1、Section_Warming_Up_&_Reading_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇 1.alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的2.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的3.regardless adv. 不管；不顾4.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的5.ripen vt.& vi. 使成熟；成熟6.category n. 种类；类别；范畴.拓展词汇1.botany n植物学botanical adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的2.accuracy n精确；准确accurate adj.精确的；
2、准确的accurately adv.精确地；准确地3.interrupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n打扰；中断(时间)4.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利； 尖锐；清晰sharpener n磨具；削具sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的；清晰的5.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的mess n杂乱；混乱6.analysis n分析analyses(复数)analyze vt.分析7. assume vt.假定；设想assuming prep.假设assumption n设想；假定；担任8. starvation n挨饿；饿死starve v
3、i.挨饿；饿死1.alternative n可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的同义choice, option, possibility, selection, substitute, replacement词块alternative energy替代性能源face with two alternatives 面临两种选择2.分词用作介词或连词小结assuming 假设；假定considering 鉴于；考虑到including 包含；包括supposing 假设；假如provided/providing 假设；如果concerning 关于given 鉴于；考虑到3.形容词(e)n变动词集锦
4、sharpsharpen (使)锋利；尖锐；清晰riperipen 变成熟shortshorten 变短；缩短widewiden (使)变宽deepdeepen 使变深frightfrighten (使)惊吓darkdarken 使变暗looseloosen (使)变松；松开二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.suffer_from遭受；患病2.regardless_of 不理会；不顾3.at_most 至多；最多4.cut_up 切碎5.keep_out 关在门外；不准入内e_to_a_conclusion 得出结论1.make a tentative guess about试探猜测2
5、.for a visit 参观3.find evidence of 找到了的证据4.in the center of 以为中心5.the sharpened stone tools 磨尖的石器6.fill in the chart 填写表格三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用 1.It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。It is a great pleasure to do sth.“很高兴去做某事”；
6、it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语。It_is_a_great_pleasure_to_give you some suggestions of choosing your major. 很高兴能就专业选择方面给你一些建议。2.Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. 我们有证据表明，他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。suggest在本句中表示“暗示，表明”，从句用陈述语气；助动词did用来加强从句谓语动词的语气。His pale face suggested that_he_did_be
7、_ill.他的苍白的脸表明他确实生病了。3.as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。句中as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。As_is_known_to_all,_the US is made up of 50 states.众所周知，美国是由50个州组成的。1(教材P37)Can you think of the al
8、ternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗？alternative n可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事have the alternative of doing sth. 有做某事的选择theres no alternative . 别无选择an alternative to . 的替代品(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily cause
9、d by astronomical incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.(2017江苏高考)恐龙的消失不一定是由天文学事件导致的。但是其他的解释也很难找到。There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to_wait (wait)路上被大雨堵的车太多了，我们别无选择只好等待。If you dont like the school lunch, you have the altern
10、ative of bringing your own.要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。名师点津(1)alternative通常指两者之间的选择，而choice则指一般意义上的选择。(2)“别无选择只好做”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.; cant do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.等。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。2(教材P37)Did they suffer from cold, star
11、vation or disease?他们遭受过寒冷、饥饿或疾病的痛苦吗？suffer from 忍受；遭受(疾病、痛苦、困难等)Many people in this area are suffering from hunger and cold.该地区有很多人正挨饿受冻。辨析比较suffer from, suffersuffer(vi.)from通常表示“遭受战争、自然灾害所带来的苦难”及“患病”之意。suffer from a war/the flood/a headache“遭受战争/洪水/头疼”suffer(vt.)意为“遭受痛苦、损失；忍受侮辱”等，其宾语通常是pain, loss,
12、 punishment, disappointment等选用上述词语填空Hes been suffering_from cancer for two years.他得癌症已经两年了。Shes suffering a lot of pain.她遭受着巨大的痛苦。名师点津(1)suffer的现在分词、过去式、过去分词不双写r。(2)suffering意为“疼痛；苦难”时为不可数名词；意为“痛苦；苦恼”时常用复数形式。3(教材P38)Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?对不起，打断了你的讲话，但他们怎么能住在这个地方呢？int
13、errupt vt.& vi.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止 (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)(用某事)打断某人/某事be interrupted by 被打断(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物without interruption 连续地；不断地The noise interrupted us in our conversation.噪音打断了我们的谈话。It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.通过不断提问来打断演讲者是不礼貌的。Lets go
14、 somewhere where we can talk without interruption (interrupt)我们去找个可以持续交谈而不受打扰的地方吧。4(教材P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。assume vt.假定；设想(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某物为It is assumed that . 一般认为(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
15、make an assumption 认为；假定on the assumption that 假定(3)assume/assuming (that) . 假设/假定We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。It is_assumed (assume) that this is the best possible translation.据认为这可能是最佳译文。Assuming/Assume (assume) that you are right, well make a great deal of mo
16、ney from the project.假定你是正确的，我们将会从这项工程中赚许多钱。regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)Our goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable regardless of his financial situation.我们的目标是为每一个愿意和有能力接受高等教育的人提供可能的机会，而不管其经济状况如何。They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was
17、raining.尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。名师点津regardless of强调“不认为重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that .；其同义词despite/in spite of还有“尽管但是”之意，其后一般不接从句。5(教材P38)It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.看样子他们是用磨尖的石器切割野兽并剥皮。cut up 切碎；使伤心；使难受cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过cut down 砍
18、倒；杀死；削减；缩短cut in 插嘴；突然插入；打断(谈话)cut off 切断；使隔绝；剪下cut out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)I cut up the meat for cooking meat ball.我把肉剁碎后做肉丸子。Our water supply has been cut off.我们的供水被切断了。We might cut the book down to a little over a hundred pages.我们可以把这本书缩短到一百多页。1Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from
19、animal skins.我们有证据表明他们的确穿的是用兽皮制作的衣服。(1)suggest在本句中表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。The expression on his face suggested that he was very angry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。名师点津suggest表示“建议”时从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。I suggested that a meeting (should)_be_held (hold) tonight.我建议我们今晚开个会。(2)从句中的“did”强调谓语动词wear。T
20、he fact suggested that we did_need to change this set of furniture for that made of wood.事实表明我们确实需要把这套家具换成一套木制的。2.as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样，这四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。(1)句中“as the botanical analyses have shown
21、 us”是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，表示“正如”，位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末。As he often puts it, university education determines ones future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定着一个人的未来。As_you_know,_besides tasty dumplings, what elderly people in the nursing home also need is warmth and care.(2015全国卷满分作文)你知道，除了美味的饺子，敬老院里的老年人同样需要温暖和关心。(2)as作为连词
22、的其他用法：除引导定语从句外，as还可以引导时间状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。As_I_had_a_fever,_I was absent from school.由于我发烧了，我就没去上学。He sang songs as_he_was_doing his homework.他一边唱歌一边做家庭作业。Child_as_he_is,_he knows a lot.虽然他只是个孩子，但他懂得很多。名师点津as引导让步状语从句时，要部分倒装；当作表语的名词提到as之前时，名词前不能加冠词。.单句语法填空1There is an alternative to this sick
23、 system but we are choosing to ignore it.2(2017全国卷)Interruptions (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.3A lot of people make the assumption (assume) that poverty only exists in the third world.4He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the
24、 matter.5We may as well cut across the playground.6I strongly suggested that measures (should)_be_taken(take) to stop pollution.7As you can see in the picture, many students are riding bikes to school.8The story of their sufferings (suffering) moved us deeply.补全句子1In order to succeed, we have_no_alt
25、ernative_but_to_face failure bravely and learn from it.为了成功，我们别无选择只有勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。2He has kept on learning English by radio for three years without_interruption.他坚持通过广播学习英语，三年来从未间断。3Our club is open to everyone regardless_of age, sex or educational background.我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。4Cut_up_the_c
26、arrots before put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。5Her words suggested that she does_own_several_novels written by Mo Yan.她的话表明她确实拥有几本莫言写的小说。6(2015江苏高考满分作文) As_we_can_see_from_the_materials_above,_the traffic issue is still a big problem.正像我们在上面的材料中所看到的那样，交通问题仍然是一个大问题。7Our earth is_suffering_severe_d
27、amage.我们的地球正在遭受着严重的破坏。8As far as I know, a great many people assume him to be right.As far as I know, a great many people assume_that_he_is_right.As far as I know, a great many people make_the_assumption_that_he_is_right.据我所知，许多人认为他是正确的。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1He has no alternative (可能的选择) but to try ha
28、rd to finish it on time.2To our sadness, the homeless died of starvation (饥饿)3In this accident, there were five deaths with accuracy (精确性)4Weve drawn up a tentative (试探性的) program for the next two weeks.5I dont like being interrupted (打断；打扰) while working.6(2017江苏高考)A quick review of successes and f
29、ailures at the end of year will help sharpen (使锋利) your year ahead.7(2016江苏高考)In art criticism, you must assume (假定) the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.8He has given a serious analysis (分析) of the situation.9We are waiting for the first crops to ripen (成熟)10He is too busy to clea
30、n his room, so it is very messy (凌乱的).单句改错1You have no alternative but go on. go前加to2Will you stop interrupt me when Im talking? interruptinterrupting3It is assumed mental health is related to physical health.assumed后加that4Everyone has the right to good medical care regardless their ability to pay.r
31、egardless后加of5He starved ways that help him solve the problem.starved后加for6Tentative they tried to put the new plan into practice.TentativeTentatively7She doesnt know how to tidy up the mess room.messmessy8He suffered from the loss of his pupils respect.去掉from.选词填空care about， suffer from， look like，
32、 show around， compare .with .， keep out， at most， cut up， regardless of， on the assumption that .1Studies have shown that vegetarians seldom suffer_from heart disease.2From your appearance, you look more like your mother.3I will continue to pursue my dream regardless_of a lot of failures.4She is cut
33、ting_up an apple with a knife.5We are working on_the_assumption_that the conference will take place as planned.6The night was too cold outside, and the poor man tried to keep the cold out by closing the door hard.7The dog owners usually care much about their pets.8There are ten guests at_most who wi
34、ll attend this party.9Having compared the program with that one, he decided to have the former one carried out.10Those tourists were being shown_around the Revolutionary Resort.课文语法填空A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archaeologist is showing them aroun
35、d.The archaeologists 1.have_been_excavating (excavate) here for many years.After 2.finding (find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think it is reasonable 3.to_assume (assume) some of the earliest people 4.lived (live) in these caves, r
36、egardless 5.of the cold.They also discovered fireplaces in the center of the caves 6.where they made fires.Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes 7.made (make) from animal skins.The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace 8.preserved (preserve) quite well.Indee
37、d, as the botanical analysis has been 9.specially (special) showing us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples 10.or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys.串点成篇微表达一件重要的事情突然发生了，尽管我不是一个敏锐的(acute)人，但我意识(aware)到它对于我们公司来说十分
38、重要。由于经理已经睡着，我认为最好不要打扰(interrupt)他。但是不管(regardless of)发生什么都要让他及时知道(keep宾语宾补)是十分重要的。作为秘书，我别无选择(alternative)只好叫醒他。An_important_thing_suddenly_happened_and_although_Im_not_an_acute_person,_I_was_aware_that_it_would_be_vital_to_our_company.Since_the_manager_was_asleep,_I_thought_I_had_better_not_interrup
39、t_him,_but_it_is_important_to_keep_him_informed_regardless_of_what_has_happened.As_a_secretary,_I_had_no_alternative_but_to_wake_him_up.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空I was driving my car the other day.The radio was playing, and I was _1_ along.The song was a _2_ one and even my weak voice sounded good.Then so
40、mething bad _3_， however.The sweet sound of the music ended and was _4_ with the alarming news break.I drove on while the _5_ said prices were going higher again because of the _6_ speculation (投机) on Wall Street.The race for the Presidency was getting worse.Violence _7_ when fans of a sports team w
41、ent wild, _8_ their favorite teams championship.Finally, I could _9_ no more and turned off the radio.Silence seemed _10_ to listening to anything else about the crazy, competitive society we live in.I slowed down as I entered a local town and _11_ the people._12_ a smiling woman was throwing birdse
42、ed into her backyard, a dozen birds flew down to enjoy the _13_ being laid out before them.A young man was _14_ his little daughter safely in his arms.He tickled (胳肢) her _15_ when she pulled the hat off his head and they both laughed.I laughed too as I looked at all of this _16_.Although in my car
43、the radio was _17_， in my heart I was still singing._18_， this world could use a little more kindness and a lot less competition.Kindness makes us all _19_ in this life.Your only competition is with _20_： to be the best possible you that you can be.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的一次见闻受到这样的启发：我们应该多一些友善，少一些竞争，应该
44、以超越自己为目标，成为更好的自己。1A.singingBdancing Clistening Drunning解析：选A根据上文中的“The radio was playing”和下文中的“even my weak voice sounded good”可知，作者跟着音乐唱(singing)了起来。2A.serious Bjoyful Csorrowful Dpopular解析：选B根据下文中的“even my weak voice sounded good”和“The sweet sound of the music”可知，歌曲是令人愉悦的(joyful)。3A.disappeared Bs
45、truck Coccurred Dcontinued解析：选C根据“The sweet sound of the music .the alarming news break”可知，不好的事情发生(occurred)了。4A.disturbed Bcombined Ccompared Dreplaced解析：选D根据空前的“The sweet sound of the music ended”和空后的“alarming news break”可知，令作者感到愉快的歌曲被替换成了令人惊恐的新闻，故此处应用replaced。be replaced with .“被替换/更换”。5A.speaker
46、 Bannouncer Csinger Dprogrammer解析：选B作者在听收音机，故此处应用announcer“(广播、电视的)广播员，播音员，节目主持人”。6A.creative Brepresentative Ccompetitive Dpositive解析：选C根据上文中的“alarming news break.”以及空后一句“The race for the Presidency was getting worse.”可判断，competitive“竞争的”符合语境。最后一段作者感悟时提及的“competition”也是提示。7A.broke out Bbroke down C
47、broke in Dbroke up解析：选A表示战争、火灾、暴力等不愉快事件的爆发，应用break out。break down“(机器)出故障，(健康等)变得衰弱”；break in“破门而入，打断”；break up“打碎，破碎”。8A.congratulating Bcelebrating Cdefending Dpromoting解析：选B此处表示粉丝在庆祝(celebrating)最喜欢的运动队伍获得冠军。9A.ignore Bescape Cshare Dtake解析：选D根据作者关掉了收音机可知，作者再也无法忍受(take)了。10A.comfortable Bappropri
48、ate Cpreferable Dpleasant解析：选C此刻的宁静比听任何与这个疯狂的、竞争性强的社会有关的新闻要好多了。根据语境以及listening前的to可判断答案为preferable。be preferable to .“比更好”是固定短语。11A.sought Bappreciated Cvisited Dwatched解析：选D根据下文所描述的内容可知，作者观察(watched)过往的行人。seek“寻找”，强调动作；appreciate“欣赏，感激”。12A.While BUntil CBefore DAfter解析：选A根据语境可知，妇人往后院撒鸟食时，许多鸟飞了下来，故
49、用While表“正值之时(表示一件事是在另一件事发生过程中的某个时间发生的)”。13A.smile Bservice Cfeast Dattraction解析：选C妇人给鸟抛撒的鸟食，对于这些鸟来说，当然是一顿盛宴(feast)了。14A.carrying Btying Cplacing Ddragging解析：选Acarry/hold .in ones arms是习惯搭配，表示“将抱在怀里”。15A.angrily Bgently Cterribly Dfirmly解析：选B父亲对幼小的女儿应该充满慈爱之情，当女儿把他的帽子从头上拉下来时，父亲应温柔地(gently)胳肢女儿。firmly“
50、坚定地”。16A.love Bmess Ckindness Dphenomenon解析：选C根据上文描述的场景和下一段中的“a little more kindness”可判断选kindness。17A.down Bon Cout Doff解析：选D尽管车里的收音机被作者关了，但是作者仍然在心中唱着之前播放的歌曲。根据上文提到作者关掉了收音机可知，应选off。18A.In truth BIn theory CIn brief DIn turn解析：选A事实上，这个世界可以多一些善意，少一些竞争。in truth“事实上”；in theory“理论上”；in brief“简言之”；in turn
51、“反过来，转而”。19A.winners Bleaders Cfighters Dlearners解析：选A友善让我们每个人都是生活中的赢家(winners)。根据下文描述的我们唯一的竞争对手是我们自己，我们要尽可能地做最好的自己，友善地面对人生，成为人生的赢家。20A.society Byourself Coneself Dothers解析：选B本空是全文的主旨所在，也是本文的升华之处，下文中的“to be the best possible you that you can be”暗示此处表示你唯一的竞争对象就是你自己，故选yourself。.短文改错At the very beginni
52、ng of this term, I did poorly in my English so I didnt give up because I was always encouraged both the people around me and myself.I kept practice listening, speaking, reading and writing.When I was bored, I usually amused me by reading some interesting English story and jokes or seeing English fil
53、ms.Whats more, playing word games and singing English songs was also great ways, what at the same time were helpful in my remembering words and pronunciation.By these means, I always made myself cheer and optimistic, being full of great enthusiasm for English study.Gradually, I make progress in my English.答案：第一句：sobut; encouraged后加by第二句：practicepracticing第三句：memyself; storystories第四句：waswere; whatwhich第五句：cheercheerful; 去掉being第六句：makemade