1、语法初识原句感知自主探究1.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Given better attention, the trees could grow better.Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.2Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.(1)作状语用的过去分词(短语)和句子的
2、主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，或称为被动关系。(2)第一组句子中的过去分词(短语)分别在句子中作：原因状语；条件状语；伴随情况或方式状语。 Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency.3When offe
3、red help, one often says“Thank you”or“Its kind of you.”The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.(3)比较第二组句子可知，作状语用的过去分词(短语)可以转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。(4)从第三组句子可知，表示时间、条件、方式、比较或让步的状语，可用“从属连词过去分词”结构。可用于该结构中的从属连词有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although
4、等。语法剖析语法点一过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语，且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。1作时间状语。相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.当被问起发生了什么事时，他低下了头。2作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句或并列结构。Scolded (As she was scolded) by the teacher, th
5、e girl sat there without lifting her head.由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低头坐在那儿。3作条件状语。相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。Given more attention (if it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided.如果多注意些的话，火灾本可以被避免的。4作让步状语。相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether . or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Lef
6、t (Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didnt feel afraid at all.尽管被独自留在家中，Jenny一点也不害怕。5作方式、伴随状语。相当于and连接的并列结构。The president went into the lobby, accompanied (and he was accompanied) by the high officials and reporters.总统在高官和记者的簇拥下走进大厅。点津值得注意的是，有些过去分词及短语因来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词及短语
7、常见的有：lost (迷路)；seated (坐)；hidden (躲)；lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)；dressed in (穿着)；tired of (厌烦)。Lost in thought, he didnt hear the bell.由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。即时演练111.单句语法填空If we can do as_mentioned (mention) above, there will be no doubt that we can master English.There is clear evidence that children who take
8、 music lessons develop a better memory compared (compare) with those who have no musical training.When exposed (expose) to stress, in whatever form, all of us react both chemically and physically.Devoted (devote) to his science research, he has enjoyed fame all over the world.12.句型转换When it is seen
9、from the top of the hill, the town looks more beautiful.Seenfromthetopofthehill,_the town looks more beautiful.Because they were deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.Deeplymovedbythestory,_the children began to cry.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Givenmoretime,
10、_we could do it much better.The president of the company came to the factory, and he was followed by some workers.The president of the company came to the factory, followedbysomeworkers.语法点二过去分词作状语时在句中的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。Told that h
11、is mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly.得知母亲生病了，李雷迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room, supported by his son.老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。语法点三过去分词的独立结构作状语过去分词作状语时，有时在分词前加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构，过去分词的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。(2015江苏高考)Much time spent sitting at a desk, office workers are genera
12、lly troubled by health problems.在书桌前坐得太久，办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。即时演练2用独立主格结构作状语改写句子After the lecture was given, a lively questionandanswer session followed.The_lecture_given,_a_lively_questionandanswer_session_followed.The factory produced many famous cars, none of which were shipped to foreign countries
13、.The_factory_produced_many_famous_cars,_none_of_them_shipped_to_foreign_countries.Because extra money was given to the poor, he felt very happy.Extra_money_given_to_the_poor,_he_felt_very_happy.语法点四过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动。助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语，主语是问题。前后两动作，共
14、用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用 ing，被动用 ed。Seen from the top floor, the garden looks more beautiful.从顶层看去，花园看起来更漂亮了。Seeing from the top floor, we can find the garden more beautiful.从顶层看，我们能发现花园更漂亮。点津无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If caught, the police will punish the thief.()If caug
15、ht, the thief will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught, the police will punish him.()即时演练3单句语法填空(重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, telling (tell) me stories till I fell asleep. Where is Jimmy?Just now I saw him sitting under the tree, absorbed(absorb) in his vid
16、eo games.Asked (ask) why he was late, he cried.Hearing (hear) the joke, I couldnt help laughing.链接高考单句语法填空1(2016北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.2(2015重庆高考)Raised (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a footbal
17、l star.3(2014湖南高考)Children，when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.4(2013安徽高考)Founded (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.5(2012全国高考)Film has a much shorter history, especially when compared (compare) to such
18、art forms as music and painting.针对演练.单句语法填空1Deeply absorbed (absorb) in his writing, my father didnt notice it was dark.2Warned (warn) not to touch the computer, little Tom looked very upset.3Satisfied (satisfy) with what he had done, the head teacher praised him before the whole class.4Did the 37ye
19、arold athlete take part in the Olympic Games held (hold) in Brazil?5Heated (heat) to a high temperature, water will change into vapour.6Will all the teachers support the decision made (make) at yesterdays meeting?7Compared (compare) with the United States, our country has a long way to go.8Born (bea
20、r) in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.9Surrounded (surround) by a river, the park had a central pond with flowers floating in it.10Disappointed (disappoint) at failing in the math exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.完成句子1. (重庆高考写作)Learning_that_you_are_organizing_this_a
21、ctivity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.得知你在组织全球分享图书活动，我写信申请参加，其原因是我喜欢读书而且我拥有大量的图书。2. (广东高考满分作文)Given_the_chance,_I would make donations to orphans eager to gain future success through learning.如果被给一个机
22、会，我想向渴望通过学习获得成功的孤儿提供捐助。3(湖北高考满分作文)_Faced_with_so_many_new_things_to_learn,_I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.面对这么多要学的东西，我会感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。4._Edited_by_three_language_experts,_the dictionary has been popular with the readers ever since it came out two years ago. 由于被三位语言专家编辑，这本字典自从两年前上市
23、以来就一直受到读者欢迎。5Bathed_in_the_sunshine,_we jumped and cheered with joy. 沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴地欢呼雀跃。6Once_lost,_such a chance might never come again.一旦失去，这样的机会就永远不会再有了。.短文改错Dear Bob，I know youre the expert on English learning. I had so many problems to trouble you.English is such difficult that I nearly want to g
24、ive it up! In English classes I cant follow my teacher because of my poorly listening. I cant remember the words clearly, too. Although it takes me much time to study it, but I still cant use words in the right way.Trapping in the unknown words, I have much difficulty in reading, what stops me from
25、receiving the main information. You can imagine what the result of my English learning!These worry you a lot. What should I do? I will be very grateful to get your reply.Yours，Li Hua答案：第一句：thean第二句：hadhave第三句：suchso第四句：poorlypoor第五句：tooeither第六句：去掉but第七句：TrappingTrapped; whatwhich第八句：learning后加is第九句：youme
