了好几次。8.单项填空(1)Enough lava had _ from the volcano to bury the entire village.A. eruptedB. given outC. burst outD. sprung up提示：“火山喷发的熔岩足以淹没整个村庄。”erupt, “指火山喷发”；give out 指释放出/发出声音、光线、气味等。burst out 指突然冒出、发出声音；spring up 突然出现，（念头）突然浮现。答案：A9. lecture n.讲课，上课;vi.作演讲，讲课;vt.斥责，斥责或告诫某人【典型例句】Mr. Smith gave
17、us an interesting lecture.史密斯先生给我们做了一个精彩的报告。He always lectures his children for being untidy.他老是斥责子女不讲卫生。【相关链接】lecturer n.讲师lectureship n.讲师的职位a lecture tour 巡回演讲deliver a lecture 上课give sb. a lecture 训斥某人lecture sb. for /about sth.因某事斥责或告诫某人9.完成句子(1)Professor Jones _ this term（没讲课）.答案：is not lectur
18、ing(2)The policeman let me off_（给我讲了一大堆注意车速的道理）.答案：with a lecture about speeding（3）He will _of the party （作党史讲演）.答案：give a lecture on the history（4）He is always_（对我的衣着指手画脚）.答案：lecturing me about the way I dress.（5）He is_（讲师）in French at Oxford.答案：a lecturer10.civilization （civilisation） n.U开化，教化；文明，
19、文明社会C（民族，国家或时期的）文化和生活方式【典型例句】The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years. 人类的开化经历了数千年。Its good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks.在帐篷里过了两个星期后，又回到文明社会可真舒服。The civilization of ancient Egypt and Babylon.古埃及和巴比伦文化。【相关链接】civilize/civilise v.开化，教化；使文明civilized ad
20、j.文明的；开化的；举止得体的10.用civilization, civilized， civilize填空（1）No _ country should allow such terrible injustices.答案:civilized（2）The victorians regarded the railways as bringing progress and _.答案:civilization（3）We couldnt even have a _ conversation any more.答案:civilized（4）The _ of ancient Greece and Rome
21、are known to us all.答案:civilizations11. surrounding adj.周围的；附近的【典型例句】The surrounding area of the park is very beautiful too.这个公园的周围地区也很漂亮。There are a lot of birds in the surrounding woods.在周围的树林子里有许多鸟。【相关链接】surroundings n.（pl.）环境，周围的事物The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundi
22、ngs.这些建筑物设计巧妙，与周围环境浑然一体。surround vt.围绕，环绕；使包围，围住be surrounded with /by为所环绕environment着眼于环境对人的感受、道德观念的影响，既指自然环境又指精神环境11.1）单项填空Children need a happy home _.A. surroundingsB. circumstancesC. environmentD. setting提示:句意为“孩子们需要一个愉快的家庭环境”。，environment 表示环绕着某一特定的人或物并对其产生某种影响的“环境氛围”，surroundings（一定用复数）表示“周围的
23、事物，环境”，circumstances 指某事或动作发生时的情况，D项setting 常指“背景,环境”。答案：C2）完成句子（1）You dont see animals in their_（自然环境）at a zoo.答案：natural surroundings（2）We were_（被危险包围）.答案：surrounded by /with danger12. unfortunately adv.不幸地【典型例句】The notice is most unfortunately phrased.这份通知用语很不得当。I cant come, unfortunately.很遗憾，我来不
24、了。Unfortunately for him, he has wrong.很遗憾，他错了。【相关链接】unfortunate adj.不幸的；倒霉的；不合适的，不适当的n.（pl.）不幸的人，可怜人fortunate adj.幸运的；侥幸的fortune n.U运气；C命运，财富fortunately adv.幸运地，庆幸地12.1）单项填空（经典回放）Two middle -aged passengers fell into the sea, _,neither of them could swim.A. In factB. LuckilyC. unfortunatelyD. Natura
25、lly提示:句意为“两位中年乘客落入水里，而不幸地是，他们中没有一个会游泳” 。答案:C2）单句改错He made a fortune by working hard for 10 years, unfortunate， a fire destroyed his house._答案：unfortunate 改为unfortunately13. alive adj.活着的【典型例句】The fish is still alive （living）.那条鱼还活着。Keep him alive, please.请让他活下去吧。He is the only man alive in the accid
26、ent.他是事故中唯一活着的人。【相关链接】living adj.“有生命的，活着的”，多作表语和前置定语，可修饰人或物。a living plant 活的植物The living people will go on with the work of the dead.活着的人将继续完成死去人的工作。live adj.活生生的；现场直播的，现存的，只作前置定语，只用来修饰物，不指人。a live tiger 一只活老虎a live show /broadcast/TV programs现场转播的表演/实况广播/现场直播的电视节目lively adj.活泼的；生动的;有生气的;用作表语，定语指人
27、或物。a lively child 活泼的孩子a lively description 生动的描述.13.1)完成句子(1)他妻子还活着吗？Is his wife still _?答案：alive/living(2)他们把他活埋了。They buried him _.答案：alive（3）多么生动地演讲啊！What a _ lecture!答案：lively2）单项填空（1）The article gave a _ description on South American life.A. liveB. lifeC. livingD. lively提示：句意为“文章对南美生活作了生动的描述”。
28、答案：D(2）He is still _ after the accident, which made us all surprised.A. livingB. aliveC. liveD. lively提示：alive, living 都表示“活着的”，它们常可互换，但alive可用于表示劫后余生，根据语境选B项。答案：B14. bury vt.将（尸体）土葬；海葬；将（某人/物）藏匿于地下；以土壤、石块、树叶等覆盖；覆盖【典型例句】Where is Shakespeare buried?莎士比亚葬于何处？The house was buried under 10 feet of snow.
29、那房子被掩埋在十英尺厚的雪底下。Your letter got buried under a pile of papers.你的信被压在一堆文件下面了。【相关链接】bury oneself in sth.埋头于或专心致志于14.完成句子(1)He_（死亡并埋葬）for years!答案:has been dead and buried（2）The miners_（被活埋）when the tunnel collapsed.答案:were buried alive（3）In the evenings he_（埋头苦读）.答案:buries himself in his books （4）She_
30、（双手掩面）and wept.答案:buried her face in her hands15. cover vt.覆盖；涉及，处理，适用于；报道；在某物上溅上或洒上一层液体；方圆；面积n.C掩蔽物，罩子，套子，盖子U避难所，庇护所；（书刊等的）封面【典型例句】Cover the table with a cloth.在桌子上铺上台布。I was covered with/in mud by a passing car.一辆过路的汽车溅了我一身泥。Her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.她的演讲对这个问题阐述得很透彻。10 will cover
31、 our petrol for the journey.10英镑就足够支付我们这次旅行的汽油费。By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落的时候我们已走了三十英里。The newspaper covered the news on time .报纸及时报道了这条新闻。Ill cover for Jane while she was on holiday.简休假时我替他工作。There was no where we could take cover from the storm.我们没有地方躲避这场风暴。You should read the book
32、from cover to cover.你应该从头到尾读完这本书。【相关链接】covering n.遮蔽物coverage n.新闻报道，覆盖程度covered adj.有遮盖物的be covered with /by 被所覆盖under the cover of 在的掩护下;以为借口15.1)完成句子（1）The firm_（入不敷出）；it hasnt made profits for years.答案:barely covers its costs （2）The report_（报道了这次事故的所有细节）.答案:covered every detail of the accident（3
33、）She was so interested in the novel that she _（一夜读完）.答案:covered all the book a night（4）He laughed_（以掩盖紧张的心情）.答案:to cover his nervousness（5）The troops_（趁着天黑行军）.答案:marched under the cover of night（6）The wind blew from the desert_（使得一切东西都蒙上了一层沙子）.答案:and covered everything with sand2)用cover的适当形式填空（1）The
34、 land was flat and treeless and provided no_ for the troops.答案：cover（2）There is a light _ of snow on the ground.答案：covering（3）The two lovers are walking on a long _ way around the campus.答案：covered16. imagine vt.想象;设想；推测【典型例句】We just couldnt imagine their living such a poor life like that.我们简直不能想象他们
35、过着那样穷的生活。You can well imagine how happy they will be to have this chance to Beijing.你可以想象他们能有这样的机会来北京是多么的高兴。Dont imagine yourself to be always correct.不要以为自己总是对的。【相关链接】imagination n.想象力，创造力imaginative adj.具有想象力的imaginable adj.可想象的，常与形容词最高级或all; every ;only等连用，可以放在被修饰的名词后面。an imaginative artist 富有想象力
36、的艺术家the only solution imaginable 唯一想得出的办法an imaginary enemy 假想的敌人16.单项填空(1)There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old.A. to be B. to have beenC. being D. having been提示:imagine doing sth.此处表示状态，不表示完成。答案：C（2）The doctor is trying to save the patie
37、nt by every _ means.A. imaginativeB. imaginableC. imaginaryD. imagination提示：根据题意：“用一切可以想到的方法”，故选B项。答案：B17.house n.C房子；住宅；住在一所房子中的人们vt.给（某人）房子住；储存（货物等）【典型例句】Be quiet or youll wake the whole house.安静点吧，别把全家人都吵醒了。We can house you if the hotels are full.假如旅馆已客满，我们可以留你住宿。The gas meter is housed in the cu
38、pboard under the stairs.煤气表安装在楼梯下的柜橱里。17.完成句子（1）The Library of the British Museum_（收藏了许多来自世界各地的艺术品）from all over the world.答案:houses a good number of works of art（2）We_（留他住宿）that night.答案:housed him（3）_（建筑新房屋）everywhere.答案:New houses are going up18. discover vt.发现（地方或科学事实）；发觉，弄明白真相【典型例句】Columbus dis
39、covered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. 科学家们正在探索这是否可能。The researcher discovered the truth by chance.研究人员无意中发现了事情的真相。【相关链接】discover 与invent 的区别：discover发现，指发现原来就已经存在的东西invent指的是发明原先不存在的东西。Who invented the telephone?谁发明了电话？discoverer n.发现者disco
40、verable adj.发现的;显露的18.1）单项填空Bell, a famous inventor of the world, is said _ the telephone, which is still in popular use today.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. inventedD. to invent提示:“动词不定式”的完成式，表示这个动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。而题意为：“人们说是贝尔发明了电话。”答案:A2）用discover /invent填空（1）Laszlo Biro _ the ball-point pen.答案
41、：invented（2）Ive _ a super restaurant near here.答案：discovered19. ruins n.废墟；遗迹【典型例句】We visited the ruins of a Norman Castle.我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.他决心从事业失败中爬起来，重新开始新的生活。Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.经年的战事已使这个地区满目疮痍。【相关链接】ru
42、in vt.使毁灭；毁坏；变成废墟The hurricane ruined the crops.洪水毁坏了庄稼。The heavy rain ruined our holiday.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁掉了。lie in ruins 成为废墟bring sb. to ruin 使某人破产fall into ruin 崩塌19.1)单项填空We had no rain for four months, and the harvest was _.A. damagingB. damagedC. ruiningD. ruined提示：题意为“连续4个月没有下雨,庄稼都被毁了。”damage 指损坏，
43、但是可以弥补，修复；而ruin是指一种不可弥补的毁灭。根据题意，被毁已成为一个既定事实，所以不用ruining，故选D项。答案：D2)翻译（1）吸烟在毁坏他的健康。_答案：Smoking is ruining his health.（2）用这种方式来使她的希望破灭很残忍。_答案：Its rude to ruin her hope in this way.20. paint n.U涂料 Pl.（一套）管装或块状的颜料；v.在（某物）上涂颜料或油漆，用颜料绘画【典型例句】She paints well. 他善于绘画。She painted the house blue.她把房子刷成了蓝色。The
44、artist brought his paints with him.那画家自带颜料。【相关链接】painter n.粉刷工，油漆工painting U粉刷；上油漆；绘画20.单项填空Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms _.A. are being paintedB. are paintingC. are paintedD. are being painting提示:由题意可知，“房子正在刷漆”，所以还没有搬进去，而且是被动语态，故排除B、C两项.B项为主动语态，C项为一般现在时的被动语态，D项因是被动结构，错误，故不选，所
45、以选A项。答案:A21. enormous adj.巨大的；极大的；庞大的【典型例句】Long ago enormous animals lived on the earth.很久以前地球上生活着庞大的动物。The building is very enormous.这座建筑物非常大。The problems facing the president are enormous.总统所面临的问题是巨大的。【相关链接】huge 指超越一定标准的事物的体积或容量，用在比喻中形容抽象事物，指某事严重或急需解决。enormous 指“大”到令人吃惊，甚至不相信的程度，也常修饰抽象事物的严肃性、迫切性；v
46、ast 用以指范围；数量，但着重指面积，而不涉及重量或体积。21.用huge, enormous, vast 的适当形式填空（1）We have a _ expanse of cultivable land.答案:vast（2）Can you imagine how _ those museums are ?答案：huge（3）The thief stole an _ amount of money from the bank.答案：enormous（4）His tastes have changed _ over the years.答案：enormously（5）His business
47、empire was truly _.答案：vast22. chance n.机会；偶然；运气；可能性【典型例句】Lets leave it to chance.我们就让它顺其自然吧。The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.可能四个烟民中有一个会死于吸烟。Ive had no chance to get away/of getting away.我一直没有机会脱身。Its the chance of a lifetime, you shouldnt miss it.这是一生中难得的机会，你不应错过它。The cha
48、nce are ten to one that the guest team will win. 十之八九客队会胜。【词组搭配】by chance=by accident 偶然地stand a good chance of 大有的希望22.单项填空（1）There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if答案：A（2）We may lose a lot of support, but thats the _well have to ta
49、ke.A. stakeB. chanceC. betD. hazard提示：根据句意“虽然我们会失去很多帮助，但这是一个机会。”故选B项。答案：B23. involve v.使卷入，牵涉，拖累；包括，含有，必有结果【典型例句】Dont involve other people in your mistakes.不要把你的错误拖累到别人身上。Taking the job involves living abroad.接受这项工作就必须到国外居住。A lot of countries were involved in World War .很多国家被卷入了二战。【相关链接】be involved
50、in sth.使牵扯进去；使陷入;与有关be involved with sb. 和混在一起，和有密切联系involve sb. /sth. in sth./doing sth.使陷入困境；参与活动He is deeply involved with that girl.她和那个女孩关系密切。It is said that the man is involved in criminal activities.据说这个人与犯罪活动有关联。Building the road will involve the construction of ten bridges.修建这条路涉及修建十座桥梁。23.
51、单项填空（1）The young man _ in studying paid no attention to the outside world.A. involvedB. involvingC. to be involvedD. being involved提示:题意为“专心学习的年轻人没有注意外面的动静”。答案:A（2）When we study a branch of science or technology, first of all, we have to understand the concepts _.A. contemptedB. filedC. includedD. i
52、nvolved提示：involved 或concerned 表示所“涉及到的，有关的”；一般都作后置定语，且involved 作前置或后置定语时意义不同，the people involved “所涉及的人”，the involved story“复杂的经历”，而句意为“当我们学习一门科学或技术时，首先要理解其所涉及的概念。”故选D项。答案：D24. drive vt.赶（马，车）；开（车）；开车送某人/物；打；钉进；迫使某人 vi.（车子）开；走；开车n.驾车旅行；驾车路程【典型例句】The farmer drove cattle along the road.那个农夫赶着牛在路上走着。Th
53、e boss drives his workers （very hard）.老板紧逼着工人们干活。He is learning to drive a car.他正在学开车。Can you drive me to the hotel?你开车送我到宾馆好吗？The new car drives easily.这部新车很好开。The terrible news drove him mad/to drink.可怕的消息使得他发疯/喝起酒来。24.1)单项填空Mr. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to nev
54、er driveC. never drivingD. never drive提示：“warn sb.（not ）to do sth.”意为警告某人某事；句意为“史密斯先生警告她女儿不要酒后驾车。”答案：A2)完成句子（1）The urge to survive_（驱使他们继续下去）.答案：drove them on（2）Its_（驾车三个小时的路程）to London.答案：a three -hour drive25. prepare vt.使做好准备；把预备好，使自己有准备；防范【典型例句】The college prepares students for a career in busin
55、ess.这个学院是培养商务人才的。The police are preparing themselves for trouble.警察们正在准备防范可能出现的骚乱。The teacher is preparing lessons.老师正在备课。The teacher is preparing for lesson.老师正在为上课作准备。【相关链接】prepare for sth. 为作准备，for 后的宾语一般只是谓语动词要达到的目的prepare sth.准备be in preparation 在准备中make preparations against 为防止作准备be preparing
56、for sth. 正在为某事作准备be /get prepared for sth. 为作好了准备25.1)单项填空It is necessary that everyone here _ for his own experiment.A. got readyB. gets readyC. get preparedD. must get ready提示:Its necessary that 句中应用虚拟语气should +v.且should 可以省略，故选C项。答案:C2) 用prepare的适当形式填空（1）When I entered the office, Mr. Zhang was _
57、 the new lesson with other teachers.答案:preparing（2）They began to make _ for his journey.答案：preparations（3）They are_ for anything that might happen.答案：prepared（4）Her wedding is in _.答案：preparation26. condition n.C条件；社会地位，身份U（人或事物本身的）状况，状态，性格；pl.环境，形势【典型例句】He is in excellent condition for a man of his
58、 age.他就其年龄而言，身体极佳。They have to stay in poor working conditions.他们不得不呆在这种恶劣的工作环境中。【相关链接】in/out of condition 健康状况好/不好under/inconditions 在形势下on condition that 在条件下；倘若on no condition 决不；一点也不in good condition 处于良好的状态；完好无损26.单项填空You may borrow the book, _you do not lend it to anyone else.A. in good condit
59、ionB. on condition thatC. in no condition to D. in condition提示:题意为“你可以借这本书，条件是你不能借给其他任何人。”on condition that “条件是”；in good condition “完好无损”;in no condition to 指的状况不适宜;in condition “指身体很好”。答案:B27. uncover vt.移去（某物的）覆盖物，揭开某物的盖子，揭露或暴露（某事物）；发现【典型例句】Agents have uncovered a plot against the president.特工人员发
60、现了一个反对总统的阴谋。If you go into the field and turn over a few big stones you may uncover a city ant “people”.如果你到田野里去翻开几块大石头，你可能会揭开一个蚁“民”的城市。We should try to uncover the essence of a thing.我们应该尽量揭开事物的本质。27.翻译(1)我们采取突然行动攻击敌人的右翼。_答案：By a sudden movement we uncovered the enemys right flank.（2）揭开锅盖，让汤再慢火煨一下。
61、_答案：Uncover the pan and let the soup simmer.（3）他光着头。_答案：His head was uncovered.28. feed vt.为提供食物，养活；vi.以为食【典型例句】She fed milk to the baby.她给宝宝喂了奶。She fed the baby on /with milk.她喂宝宝牛奶。He fed the fireplace with firewood.他往炉子里加柴火。Tigers feed on meat. 老虎以肉为食。【知识小结】feed sth. to sb.把喂给feed sb. on/with 用来喂
62、feed sb. with 以供给feed on sth.以为食（此用法只限于动物）28.单项填空（1）A sheep _ on this kind of special grass usually grows much faster than _ on ordinary.A. feeding; itB. fed; thatC. feeds; the one D. fed; one答案:D（2）I dont know the girl you _ the sheep.A. had fedB. had her fedC. had feedD. had to feed提示：the girl 后部分
63、为定语从句修饰先行词girl,而且用了have sb. do sth.这种结构，故选C项。答案：C29. concernvt.是（某人的）事，对有重要性，影响；使（某人）担忧，使烦恼 n.U担心，忧虑，焦虑，焦急C对某人来说是重要的或感兴趣的事；企业，公司，商行【典型例句】Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.别管与自己无关的事。Our losses are beginning to concern me.我们的损失使我担心起来。There is no need to concern yourself with this matter; we ar
64、e dealing with it.你不用管这事了，我们正在处理。Her latest documentary is concerned with youth unemployment.她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失业问题的。There is no cause for concern.不必发愁。What are your main concerns as a writer?你身为作家，对什么最感兴趣？【相关链接】concerning prep. 关于某人/某事concerned adj.担心的，烦恼的，忧虑的we are all concerned for her safety.我们都为她的
65、安全担忧。concern oneself with/in /about sth. 忙于某事；关心某事be concerned in sth. 与某事有牵连；对某事负责任be concerned with sth. 与某事有关；涉及某事物be concerned for /about sth. 为担忧29.单项填空（1）_ parents held a meeting to discuss the childrens safety.A. ConcernedB. ConcerningC. Being concernedD. To concerned提示:题意为“担心的父母们开了一个会来讨论孩子们的
66、安全问题。”concerned （adj.），“担心的，忧虑的”；作定语修饰主语parents。答案:A（2）The speech which he made _ the project has bothered me greatly.A. being concernedB. concernedC. be concernedD. concerning提示：题意为“他关于这个项目的讲话给我们带来了很大烦恼。”concerning （prep.）“关于某人/物”符合题意。concerned （adj.）“有关的，涉及的”。答案：D（3）He asked several questions _ th
67、e future of the company.A. concernedB. concerningC. be concernedD. concern提示：句意为“他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。”选项中只有B项concerning为prep.“关于，涉及”；A项concerned adj.“担心的，担忧的”；C项结构不完整,若改为which are concerned with 则可以。D项为动词应作谓语动词，故排除，应选B项。答案：B30. base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地vt.把建立在，以为基础【典型例句】The story is based on facts.这一个故事是有事实根据的
68、。I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。Marx made London the revolutionary base.马克思使伦敦成为革命根据地。The house is built on a stone base.这座房子是建在大石地基上的。【相关链接】（1）basis n.C基础；基本；根据；主要成分（或要素）Whats the basis of your opinion?你观点的依据是什么？The basis of this drink is orange juice.这种饮料的主要成
69、分是橘子汁。（2）basis 与base的辨析base一般指露出地面的，具体有形的事物的底部、基座等。也可比喻理论或讨论的根据等；还可指军事或工业基地。搭配是：be based on 基于；以为基础。basis 指无形的，非物质的基础，如基本原则，思想核心，事实根据；行为动机等，搭配是：on the basis of 根据，以为基础。30.单项填空(1)The film, _ the true story of this Red Army general, attracted peoples interest all over the country.A. is based on B. is
70、on the base of C. which is the base for D. based upon提示：题意为“以这位红军将领为题材（基础）的电影，引起了全国各地人民的兴趣。”“以为基础”应为词组be based on /upon 排除B、C两项，逗号中间部分为定语成分修饰the film, A项缺少非限定性定语从句的主语，故排除。应选D项。答案：D(2)She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the companys client data, which she intended to _ in
71、starting her own business.A. live onB. come uponC. base onD. draw upon提示：题意为“她最近辞职了，并且复制了公司客户的资料，打算以这些资料为基础开始自己的生意。”A项live on 表示“以为生”;B项come upon表示偶然遇见;D项draw upon 表示“利用，凭、靠”。C项base on “以为基础”，故选C项。答案：C31. sink vt./vi.（使）沉下，陷下；（使）落入；降低n.厨房内的水槽【典型例句】Wood floats in water while stone sinks under it.木头在水
72、上漂浮而石头则会沉入水中。The temperature sank at night.气温在夜晚下降。He sank his voice to a whisper when he saw his boss in.看到老板进来，他把声音压低成耳语。The dishes were piled in the sink.盘碟堆放在水槽里。31.完成句子(1)The ship_（沉入海底）.答案：sank to the bottom of the sea(2)The sun_（西坠）.答案：was sinking in the west（3）The pound_（对美元的比价已降到了历史最低水平）.答案
73、：has sunk to its lowest recorded level against the dollar（4）She just sat there, _（陷入沉思）.答案：sunk in thought32. damage n.U损害，伤害，损失 C破损的地方 vt.&vi. 损害；毁坏【典型例句】The storm did a lot of damage.风暴造成很大损失。The workers are repairing the damages.工人们正在维修破损处。The goods got damaged on the way.货物在途中损坏了。The silk damage
74、s easily.这种丝绸容易破损。【相关链接】damage, destroy, ruin的辨析damage 指价值，用途降低或外表损坏等，不一定全部损坏，但是可以修复。destroy 指彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复。ruin 现在多用于借喻中，“成为废墟”。32.单项填空（1）After the collision, he examined the considerable _ to his car.A. ruinB. destructionC. damageD. injury提示：题意为“撞车后，他检查了车子所受的严重损害。”答案：C（2）All his hopes were _.A. da
75、magedB. ruinedC. spoiledD. destroyed提示：题意为“他所有的希望都破灭了。”destroy“打破，破灭”，常用来比喻希望、计划等的破灭，而且常用于被动结构。spoil指“损坏，糟蹋”，而破坏某物的价值或用途。答案：D33. major adj.较大的，主要的n.专业vi.主修，专攻【典型例句】The car needs major repairs.这辆汽车需要大修。His major is biology.他的专业是生物学。I major in chemistry.我主修化学。【相关链接】（1）majority n.大多数；大部分minority n.少数mi
76、nor adj.较小的；次要的major in （美口）攻读；专修；主修a/the majority of 大多数的，大半的be in the /a majority 多数，拥有多数（2）main, major，chief 辨析main adj.主要的；最重要的major adj.较大的；较重要的chief adj.主要的；最重要的；（职位，职称最高的）级别Whats the main purpose of your visit?你访问的主要目的是什么？33.单项填空（1)（经典回放）The new research team was led by the _ engineer.A. main
77、B. majorC. chiefD. primary答案：C（2）He _ mathematics and minors in some other subjects.A. takes in B. majors inC. lies inD. consist in提示：句意为“他主修数学，又辅修了几门别的科目。”答案：B（3）Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a _.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortage提示：s
78、carcity“缺乏，不足，稀少”,minority“少数”,minimum“最小量”,shortage“不足，缺少”。答案：B34. board n.甲板；木板；牌子；董事会；棋盘；膳食费vt.用木板覆盖；给某人提供食宿；上（车、船、飞机等）公共交通工具【典型例句】The board is /are unhappy about the falling sales.董事会对销售下降很不满。He paid 40 a week for board and lodging.他每周支付膳食费和住宿费40英镑。He boarded at my house with me until he found a
79、 flat.他找到住房之前一直在我家住宿。Please board the train immediately.请立刻上火车。There is a notice-board beside the river.在河边有一个广告牌。34.单项填空（1）All the passengers have boarded _ the train.A. onB. toC. ofD. /提示:board 为上（车、船、飞机等）时是及物动词。答案:D（2）Flight BA193 for Pairs is now _ at gate 37.A. boardingB. boardedC. on boardD. b
80、oard答案：A35. declare vt.宣布；宣告；声明；表明；宣称 vi.声明；（公开）表明态度【典型例句】She declared that the whole project was a waste of time and money.她声称整个项目既浪费时间又浪费钱。To our surprise ,he declared himself to be satisfied.使我们诧异的是，他表示很满意。They then declared what had been decided.然后他们宣布了作出的决定。【相关链接】declare for against 公开表示支持/反对de
81、clare war on/against 对宣战declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度declarer n.宣告者declaration n.宣布；宣告；声明；申报declare 与announce的辨析declare表示正式明白的宣告，尤其是会引起反对的事情的宣告；announce 是表示“宣布”的普通用词，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。35.单项选项(1)In 1938, Hitler _ war against Poland, which started the second World War.A. declaredB. announcedC. broadca
82、stedD. advertised提示：句意为“1938年，希特勒对波兰宣战，发起了第二次世界大战。”broadcast 为“广播”，advertise为“广告”，announce指有新闻价值的事情的宣布。答案：A(2)Footsteps _ his return.A. announcedB. declaredC. pronouncedD. proclaimed提示：题意为“听见脚步声，就知道他回来了。”announce 这里表示“预示”；declare 一般指正式场合宣布的官方立场或态度等；pronounce 一般用于宣布某事是真的；proclaim指官方在公共场合宣布一些国家重要事情，也可
83、用于个人或一般场合。答案：A36. memorial n.纪念馆；纪念碑；纪念品adj.纪念的，悼念的【典型例句】The painting will be a lasting memorial to a remarkable woman.这幅油画将成为对一位杰出女性的永久纪念。This is a memorial to victims of the holocaust.这是一座纪念大屠杀遇难者的纪念碑。【相关链接】memory n.记忆力;记性;记忆中的事物;回忆memorize v.记住in memory of 纪念commit to memory把背下来from memory 凭记忆地，用
84、背诵地36.单项填空(1)My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it.A. in favour of B. in memory of C. in honour ofD. in search of 提示：根据逻辑关系，句意应为：“我姐姐反对我的建议，而我的哥哥却支持它。”应选A项。in favour of “支持，赞成”；in honour of 为“向表示敬意，为庆祝为纪念”，in search of “寻找；寻求”。答案：A（2）The monument was built _ the little hero.A
85、. in celebration ofB. in praise ofC. in memory of D. in search of 提示：in celebration of “为庆祝”；in praise of “歌颂”，据题意应选C项。答案：C37. confusion n.混乱；混淆；迷乱；惶惑【典型例句】There has been some confusion of names.有些名字弄混了。Her unexpected arrival threw us into confusion.她来得很突然，使我们完全不知所措。He gazed in confusion at the stra
86、nge sight.他惶惑地凝视着这种奇怪的景象。【相关链接】confused adj.糊涂的；迷乱的confusing adj.莫名其妙的；难以理解的confuse vt.使入歧途；使弄错The old lady easily get confused.这个老太太容易迷糊。The instructions on the box are very confusing.盒子上的说明含糊不清。37.单项填空（1）You must follow the directions exactly, and if you should become _, you must take the time to
87、go back again and read them over.A. confusingB. confusedC. to confuseD. to be confused提示：become此处为联系动词，后接形容词作表语。答案：B（2）I was so _ in todays history lesson. I didnt understand a thing.A. confusedB. neglectedC. amusedD. amazed提示：句意为：“今天的历史课让我感到很困惑，我什么都没听懂。”confused“困惑的，不解的”； neglected “被忽视的”；amused“ 感
88、到有趣的”；amazed“感到惊奇的”。答案：A38. influence vt.影响某人/物，对人/物起作用n.影响力、作用（后加on sb./sth.）【典型例句】Those so called friends of hers are a bad influence on her.她的那些所谓的朋友对她的影响很坏。Religion has been an influence for good in her life.宗教信仰一直影响她向善。Its clear that her painting has been influenced by picasso.她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。38.
89、单项填空None of us can avoid _ by our surroundings.A. influencing B. being influencedC. to be influenced D. having influenced提示:avoid 后加doing作宾语，排除C项，再根据句意“我们中没有一个人能避免环境对他的影响”。句子主语为none of us ，应用被动关系，故排除A、D两项。答案：B39. unite vt.&vi.统一；联合；团结；使合为一体【典型例句】The two parties have united to form a coalition.这两个党已结
90、成联盟。After three years in prison he was again united with his wife and family.他在狱中关了三年后，又与妻子和家人团圆了。We should unite in fighting （unite to fight ）poverty and disease.我们应该团结起来为消除贫困和疾病作斗争。【知识小结】unite sb. /sth. with sb./sth. 使合为一体unite in sth./doing sth. 联合行动，一起工作【相关链接】united adj.（由爱或同情）结合在一起的；和睦的（为共同目标）团
91、结的；联合的；政治上统一的；结盟的 vi.重新统一，再联合39.汉译英(1)就是我们的共同利益，使我们两国联合起来的。_答案:Its the common interests that unite our two countries;（2）国难当头，全国人民都团结在领袖的周围。_答案：The threat of war has united the country behind its leaders.（3）我们应该一致努力成立联合阵线一致对敌。_答案：We should make a united efforts to present a united front to the enemy.
92、（4）他们一致反对这个计划。_答案：They are united in the opposition to the plan.40.carry out履行；实施；落实；完成（任务）；进行（实验等）【典型例句】Extensive tests have been carried out on the patient.对患者进行了多次实验。They had to carry out their promise on time.他们必须按时履行他们的诺言。We re going to carry out the survey next month.我们打算下个月进行调查。【相关链接】carry sb
93、./sth. through 成功完成；顺利完成，帮渡过难关carry on 继续干carry sb. back （to sth.）使回想起，使回忆carry sb. away 使失去自制力或非常兴奋carry it /sth. off 成功地应付困难局面carry sth. over将延后40.单项填空（1）（经典回放）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out提示:在th
94、at引导的定语从句中，that指代the plan,作谓语动词see 的宾语，carry out 作宾补，因宾语与宾补之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词。答案:C（2）Do you mind if I _ with my work while you are getting tea ready?A. get throughB. carry on C. carry out D. come on提示：carry on doing sth.或carry on with sth.“继续干”。答案：B41. in use 正在使用中【典型例句】The television set is still in u
95、se.那台电视机仍能用。The building dating back to the 18th century is in use.建于18世纪的建筑还在使用中。The word is still in use now.人们仍在用这个词。【相关链接】out of use 不使用be of great use很有用处putinto use 投入使用be of no use 没有用make good/full use of 充分利用41.1)单项填空Time is money! we should _ our time.A. be fit forB. make good use ofC. pla
96、y a part of D. take the place of提示：由题意看应是充分利用时间。make good use of “充分利用”，be fit for “适合”，play a part of“充当角色”，take the place of “代替的位置”。答案：B2)汉译英这些地图在旅游中也许有用。_答案：These maps might be of （some） use to you on your trip.42. in return （for sth.）作为回报，作为对的回报【典型例句】He gave me some cookies; in return （for this
97、 ）, I helped him with his homework.他给我一些小甜饼，作为回报我帮他完成家庭作业。I asked her opinion, but she just asked me a question in return.我征求她的意见，但她却只是反问了我一句。He did too much for me ,while I could do nothing in return.他为我做得太多，而我却无以回报。42.单项填空A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which _ will pro
98、mote its economic development.A. in natureB. in returnC. in turnD. in fact提示:in turn“反之，反过来”符合题意。而in nature“实际上，究竟；”in return “作为报答”，in fact“实际上”而本题强调经济与环境之间的相互作用，不强调“回报”，故选C项。答案:C43. no more /notany more 不复存在；不再【典型例句】He doesnt attend school late any more.他不再上学迟到了。【知识小结】no more =notany more 侧重“数量或程度
99、”，既可表示次数、数量概念上的不再发生、动作不再发生，也可表示程度上不再加强。no longer =not any longer 侧重“时间或状态”，多表示动作的不再延续，它必须和表示持续意义的动作一起使用。【相关链接】He doesnt live here any longer.他不再住在这儿了。You are no longer my daughter but a stranger.你不再是我女儿，而是一个陌路人（毫不相干的人）。43.单项填空Will you give this message to Mr. White, Please?Sorry, I cant. He _.A. doesnt any more work hereB. doesnt any longer her workC. doesnt work any more hereD. doesnt work here any longer提示：本句强调“他已经不再此处工作了”，工作这个动作，不再延续排除A、C两项。当notany longer /more 表示“不再”时，不放在句中，应位于句末，故选D项。答案：D