1、Periods 56Grammar and usage整体设计教材分析本单元的语法主要涉及三个方面：宾语补足语（object complement）的形式及用法，或者或者（either. . . or. . . ）和两者都不（neither. . . nor. . . ）的句型，以及主谓一致（subject-verb agreement）用法和注意点。要求学生在理解课本内容，处理课本练习的同时积极完成老师课外补充的题目来巩固所学的知识。三维目标1. 知识与技能1）Comprehend the information and usage of object complement.2）Use ei
2、ther. . . or. . . and neither. . . nor. . . to express the idea of alternatives and join two negative ideas together.3）Master the usage of subject-verb agreement, as well as some tips.2. 过程与方法1）Read and draw some key points of these grammars.2）Explain some important and difficult points to the stude
3、nts.3）Finish some important exercises about the grammar.3. 情感与价值The students are asked to master the usage of the grammar and avoid making mistakes on these points.教学重点The usage and tips of the three grammar.教学难点1. The patterns of an object complement and what can be used as an object complement.2.
4、The situation where the two phrases can be used correctly.3. Use the correct singular or plural verbs after the subject.教学过程教学设计（一） Step 1 IntroductionBrowse the contents of this section together with the students to get them to be familiar with the learning tasks of this grammar and usage. Step 2 P
5、resentationObject complementFirst present the students some dialogues of several cases, and ask the students to pay attention to the part underlined.Did you find anything special when you went to the classroom?No, I didnt.You found the door open, didnt you?Oh, yes. But I found nobody in the classroo
6、m.What do you think about her performance?We consider her performance a big success. What do people think about dogs?People believe dogs to be honest. Summarize the similarities of these underlined phrases to introduce object complement.An object complement gives information about the object.Verb +
7、Object + Object complementThen tell the students that the words that can be used as object complements include noun phrases, adjectives, to-infinitives, bare infinitives or prepositional phrases. And ask the students to read Parts 1-5 on page 48, making brief explanations if necessary.1. A noun used
8、 as an object complementThey called him Professor Wang.We all made Li Hua our monitor.2. An adjective used as an object complementWe find this advertisement very interesting.3. A to-infinitive can be used as an object complementWe consider him to be an honest boy.Teachers must forbid middle school s
9、tudents to smoke.4. A bare infinitive can be used as an object complement.The maths teacher had him do the exercises again.Why did you make him stay in the classroom?5. An object complement can also be a prepositional phrase.We found ourselves in the middle of a desert.6. Sometimes p. p and v-ing fo
10、rms can be used as an object complement.With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding his house.More practice with an object compliment:1)What do you think about Harry Potter?I find it very interesting/ an interesting book.2)What happened to the man?The man was kept in prison. 主语
11、补足语Next, ask the students to go through “Lost Civilizations” again and find as many sentences with an object complement as they can.For example:1. Steven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins, painted pots, silk materials, documents and
12、 wall paintings.(Remains of buildings is the object, and buried under the sandis the object complement, which gives information about the situation of the object. )2. We found the ruins most interesting.(The ruins is the object, and interesting is the object complement, which gives information about
13、 the object. )And then, ask the students to read the next excerpt from Anns diary entry on page 48 and use proper object complements to complete it.Suggested answers:(1)a huge success(2) to be very hard-working(3) kind and clever(4)very helpful(5)really hot(6) crazy(7) cool(8) at homePratice on the
14、object complementComplete the following sentences with an object complement.1. His parents expect him_ （当医生）.2. On his arrival, he found a group of pioneers_ (手拿鲜花欢迎他们).3. Youd better leave the window_ during the day. (开着)4. We consider him_ (是位诚实的孩子).5. They all call the machine_ (机器人).6. Why did y
15、ou have lights_ all night(亮着)?Suggested answers:1. to be a doctor2. welcoming them with flowers in their hands3. open4. to be an honest boy5. a robot6. on/burningEither. . . or. . . and neither. . . nor. . .1. Present the following sentences to the students, and introduce the two phrases to the stud
16、ents.We have one ticket for the concert on Sunday; both of my friends, David and Helen, want to go. So, either David or Helen can have the ticket. They quarreled with each other over the ticket. Finally, I decided that neither David nor Helen should have the ticket. We will all stay at home on Sunda
17、y and watch the concert on TV instead.Tell the students that either. . . or. . . is used to express the idea of alternative; neither. . . nor. . . can be used to join two negative ideas together, the opposite of which isboth. . . and. . . .2. Go over Part 1 and Part 2 on page 49 with students, and t
18、ry to make the students follow the explanation.1) Either. . . or. . . can be used to express the idea of alternatives.You can choose either A or B, which means you have two choices, i. e, you can choose any one of the two.2) Neither. . . nor. . . can be used to join two negative ideas together.Neith
19、er A nor B is proper in question sentences, which means A is not proper, and B is not proper either.Examples:(1)Which language can I use to write the speech? ( in English/in Chinese )You can write the speech either in English or in Chinese.（2）Whose fault is it? ( not yours/not mine )It is neither yo
20、ur fault nor mine. Its your friend Jacks fault.（3）Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.（4）Do you like reading books or watching TV? Either will do. （5）Neither John nor Tom knows how to go skiing.（6）I tried two dresses, but neither fit me.3. Ask the students to read the example an
21、d the exercises on page 49 carefully to find out how to rewrite the highlighted sentences, and finish the rest of the exercises.Suggested answers:(2)One complained that the room was neither clean nor very comfortable.(3)Did you notice that neither Marco nor Peter came to the talk?(4)We can either go
22、 to the Dragon Restaurant or the Phoenix Restaurant.Subject-verb agreementLook through the six points with the students with proper explanations.1. The verb should be singular if the subject is a singular noun or an uncountable noun.1)The Peoples Republic of China_ (be) founded in 1949. 2)The food t
23、hey offered on the plane_ (be) delicious.2. The verb should be singular if the subject is a phrase of measurement, money , price or distance, name of a book or a country.3)Two hours_ (be) not enough for so much homework.4)Twenty thousand dollars_ (be) a large amount of money to me.3. When the subjec
24、t is all of/ some of /half of/the rest of. . . +noun/pronoun, the verb agrees with the noun and pronoun.5)All of us_ ( attend) the lecture about Pompeii.6)Most of the lecture_ (be) about how the ancient city was discovered.7)I spent only 30 yuan buying books and the rest of money_ (be) spent on my f
25、ood.4. When the subject is followed by with/ together with/as well as/besides/except/rather than, the verb agrees with the subject. 8)An expert with some assistants_ (be) sent to work in Gansu Province.9)No one except two teachers_ ( know) the secret.10)Xiao Ming as well as his parents_ (be) interes
26、ted in music.5. When neither. . . nor/ either. . . or/ not only. . . but also. . . /not. . . but. . . are used to join the subjects of a sentence, the verb agrees with the subject closest to it.11)Either the team leader or the guides_ (be) looking after the students.12)Neither noodles nor rice_ (be)
27、 delicious today.13)Either you or the headmaster_ (be) to hand out prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.14)Not only you but also I_ (be) puzzled at her worried look.6. When the subject is a group noun like: class/family/ government/ team/public/ population. . . , we use a singular verb if
28、the noun identifies a singular or unit, or a plural verb if it refers to a number of individuals.15)His family_ (be ) to move to the countryside next month.16)His family_ all (be) fond of popular music.17)Our school_ (be) a key school in Jiangsu Province.18)Our school_ doing (do) morning exercises n
29、ow on the playground.7. When the subject is a noun like news, physics, mathematics. . . we use a singular verb. When the subject is a noun like goods, clothes, scissors, trousers, glasses, earnings, remains, belongings, the verb should be a plural form.19)My trousers_ being washed.20)Physics_ a diff
30、icult subject, I think.Suggested answers:1)was2)was3) is4) is5) have attended6) was7) was8) was9) knows10)is11) are 12) is13) was14) am15) is16) are17) is18) are19) are20) is8. Finish Part A and Part B on page 51.Suggested answers:A(1) was(2) was(3) were(4) is(5) are(6) were(7) was(8) was(9) was(10)
31、 were(11) was(12) wasnt(13) isB(1) is(2) is(3) have(4) have(5) are(6) have(7) uncover(8) matters(9) have(10) are Step 3 Language study1. The heat almost drove me crazy even though I was wearing very thin cotton trousers to keep me cool.这热气几乎让我发疯, 尽管我穿着很薄的棉制裤子来让自己凉快些。1) drive在本句中用作动词, 意为“使某人处于某种状态”。d
32、rive someone to work hard强迫某人拼命干活drive someone into a corner逼得某人走投无路(1)Her constant complaints drove him crazy/ out of mind.她不断的抱怨使他发疯。(2)Hunger drove her to steal.饥饿逼得她行窃。drive用作动词, 还可以意为“驾驶, 驱赶, 用来载送”等含义。(3)Can you drive?你会开车吗? (4)He was driven out of the club.他被驱逐出俱乐部。(5)He drove me to the statio
33、n.他开车送我去车站。2) even though是连词词组, 作“即使” “尽管”解, 引出让步状语从句，even though也可以替换为 even if, 意思和用法相同。(1)We like English even though it is rather difficult for us.我们喜欢英语即使对我们来说相当难。(2)We have decided to go out even if/though it rains tomorrow.我们已决定出去即使明天下雨。She is worth listening to,_ you dont believe her.A. as th
34、ough B. as if C. even though D. however2. It seems that I shouldnt have brought all those thick clothes with me。似乎我根本不应该带所有的这些厚衣服。1）seem似乎; 好像; 仿佛该词是连系动词, 后接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。其常见用法有:seem + (to be) +adj. /n.(1)What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.对某些人好像是容易的事情, 可能对其他人是困难的。(2)His fathe
35、r seems (to be) a kind man.他父亲好像是个热心人。2)seem to do sth.(3)Mother seemed to know that.母亲似乎知道那事。(4)I seem to have seen her before.我以前似乎遇见过她。3)seem + like(5)It seemed like a disaster at that time.在当时那就像一场灾难。4)It seems (to sb. ) + that从句(6)It seems that he is lying.他好像在说谎。(7)It seems (to me) that shes r
36、ight.(我看)她做得对。5)It seems + as if/though. . . “看样子, 似乎是”(8)It seems as if he were in a dream.他似乎在做梦。【辨析】 seemlookappear这三个词一般用作系动词, 都可以表示“似乎”或“看上去”。1)seem所表示“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据的, 表示有一定根据的判断, 这种判断往往接近事实。(1)A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一位飞行员看到
37、一个气球, 好像要飞向附近的英国空军基地。(2)The problem seems very complicated.问题仿佛很复杂。2)look所表示的“看来”是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。(3)He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.他看上去脸色苍白, 一身衣服弄得一塌糊涂。(4)My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.我的妻子戴着一顶看起来好像一座灯塔的帽子。3)appear与上面两个词的含义似乎没有多大差异, 但是如果要表示某种判断是由被歪曲
38、了的印象而得出的, 最好用appear, 因为它强调外表上给人某种印象, 有时含有实质上并非如此的意思。(5)He appeared to know more than he really does.他看起来好像懂得很多。(6)The actress is thirty-five years old, but she appears a lot younger.那个女演员三十五岁了, 但是她看上去年轻得多。3. One complained that the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.一个（学生
39、）抱怨说房间不干净，而且也很不舒服。complain v. 抱怨，申诉complaint n. 抱怨，牢骚complainer n. 发牢骚的人She complained to me about his laziness.她向我抱怨他的懒惰。The inhabitants complained to the department about pollution from the factory.居民向主管部门投诉那家工厂的污染行为。4. I suppose they were tired, but thats not a very good excuse.我认为他们累了, 但这不是一个好的借
40、口。1)suppose是一个较活跃的动词, 甚至还可以作为从属连词使用. 在不同的语境和结构中, 它往往具有不同的意思。I dont suppose he will agree, will he?我想他不会同意, 是不是?2)be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”“被认为做某事”或“按计划将做某事”。The train is supposed to arrive. 火车应该在9点40到达。You are supposed to be with good manners at table.就餐时你应该举止得体。5. We went through a 10-meter-
41、long passage and we found ourselves in a large burial chamber.我们穿过一个10米长的走廊, 发现我们身处一个大的墓室。go through通过; 经历; 遭受(1)The new plan must go through several stages.这项新计划必须经过几个阶段。(2)The country has gone/ been through too many wars.这个国家遭受了太多的战争。相关短语go over检查; 复习go after追求; 设法得到go ahead前进; 走吧go by走过; 经过go dow
42、n下去; 下跌go in for参加; 爱好; 衷于go off离开; 被发射; 痛苦减弱go on继续下去; 发生; 进行go out出去; 消失; 熄灭go up上涨; 攀登go with伴随; 与相匹配go wrong步入歧途; 出毛病(1)His brother doesnt go in for sports.他弟弟没有参加运动的习惯。(2)The pain went off.疼痛消失了。(3)Short skirts went out some time ago.短裙不久前就不流行了。He was disappointed that his plan did not_ .A. go
43、onB. go offC. go throughD. go out6. Most of them were in good condition. 他们中的大多数都状况良好。in . . . condition在情况下; 在状态下on condition that条件是on no condition绝不in poor condition健康状况不好She is in a poor_ of health, which worries her mother much.A. positionB. situationC. stateD. condition7. We got out our torche
44、s and prepared ourselves to go into the tomb.我们拿出我们的火把，准备进入墓穴。prepare1) prepare sth准备（宾语是这一动作的直接承受者）The teacher is preparing his lesson.这位老师正在备课。Mother was preparing supper when someone knocked at the door.妈妈正在准备做饭的时候有人敲门。2) prepare for“为作准备”， for的宾语不是这一动作的直接承受者，而且表示准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。Hope for the best
45、and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。Will you please help me prepare for (get everything ready for) the party?你能不能帮我为聚会作准备？3) prepare to do sth. 准备做They are busy preparing to go on vacation.他们正忙着准备去休假。4) be prepared to do sth. ( for sth. )已作了充分的准备做The students are well prepared for the sports mee
46、ting.学生们为运动会作好了充分的准备。We are prepared to supply you with all that you want.我们作好了充分的准备提供你所需要的一切。5) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为作准备The teacher prepared the students for the coming exams.老师使学生为即将到来的考试作好准备。8. What about all the people living in the world who have no food to eat and no place to live?地球上那些没有食
47、物吃，没有地方住的人们会怎样呢？1) How/What about. . . ? 怎么样？（征求对方意见时的用语）Id like to go there. How about you?我想去那儿，你想不想去？How about a cup of tea?来杯茶怎么样？2) to eat和 to live都是不定式用作定语，用来修饰其前的名词food和place。动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰名词的后面，与被修饰的名词是主谓关系、动宾关系或同位关系。She had a meeting to attend.她有个会议要参加。He was the last boy to leave the class
48、room.他是最后一个离开教室的。注意：1）如果不定式与名词构成动宾关系，且为不及物动词，后面要跟相应的介词。He is looking for a room to live in. 她正在找一间住房。2）不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：（1）I am free now. Do you have anything_ (type)? （to be typed）我现在有空，你有什么东西要打吗？（不定式to be typed的执行者是I）（2）I am busy now. I have a lot of articles_
49、(type)? （to type）我现在很忙，我有很多文章要打。（不定式to type的执行者是I）（3）How about the two of us_ a walk down the garden?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking Step 4 HomeworkFinish the exercises on page 108 of workbook.板书设计Grammar and usageObject complementEither. . . or. . . and neither. . . nor. . .Subject-verb a
50、greement教学设计（二） Step 1 Greeting and Revision1. Greet the whole class as usual.2. Check their homework. Step 2 Lead-inTell the students that they will learn the object complement in this part. Though we have known a lot about it, to master it completely we need a systematic study. Before we learn obj
51、ect complement, we should first understand what an object is.The teacher shows the following sentences to the students.1. We should read English aloud in the morning.2. Would you please lend me your dictionary?3. Young people today are living a happy life.Ask the students to read the three sentences
52、 and pay attention to the words underlined. What is the sentence element of these underlined words?Object(noun, noun phrase or noun clause which refers to a person, thing, etc affected by the action of a verb, or which depends on a preposition)Next ask the student to read the following sentences and
53、 pay attention to the words underlined. 1. They called him Professor Wang.2. We all made Li Hua our monitor.3. The teacher asked us to leave the door open.4. We find this advertisement very interesting.The underlined words are used to describe or indicate the quality of the objects in front of them.
54、 So we call these underlined words object complements.It is used to give more information about the object, and occurs in this pattern: verb + object + object complement. Step 3 PresentationShow some sentences to the students and ask them to summarize the similarities of these sentences. Then the te
55、acher gives proper remarks. In this way, the students can learn the ability of inference and can master the grammar more easily and keep a long-lasting memory.1. He believed the girl to be honest.Teachers must forbid middle school students to smoke.Mother asks me to be careful on the way home from s
56、chool.The girl is not allowed to stay out late at night.The presidents attending the meeting encouraged us to work hard.ask/tell/want/would like/advise/wish/persuade/force/encourage/expect/allow/permit/forbid/beg/require/warn/order/get, etc. + sb. to do sth.S. + vt. + O. + to do/do (The to-infinitiv
57、e is the object complement. )2. Professor Zhaos lecture made everyone laugh.The math teacher had him do the exercises again.Why did you make him stay in the classroom a bit late?We will have the serviceman install some fans in our office tomorrow.Let us go fishing this weekend, shall we?make/hear/li
58、sten to/see/watch/look at/observe/notice/feel/let/have/+ sb. do sth.S. + vt. + O. + do (The bare infinitive is the object complement. )3. I feel my heart beating.The boss fired the cook who was found smoking in the kitchen.When passing his room, I heard him singing inside.The boy was last seen playi
59、ng by the river.The explosion sent us running in all directions.He was late yesterday, leaving me waiting in the rain for about an hour.watch/leave/find/catch/send/smell/have /keep/suggest/see/hear/feel/ect. + sb. /sth. + doingS. + vt. + O. + doing (V-ing is the object complement. )4. She could make
60、 herself understood.I came to see all my kids taken good care of in the nursery.Sven found the remains of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures.We should have this task finished on time, or we will be fined.They have gone to Beijing for days, keeping the door locked.have/
61、keep/find/leave/get/make/see/watch + sth. /sb. + done.S. + vt. + O. + done (The past Participle is the object complement. )5. They made him monitor.We consider her performance a big success. They called him Professor Wang.This book proved him a good writer.We all consider him the best one in our cla
62、ss.Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city!We found the ruins most interesting.I find the novel interesting and amusing.We paint our door red.believe/consider/call/make/have/think/find/prove/wish/paint/etc. + sb. /sth. + n. /pron. /adj.S. + vt. + O. + n. /pron. /adj. (Th
63、e noun, pronoun or adjective are the object complement. )6. I found myself at the entrance to a valley.Please keep the cat out.I am often kept at home all day long on Sunday.The man was kept in prison/jail.find/leave/keep etc. + sth. /sb. + adv. /prepositional phraseS. + vt. + O. + adv. /preposition
64、al phrase (The adverb or prepositional phrase is the object complement. ) Step 4 PracticeNext, ask the students to go through Lost Civilizations again and find as many sentences with an object complement as they can.And then, ask the students to read the next excerpt from Anns diary entry on page 48
65、 and use proper object complements to complete it. Step 5 Introduction and explanation of “Either . . . or. . . and neither. . . nor. . . ”1. Present the follow sentences to the students, and introduce the two phrases to the students.Tell the students that either. . . or. . . is used to express the
66、idea of alternative; neither. . . nor. . . can be used to join two negative ideas together, the opposite of which is both. . . and . . .2. Go over Part 1 and Part 2 on page 49 with the students, and try to make the students follow the explanation.3. Ask the students to read the example and the exerc
67、ises on page 49 carefully to find out how to rewrite the highlighted sentences, and finish the rest of the exercises. Step 6 Homework1. Ask the students to finish the Activities C1, C2, D1, D2 on Pages 108 and 109.2. Ask the students to preview the task.活动与探究1. Read through the introduction and lear
68、n the grammar.2. Exercises to consolidate what they have learned about the grammar.Multiple choices1. As you can see, the number of cars on roads_ rising these days. A. are keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping2.The father as well as his three children_ skating on the frozen river every Sunday af
69、ternoon in the winter. A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going3.A poet and artist_ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. is B. are C. was D. were4.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day l
70、ong. A. is B. are C. was D. were5. Most of what has been said about the Smiths_ also true of the Johnsons.A. are B. is C. being D. to be6. Many a man_ made the same mistake.A. have B. had C. has D. have been7. The whole class_ jumping for joy.A. is B. are C. were D. has been8. All possible means_ tr
71、ied to save the boy.A. has been B. have C. was D. have been9. I have read a large part of the book, and the rest_ more difficult.A. was B. were C. is D. are10. Not only the earth but also the planets_ round the sun.A. move B. moves C. is moving D. were moving11. Early to bed and early to rise_ a man
72、 healthy, wealthy and wise.A. have B. lets C. make D. makes12. Each pen and each paper_ in its place.A. is found B. are found C. is founded D. are looked for13. Either you or I_ able to attend the lecture.A. is B. am C. has been D. are to be14. The population of the earth_ increasing very fast.A. ar
73、e B. have been C. had been D. is15. The young_ usually very active.A. is B. was C. were D. are16. “The Arabian Nights”_ a very interesting storybook.A. is B. are C. has been D. had been17. The boys and girls each_ their own books. They are reading attentively.A. have B. buys C. has D. buy18. He, lik
74、e you and Xiao Li,_ to the concert.A. was invited B. were invited to goC. are inviting D. is to invite19. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons,_ to arrive on the evening flight.A. are B. are going C. is D. will be20. The singer and dancer_ our party this evening.A. is to attendB. are going to attendC. is about to attendD. were to attendSuggested answers:15 CCADB610 CBDCA1115 DABDD1620 AAACA