1、涿州市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错系列训练（10）及答案 (第 篇)Three years ago，five parrots were set free in a wild place of Arizona，thousands of miles from the Channel Islands in Jersey where they had been looked after by zookeepers. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous
2、 pine forest unoccupied by their kind for 50 years. To the researchers surprise, they failed to make contact with a group of wild parrots imported from Mexico and set free at the same time. Within 24 hours the reintroducing ended in failure, and the poor birds were back in cages, on their way to the
3、 safety of the Arizona reintroduction programme.Ever since then, the programme has enjoyed great success，mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild, confiscated (没收)on arrival north of the border, and raised by their parents in the safety of the progra
4、mme.The experience shows how little we know about the behaviour and psychology(心理) of parrots, as Peter Bennett, a bird researcher，points out: “Reintroducing species of high intelligence like parrots is a lot more difficult. People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valu
5、able collectables”Now that many species of parrot are in immediate danger of dying out, biologists are working together to study the natural history and the behaviour of this family of birds. Last year was an important turning point：conservationists founded the World Parrot Trust, based at Hayle in
6、Cornwall, to support research into both wild and caged birds.Research on parrots is vital for two reasons. First, as the Arizona programme showed, when reintroducing parrots to the wild, we need to be aware of what the birds must know if they are to survive in their natural home. We also need to lea
7、rn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets, particularly as the Trusts campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice, but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans.语篇解读本文通过在亚利桑那州五只鹦鹉被释放的故事，说明了鹦鹉引入计划的重要性以及对鹦鹉生活习性等各方面进行研究的重要性和对鹦鹉进行研究的重要原因。1What do we know
8、 about the area where the five parrots were reintroduced?A. Its landscape is new to parrots of their kind.B. It used to be home to parrots of their kind.C. It is close to where they had been kept.D. Pine trees were planted to attract birds.解析事实细节题。根据第一段第二句：这五只鹦鹉未被教过如何在这个新地方生活；这片松林山区50年来未被这种鹦鹉占据过(50年
9、前有过)。可知，五只鹦鹉被引入的地方曾经是鹦鹉的家园或繁衍之地。答案B2The reintroducing experience three years ago shows that manraised parrots_.A. can find their way back home in JerseyB. are unable to recognize their parentsC. are unable to adapt to the wildD. can produce a new species解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段，特别是信息句Ever since then，the prog
10、ramme has enjoyed great success，mainly because the birds now being set free are Mexican birds illegally caught in the wild.可以推测出，人工喂养的鹦鹉不能适应野外的生存环境。答案C3Why are researches on parrots important according to the passage?A. The Trust shows great concern for the programme.B. We need to know more about ho
11、w to preserve parrots.C. Many people are interested in collecting parrots.D. Parrots intelligence may some day benefit people.解析推理判断题。最后一段就是信息提示。主要表达了对鹦鹉进行研究的重要性，主要表现在两个方面：我们必须了解鹦鹉在自然条件下如何生存；其次，我们需要更多地了解宠物鹦鹉的需要，督促那些买鹦鹉当宠物的人选择人工培育的鹦鹉。从而判断，本题主要表达我们如何保护鹦鹉的问题。答案B4According to the passage, people are adv
12、ised_.A. to treat wild and caged parrots equallyB. to set up comfortable homes for parrotsC. not to keep wild parrots as petsD. not to let more parrots go to the wild解析推理判断题。由最后一段特别是最后一句We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets，particularly as the Trusts campaign does not at
13、tempt to discourage the practice，but rather urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans.可以推出，作者建议我们不要把野鹦鹉当作宠物。答案C长难句解读We also need to learn more about the needs of parrots kept as pets，particularly as the Trusts campaign does not attempt to discourage the practice，but rathe
14、r urges people who buy parrots as pets to choose birds raised by humans.我们也需要更多了解宠物鹦鹉的需要，尤其因为信托基金运动并不旨在劝阻这一做法，而是督促买鹦鹉作宠物的人选择人工培育的鹦鹉。句中的not.but.表示“不是而是”。连接两个并列的句子attempt to discourage the practice和rather urges people who buy parrots.。其中urge sb.to do sth.表示“督促某人做某事”。*结束 ABelow is a web page from Tonig
15、hts TV Hot List: Sunday January 31, 2010Grammy Awards 8/7c CBSBeyonc and Taylor Swift are ready to take home a lot of hardware tonight as they lead all artists with 10 and eight nominations. The ladies also perform, along with fellow Album of the Year nominees the Black Eyed Peas, Lady Gaga and the
16、Dave Matthews Band. In addition, Bon Jovi, Green Day, Lady Antebellum, Maxwell, Pink and Zac Brown Band will also take the stage. But perhaps the most expected moment is the Michael Jackson tribute（吊唁礼物）, which features the 3-D mini-movie Earth Song and will be highlighted by performers Celine Dion,
17、 Jennifer Hudson, Smokey Robinson, Carrie Underwood and Usher.Maurer9/8c NBCA mysterious company named Sabre, headed by an attractive, stubborn CEO （Kathy Bates）, appears out of nowhere and buys out Dunder Mifflin. As Michael is unwilling to follow Sabres new policies, Andy and Erin write a welcome
18、song to greet the company. Meanwhile, Pam and Jim hope to get accepted into a desired local day-care center.Surviving Survivor 8/7c CBSIts hard to believe its been 10 years since the first season of Survivor. But tonight ten of the games most iconic players, including previous winners Richard Hatch,
19、 Parvati Shallow and Tom Westman, discuss the series in detail and provide insights into how the game is actually played and the impact its had on their lives. In addition, updates on beloved former castaways, like Ethan Zohn, Rupert Boneham and Elisabeth Hasselbeck, are given.Private Practice10:01/
20、9:01c ABCSo Mayas pregnant and wants to have the baby. What to do now? Dink （Stephen Lunsford）, the boy who did his part to get her into this mess, has a solution: He wants to marry her. You can imagine how Sam and Naomi will feel about that. And if that wont raise the histrionic level enough for yo
21、u, how about this: A couple has two dying daughters, and only one can be saved. Their choice. And Brian Benben is back, so expect more Pete-Violet- Sheldon angst.11. Edna is crazy about pop stars, so she will most likely choose _ to enjoy.A. Grammy AwardsB. MaurerC. Surviving SurvivorD. Private Prac
22、tice12. From the passage, we can learn that Dunder Mifflin is _.A. a CEOB. a companyC. an employee in the companyD. a piece of office equipment13. According to the passage, Surviving Survivor is most probably _.A. a musical playB. a game showC. a love storyD. a cultural documentary14.The above progr
23、ams _A. are loved by all viewers B. are on the top list for the weekC. are broadcast on the same channelD. are accessible on the same night参考答案11-14 ABBD*结束短文改错-多余词多词一般为：冠词/连词/介词/系词be 助词等。【1】连词多余：*They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.解析：连词多余，故此去掉 (that)，原
24、句是状语从句。【2】介词多余：*The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised.(for)解析：没有宾语，所以去掉for。【3】冠词多余：*Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.解析：固定短语，catch sight of :偶然看见。【4】系词/助词多余：*My mother was asked : “Have you taken medicine ?”解析：根据句意，是妈妈问：故为主动语态。三：缺词缺词一般为：冠词/连词/介
25、词/系词be 助词/【1】缺介词*He was looking for a glass the cupboard (in)解析：根据句意，in the cupboard 做状语。【2】缺冠词*However, the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with students.(the)解析：形容词same 和the 搭配使用,故给same前加 the。【3】缺连接词*In one class, I learned it rained (why)解析：根据句子意思可知，缺连接词，句意为：“在一节课上，我知
26、道了下雨的原因”。【4】缺系词*What your favorite sport ? (is)解析：句子中缺系词，在What加is.*结束 链接3 （2012四川卷）Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs ( bed & breakfast) across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lo
27、west prices! Dont miss it. Just collect the vouchers(活动券)in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.The offer is of two kinds; 20 per room,
28、 per night, valid(有效期)during stay period of 02/04/2012 31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012 31/10/2012; 35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/2012 31/08/2012.The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.The slay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04
29、/2012.Each voucher can only be used by the bolder to book one room for one nightIf voucher holders book either the 20 or 35 per room per night, any additional services such as lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Ple
30、ase check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.Vouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the B&Bs may reserve (保留) the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.Vouchers may not be used together with any other offer.The vouche
31、r holders must pay for the slay in full at the time of booking. Additional 10 may be paid to confirm(确认)the booking and will be returned on arrival.The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders bookings for people under the age of 18.45.The voucher can be used for a slay al the chosen B&B on.
32、A. 09/01/2012B. 04/02/2012C. 01/03/2012D. 28/04/201246.How much should be paid for a two-night stay in October 2012 at a chosen B&B?A. 70.B. 40.C. 35.D. 30.47.What right do the B&Bs reserve?A.To charge extra 10 for bookings with no vouchers.B.To refuse bookings for guests under the age of 18.C.To ch
33、arge at full price for stays not confirmed.D.To request extra charges as tips.48.By taking up the offer, the voucher holders can choose to.A.book either a basic twin or double room at the chosen B&BsB.have lunch or evening meal without paying extra moneyC.use the B&B offer together with other offers
34、D.book the stays through B&B Daily47.【答案】B【试题解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders bookings for people under the age of 18.可知答案B符合文意。48.【答案】A【试题解析】细节理解题。根据文章所列条款的第三条和第六条可知答案符合文意。【难度】一般【长难句解析】Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are av
35、ailable.请直接在已选择的B&Bs店里进行核对，看有什么额外的服务提供。What引导宾语从句，在从句中做定语，修饰extra services。*结束一短文改错的主要特点1内容大都是学生身边或社会生活中常见的话题。以记叙文为主，有时也有说明文或应用文。2内容相对独立、完整。命题的总原则是整篇理解、分行解题。3语言简单易懂，没有生僻的词汇或繁难的句法结构；短文的词数为120左右。4考查要点覆盖面广, 分布合理。涉及词法、句法、行文逻辑等三个方面。二短文改错的常见类型纵观近几年高考题中的短文改错, 不难看出,其错误形式基本上为：错词占6行左右; 正确占1 行; 多词和缺词一般占3 行左右。错
36、误类型主要涉及动词、名词、形容词、副词、冠词、代词、介词、连词、主谓一致、固定结构等语法知识。其中, 动词时态、语态、非谓语动词等是考查重点。*结束172考点知识精讲一、短文改错的解题基本思路1通读全文，掌握大意首先，要认真阅读短文，把握全篇主旨，弄清上下文的逻辑关系，了解文章所创设的语言环境，为正确判断创造条件。2整句理解，逐行找错。在读懂文章之后，要逐句逐行地找错。分析每个句子中句法、语法、行文逻辑等方面是否有错，要做到逐行分析，不可遗漏，句与句之间要注意连词的用法。3由易到难，各个击破改错要从最简单、最熟悉的项目入手，先从语法的角度入手，再从逻辑方面考虑，最后推敲难题。4检查核对，规范改
37、正最后浏览改后的全文，看全篇是否语义通顺，注意正确行。 要特别注意规范改正错误, 严格按照示范规定符号和要求去改。切忌文字说明或用箭头表示。二短文改错的设题方式一错词：错词的情况归纳起来大致可分为虚词选择错误、实词词形错误、同(近)义词、形似词选择错误等。1虚词错误介词错误。介词错误主要集中在介词的固定搭配、介词多词义的用法以及一些意义相近介词、副词和连词的混用等。1.After five years away in my hometown，I find that the neighborhood which I used to live in has changed a lot.(09全国卷
38、I)析：“从离开，远离”应为短语 away from，不能与in搭配。应将in改为from。 连词错误主要表现: 句与句之间的关系混淆，是并列、转折、承接、还是表原因；连词与介词、副词的混用，一些连词具有多重功能和词性以及意义相近连词的区别等。1.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon，and I was held up on my way back(09全国卷II) 析：分析前后两个句子可知，前面的句子与后面的句子存在转折关系，不是并列关系，应将 and 改为but。冠词错误：冠词的考查集中在：应该使用定冠词的地
39、方使用了不定冠词；应该使用不定冠词的地方却使用了定冠词；不定冠词a与an的误用等。1.Three men were fishing when the angel appeared in the boat with them. （2009.四川卷）析：初次提到的人或物前应该用不定冠词，因此要将第一个the改为an。2实词错误 名词错误主要集中在：名词的单复数形式，特别注意不规则名词的复数形式；可数名词和不可数名词的混用；抽象名词具体化；名词的所有格等。1. I stayed there for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was
40、 all right. （09全国卷II）析：one and a half 后接可数名词的复数形式，不能用单数。要将hour改为hours。 动词错误主要有：不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误；时态的不一致性；语态的错用；非谓语动词用法的选择，特别是非谓语动词作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词还是现在分词；在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词；以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式；谓语动词时态形式的错用；情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的误用等。1.There exist now a park that has a small riv
41、er running through. （09全国卷I）析：句子中的there exist相当于there be形式，exist的形式跟后面的名词a park保持一致，因此exist要用单三形式exists。 形容词与副词错误主要表现在：这两类词的混用；形容词或副词的原级、比较级、最高级的混用等。1.The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school are gone. （09全国卷I）析：分析句子，句子中没有比较对象，不能用比较级，要将older改为原形old。 引导词
42、错误：在复合句中引导从句的连接词的错误运用，特别是在定语从句中关系词的错误运用，宾语从句中连接词的误用等。1.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that was only one hundred yuan. I asked my father for the money. （09辽宁卷）析：非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时只能用which不能用that，应将that改为which。代词错误。代词考查主要集中在句子中代词的一致性、人称代词、反身代词、指示代词的混用等。1.When I was in high school, most of my friend
43、s had bicycles. I hoped I could also have it. （2009.辽宁卷）析：根据句义后面句子中的it与前面句子中的bicycles是一类物，表示泛指。因此要将it改为one。思维定势干扰错误。由于受汉语思维定势影响，造成一些英语词语的搭配错误。1.Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. （09海南、宁夏卷）析： anything意思是“任何事或任何物”，而everything表示“所有的东西或物”，很显然句子强调在宿舍的所有事情，应将anything改为everythin
44、g。行文逻辑错误。高考短文改错中，涉及短文主旨大意及逻辑关系的错误这类试题的隐蔽性较强，单独看并没有错，但若放在整篇中则与全篇的意思不符。I stayed here for one and a half hours and made sure that the girl was all right.析：直接分析该句，没有任何错误，但结合上下文可看出句子是在转述过去发生的事情，不能用here，因此应将here改为there。二、漏词漏词考查主要集中在：名词前漏冠词；不及物动词后漏掉相应的介词。不定式前少了不该省的to；分句与分句之间往往漏掉相应的连词；句子中助动词、情态动词的遗漏。复合句中关系词
45、、连接词的遗漏；以及句子中替代词的遗漏等。1.One day, the school held party, whereI was invited to talk about Tianjin. (08天津卷)析：初次提到的可数名词单数前面要加不定冠词，因此要在party前加不定冠词a。2.It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expecting anything（09浙江卷）析：在it is/was possible to do sth结构中，动词不定式符合不能省略，因此要在give前加to。三、多词多词考查主要集中在介
46、词、副词、连接词、冠词、不定式符号to、代词、助动词等。这些词大都为虚词，在句子中的作用显得不大，但极易引起误用，是学生语言运用中最常犯的错误。1.The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket.(09全国卷I)析：句子的意思为 “市场把位置让给了一个超市”。这里并不表示被动意义，要将been去掉。2. Im sorry that I wasnt able to return to your bike on time yesterday.（09全国卷II）析：return to的意思为返回到某地，而在句子中的意思为归还某物，不能加to，要将to去掉。