1、题型组合训练十一（A）阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2018安徽合肥二模)Theaters of the PastThe Greek TheaterTheaters developed in many parts of Greece. Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time. Due t
2、o this, actors placed emphasis on exaggerated(夸张的) action and speech. And, colorful symbolic masks and costumes were used.The Medieval TheaterThe Medieval Theater started in churches. Thats why medieval plays were about Bible stories. At first, it became a custom for priests (牧师) to act out brief sc
3、enes during Christmas and Easter. These acts attracted large crowds. Finally the church refused to allow priests to participate in any such events again, so ordinary people began these performances outside. Performances were set in the town square, with several stage settings around it.The Elizabeth
4、an TheaterThe Englands theater developed rapidly in the years following the defeat of the Spanish Navy. The dominant feature of the Elizabethan Theater was the stage. It has three parts: The fore stage for outside scenes;the inner stage for scenes inside a building; an upper stage or balcony for var
5、ious purposes. The reason for this design is that there were no scene changes, or breaks during the play. Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues. This led to a more poetic script, and poets became the main source of script writing.The Res
6、toration TheaterSome of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were really funny. Many specialized machines were used to create the scene. The stage was a very clever ideaon the sides of the stage large back shutters(百叶窗) were painted with the scene.1.Why were ancient Greek theate
7、rs built on hills?A.To hold a large audience.B.To build a big and strong stage.C.To have a better sound effect.D.To emphasize exaggerated performances.2.In which theater could actors voices and speeches help create scenes?A.The Greek Theater.B.The Medieval Theater.C.The Elizabethan Theater.D.The Res
8、toration Theater.3.What is special about the Restoration Theater?A.Colorful masks were used.B.The stage was smartly designed.C.Most of its plays were sorrowful.D.Ordinary people were the performers.答案语篇解读本文介绍了四个古代的剧院。1.A细节理解题。根据The Greek Theater中Ancient Greek theaters were built in natural open air
9、sites on conveniently shaped hills. This allowed a great mass of people to enjoy a show at a time.可知,古希腊剧院建在山上,是为了一次性容纳大量的人们来观看。由此可知答案为A项。2.C细节理解题。根据the Elizabethan Theater中Very little scenery was used, so the actors had to create a scene through their voices and dialogues.可知,在the Elizabethan Theate
10、r, 演员的声音和台词能帮助创造场景。故选C。3.B推理判断题。根据The Restoration Theater中The stage was a very clever idea, in which on the sides of the stage large back shutters(百叶窗) were painted with the scene.(舞台设计是一个很聪明的想法,因为在舞台的侧面大型的百叶窗被涂成了舞台的情景。)可知,the Restoration Theater舞台设计巧妙。故选B。BSemi-retired advertising agency owner Step
11、hen Thomas, 58, has been investing on and off for the past 30 years. He made money in the dotcom boom but got his fingers burnt when the bubble burst in March 2000. When he got access to his pension he decided to start investing again, this time with the help of his son Sam.Now the two meet up most
12、afternoons at Stephens home in Sandbach, Cheshire to talk about investments. The day starts at 7 am when Sam looks at company announcements online. These regulatory announcements can include a firms accounts, general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions(收购). Sam flags up companies that he
13、thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research.Each has an ISA (Individual Savings Account) with AJ Bell, which they use to buy individual stocks and shares. It is a risky way to invest but the two like doing their own research on companies and Stephen makes an effort to go to i
14、nvestor presentations(报告) and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in and to speak to other investors in the companies.They have invested in oil companies and pet care businesses, to name just a few. But while the investments of the two men are similar, they do have different a
15、pproaches. While Sam likes to hold shares for the long term as he is saving money for his future retirement, Stephen likes to buy with any profits he makes.Sam says, “We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in. The only t
16、ime we might have a disagreement is when we both want to use the login for the news service at the same time.”4.What happened to Stephen in 2000?A.He had to retire from the agency.B.He gave away all his pensions.C.He got injured in an accident.D.He suffered a loss in his investment.5.What do the und
17、erlined words “flags up”in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Marks.B.Abandons.C.Takes over.D.Sets up.6.How does Stephen usually conduct his own research?A.By meeting clients and other investors.B.By predicting the trend of the market.C.By analyzing some research data.D.By doing ongoing interviews online.7.In what
18、 aspect do Sam and his father share in investment?A.The way to deal with the return.B.The percentage of the shares they hold.C.The enthusiasm for the investment.D.The approach to stock market research.答案语篇解读本文介绍萨姆和他的父亲的投资策略,他们在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。4.D推理判断题。根据第一段中He made money in the dotcom boom but got
19、 his fingers burnt when the bubble burst in March 2000.(他在互联网繁荣时期赚了钱,但是当2000年3月互联网泡沫破灭时他吃尽了苦头)可知这个时候他亏了钱,在2000年他的投资蒙受了损失。故选D项。5.A词义猜测题。根据第二段中These regulatory announcements can include a firms accounts, general updates or news of mergers(合并) or acquisitions(收购).这些监管公告可以包括公司的账目、一般的更新或合并或收购的消息。再根据第二段最后
20、一句Sam flags up companies that he thinks look interesting to his dad who then does some more research. 萨姆把那些他认为对他父亲很有趣的公司标记出来,然后再做一些研究。由此可知,画线部分的意思是“做标记”,故选A项。6.A细节理解题。根据第三段中.Stephen makes an effort to go to investor presentations(报告) and try to meet the CEO and directors of the firms they invest in
21、and to speak to other investors in the companies.可知Stephen通过会见客户和其他投资者来进行自己的研究。故选A项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中We do not argue because we have separate ISAs. It means finally we make our own decisions about which shares to invest in.(我们互不争论,因为我们有着自己的ISA,这就意味着最后我们就投资哪个股票自己做决定)可知,萨姆和他的父亲在投资方面的共同之处就是对投资的热情。故选C项。C
22、In todays society, language plays a key role in defining gender (性别) by vocabulary, and also their non-verbal vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It
23、 has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men;this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely and quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minute
24、s describing a painting, as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it.Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating, which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Mens body language is
25、 much more reserved when talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other peoples body space while talking, and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disin
26、terest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral(中立). After learning about our styles of communicating w
27、ith each other, I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating, what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”? The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someo
28、ne of the opposite sex, “I wonder if theres something there?” would no longer exist.8.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The differences between mens and womens languages.B.The different speed of mens and womens speech.C.The ability of mens and womens spoken language.D.Th
29、e non-verbal vocabulary of men and women.9.In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph?A.Speed of understanding.B.Understanding of speech roles.C.Politeness of communication.D.Application of body language.10.What is the authors attitude to the differences between mens and wo
30、mens communication?A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Skeptical.11.What is the best title for the text?A.Women, born excellent talkersB.Mens and womens social rolesC.Vocabulary and communicationD.Opposite gender, different languages答案语篇解读本文讲述的是“不同的性别,不同的语言”。在日常交流中我们可以用语言交流,也可以用肢体语言传递信息,这两种交流方式男女有着
31、很大的区别。8.B推理判断题。根据第二段中的It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men(事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快);再根据第二段下文this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely and quickly than men. (这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性
32、能更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。)由此推知,此处this指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。故选B项。9.D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating.(男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式)以及下文提到的Mens body language is much more reserved when talking to women.可知选D项。10.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中.what fun would it be if we all spoke
33、 the same “language”? The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. (如果我们都说一样的语言,那还有什么乐趣呢?男性和女性交谈时互玩的小游戏就会失去了)可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。故选B项。cautious 小心谨慎的;ambiguous 模糊不清的;skeptical 怀疑的。11.D主旨大意题。根据第一段中的In todays society, language plays a key role in defining gender (
34、性别) by vocabulary, and also their non-verbal vocabulary.主要讲述了男性和女性之间交谈语言和方式的差异,并列举了两性之间的几个不同之处。由此推断出本文的主题应该是:不同的性别,不同的语言。故选D项。D(2018课标全国)Weve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggl
35、ing with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem?Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among st
36、rangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the greas
37、e(润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,”he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others,
38、not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动)with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chat
39、ted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“Its not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn bel
40、ieves that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners,”he says. 12.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.
41、Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.13.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making busin
42、ess deals.14.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises peoples confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits
43、of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence答案语篇解读本文为说明文。介绍了“small talk(闲聊)”的重要性及其意义。12.C细节理解题。题干句意:第一段描述的是什么现象?根据第一段描述(无论我们身在何处,在电梯里、在银行排队或者在飞机上,我们周围的人或是像我们一样在埋头看智能手机,或是更坏,在和令人不安的沉默做斗争)可知,C项“陌生人之间缺乏交流”和首段描述一致,故答案为C项。A项“手机控”只是该段描述现象时举的例子;B项“公共场合的不恰当行为”与首段意思不符;D项“对缓慢的服务缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述无关。13.B细节理解题。题干句意:根据Carducc
44、i的说法,对于成功的闲聊来说什么是重要的?根据第三段最后一句(成功的闲聊的关键是学会如何同他人建立联系而不仅仅是同他们交流)可知,B项“能够理解并认同他人”符合题意,故答案为B项。本题干扰项为A“显示良好的行为举止”,错因在于锁定的句子“最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)”和题干要求不一致,答非所问;D项“做生意”受第三段第三句(几乎每一个伟大的爱情故事和每一单大的生意都源于闲聊)的影响,犯了逻辑推理错误;C项“聚焦一个话题”在文中没有涉及。14.D推理判断题。题干句意:关于闲聊,咖啡店调研表明了什么?根据第四段中的内容(结果表明那些同服务生闲聊的人明显有更高的积极情感和较好的咖啡店体验
45、。不是同服务生交谈比和你的丈夫交谈更好,而是同社交网络的边缘人员的互动也对我们的健康和幸福很重要)可知,D项“它使得人们感觉良好”与题意相符,故答案为D项。A项“它改善家庭关系”、B项“它提升人们的自信” 和C项“它和正式交谈一样重要”在文章中没有涉及,属于主观臆断。15.C主旨大意题。题干句意:文章最好的标题是什么?根据第二段最后一句(专家说闲聊是一种可带来巨大益处的极有价值的社交行为)以及最后一段最后一句(闲聊是良好举止的基础)可知,C项“闲聊的益处”与题干要求一致,故答案为C项。A项“会话很重要”为干扰项,错在偷换概念,conversation(会话, 交谈)和small talk(闲谈)不是一个概念;文章没有就闲聊的方式或方法做具体的解释,故排除B项“进行闲聊的方式”;D项“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的现象之一,而不是文章的主旨。