1、2015-2016高二选修八能力学案 （实验班专用） 姓名_ 班级_ 学号_ Editor: Guo SirProofreader: Guo sir Unit1 a land of diversity重点词汇用法1. elect vt.选举，推选；选择, 决定做某事 n _election_1) They elected Tom (as) their representative. elect sb (as) president/leader/Mayer etc2）He was elected to a US state governorship. 他被选为美国的一个州长。elect sb t
2、o sth3) You can elect to delete the message or save it. 你可以选择删除或者保存信息。elect to do sth【即学即练】The government is made up of men and women _(elect) by the people of the country. 2. occur vi.发生；出现 _occurred_ pt. _occurred_ pp. occurrence n.1) A third of accidental deaths occur in the home. 有三分之一的意外死亡事件发生在
3、家里。2) The cattle diseaseoccursmore or less anywhere in Africa where the flyoccurs. 在非洲凡是有这种蝇虫的地方，几乎都会出现这一牛病。3) occur to sb.（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到A brilliant idea occurred to him, while he was devoted to his research in the lab. 当他在实验室研究的时候，他突然灵光一闪想到了一个绝妙的主意。It didnt occur to him that his wife was ha
4、ving an affair.（it occurs to sb that）他没想到自己的妻子有婚外情。It did notoccurto me to check my insurance policy. (it occurs to sb to do sth)我没有想到要核实我的保险单条款。3. indicate v. 指出；标示；表明；暗示 n._indication_1) A survey of retired people hasindicatedthat most are independent and enjoying life.对退休人员的调查表明，大部分人都自食其力,享受生活。2)
5、 Mr Rivers hasindicatedthat he may resign. 里弗斯先生暗示他可能会辞职。3) Pelham moved across toindicatea wall chart. 佩勒姆走过去指着一张挂图。4)The arrow on a sign indicates the way to go. 标志牌上的箭头表示道路的去向。5) He told us when toindicateand when to change gear.他告诉我们何时打转向灯、何时换挡。4. slip vi. _slipped_ (pt.); _slipped_ (pp.) n.滑动；滑
6、倒 _slip_ adj. _slippery_ 1）滑;滑倒He had slipped on an icy pavement.2）滑落，脱落As he bent over, the towel round his waist slipped. 他弯腰的时候，系在腰间的毛巾滑了下来。He watched the sun slip down behind the mountains. 他看着太阳落下山。The ring had slipped off Julias finger. 戒指从茱莉娅的手指上滑脱了。Cally slipped from his grasp and fled. 卡利从他
7、手中挣脱逃跑了。3）迅速而悄无声息地走(到某处);溜(到某处)Amy slipped downstairs and out of the house. 埃米偷偷下楼溜出了房子。She slipped into the driving seat and closed the door. 她溜进了驾驶座，关上了门。4) 迅速而不被注意地放置;偷偷塞进I slipped a note under Louises door. 我偷偷在路易斯的房门下面塞了一张便条。He found a coin in his pocket and slipped it into her collecting tin.
8、他摸到口袋里有一枚硬币，便匆匆丢进她的讨钱罐。5) 偷偷地给;把塞给Robert had slipped her a note in school. 罗伯特在学校里偷偷地塞给她一张纸条。She looked round before pulling out a package and slipping it to the man.她四下里看了看，然后拿出一个包裹，偷偷地塞给了这个男人。6) 不知不觉地转入(某种状态);逐渐陷入(某种情况)He had begun to slip into debt. 他开始欠债了。7）下降;下跌In June, producer prices slipped
9、0.1% from May. 6月的生产价格比5月下降了 0.1%。His popularity slipped further after a series of scandals.经过一连串丑闻后，他的支持率进一步下降了。8）迅速轻松地穿上/脱下She slipped out of the jacket and tossed it on the couch. 她麻利地脱下夹克，扔在了沙发上。I slipped off my woollen gloves. 我迅速地脱下了毛绒手套。9）飞逝；过得飞快The hours slipped past almost unnoticed. 时间在不知不
10、觉中溜走了。【拓展】1) Slip your mind/memory 被遗忘，被忘记The reason for my visit had obviously slipped his mind. 他显然已经忘掉了我的来意。 2）let sth slip 无意中说出某事，泄露某事 He let it slip that they were planning to get married. 他说漏了嘴，说他们打算要结婚了。I bet he let slip that Id gone to America. 我可以打赌，是他走漏了我去了美国的消息。 3）let sth slip (through y
11、our fingers) 错过机会 Dont let a chance like that slip through your fingers. 别错失这么一个机会！5. hire vt.& n. 租用；雇用The best way to explore the island is to hire a car.在该岛上寻幽访胜的最好方式就是租用一辆汽车。No ordinary families can afford to hire servants.普通人家雇不起仆人。The rest of the staff have been hired on short-term contracts.
12、其余的工作人员签的是短期雇用合同。A city lawyer has been hired to handle the case. 聘请了一位该城市的律师来处理这一案件。【拓展】Why dont you hire out your spare room to other people, and earn some money?你为什么不把空闲的房间租给别人来赚些钱呢?6. reform vt.&vi. 改进；改革；（使）改过自新 n. 改革；改造；改良 adj. reformed 改革过的，革新的his plans to reform the countrys economy. 他的国家经济改
13、革计划When his court case was coming up, James promised to reform.他的案子即将开审的时候，詹姆斯保证会改过自新。He has urged reform of the welfare system. 他极力主张进行福利制度改革。The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colorful life.改革开放政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕而多彩的生活。A reformed party would have to win the approval of
14、 the people.一个革新的政党需要赢得人民的认可。7. nowhere = not anywhere adv. 无处；到处都无 1) Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place. 世界上再也没有这般恬静、幽美的地方了。2) We discussed it all morning but got nowhere.（没有进展，没有结果） = made no progress or had no success.He was getting nowhere (=making no progress)w
15、ith his homework until his sister helped him.他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有些进步。A negative attitude will get you nowhere. 消极的态度会让你一无所获。3) nowhere to be found/seen: impossible for anyone to find or see 哪儿也找不到那笔钱._4) The hall was nowhere near full. 那大厅远未满座。【高考链接】We only had $100 and that was_ to buy a new computer.(201
16、0辽宁)A. nowhere near enough B. near enough nowhereC. enough near nowhere D. near nowhere enough8. boom n.（人口、贸易的）繁荣，激增，兴旺；隆隆声; vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期；以低沉而有回响的声音发出; 发出隆隆声;An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction.接着出现了经济繁荣，尤其是在房地产业和建筑业。The 1980s were indeed boom years. 20世纪80年代是真正的繁荣时期
17、。The stillness of night was broken by the boom of a cannon. 夜晚的寂静被隆隆的炮声打破。By 1988 the economy was booming. 到1988年经济一直很繁荣。Sales are booming. 销售额在快速增长。It has a booming tourist industry. 其旅游产业在蓬勃发展。短语用法1. live on 1) She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了多年。 Mozart is dead but his
18、 music lives on. 莫扎特人已作古,但他的音乐作品却万世流传.2) Small birds live mainly on insects. 小鸟主要靠食昆虫为主。 He lives on a salary of $500 a month.【拓展】 live up to 达到，符合（标准）；履行（诺言）；不辜负（他人的期望） live with 和一起住；忍受（put up with,tolerate） live through 经历.而幸存【即学即练】1）These traditions will _ for centuries.2）He _ both world wars.3)
19、 You might not like the situation, but youll have to learn to_ it.4) He failed to _ his parents expectations.【高考链接】1. Had she_ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A. looked up to B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up with2. In modern times, people have to learn to _all kinds o
20、f pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with 2. by means of _ 【拓展】by all means=of course by no means 决不;一点也不 【即学即练】1）- Do you mind if I have a look ?- _.(当然行)2）By no means _(他们将屈服) to the terrible circumstances at that time although face
21、d with great difficulty.3) The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake _ rebuilding their houses.3. keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）I think you should keep up your courage/ your good work. 我认为你应该鼓足自己的勇气。They sang songs to keep their spirits up.他们唱歌以保持高昂的情绪。【即学即练】经济繁荣能持续多久？_They refused to_(沿袭旧的传
22、统) and wanted to reform.4. take in The tour takes in six European capitals.Fish take in oxygen through their gills.Dont be taken in by his charm-hes cruel.I couldnt take in the meaning of the word.He was homeless, so we took him in.典型句式1. It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural s
23、tate in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world.(1) multicultural adj. multi- 多、多方面、多方向的multi-coloured 多色的 multi-racial 多种族的 multi-media 多媒体 multiparty多党制的(2) having done 作状语, 表示这个动作发生在主句动作之前 练一练：* The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _at the en
24、d of last March. Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched * _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited2.Thousands were killed or forced into slavery.force into
25、 强迫成为、做、进入(1). They forced him into signing (to sign) the paper.(2). He forced his feet into his shoes.(3) She was forced into crime by circumstances.她为境遇所迫而犯罪。3.Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men.majority n.大多数 minority n.少数 The majority of students _ hard-wor
26、king. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair. the majority of + n. 后可用_，也可用_, 谓语动词由_决定。单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。4.The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.当名词被最高级，序数词修饰时，可用to不定式作后置定语. She is always the first to arrive and t
27、he last to leave.Autumn is the best season to travel.4. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(1)It is believed/ said/ hoped/ supposed/ suggested/ repor
28、ted that It is reported that some European countries are flooded severely. It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down. (2) mix n.混合，混乱v. 混合 mixture n. 混合物,混合体We have to come up with a mix of policies to please the voters.（ 折中）You can mix yellow and blue together to make green.The drin
29、k is a mixture of 3 different kinds of drinks. Success is a _ of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking.A. mixture B. thought C. time D. action(3) nationality 国籍 -Whats your nationality? -Chinese学以致用Fill in the blanks using the phrases below.keep up make a life back to back team up
30、with of their own apply to sb. mark out by means of a great/ good many 1. His son sent him an e-mail saying how he was_ in Australia.2. If two people stand_, they stand with their backs facing or touching each other.3. The two companies have _ to produce new software.4. Ive known her for_ years.5. I
31、 _the Consulate for a visa.6. Police_ a car-park before the supermarket.7. These settlers crossed the Bering Strait to America _ a land bridge.8. Immigrants from Denmark established a town_, which today still_ their Danish culture.Word-spelling: 1. _(显然地) hed been shocked when he saw a terrible acci
32、dent in which a trams brakes failed.2.The civil authorities _(改革)the system so that many more Chinese people were able to grasp the opportunity of settling in the USA.3. We should draw a d_between right and wrong.4.Nobody knows who will be _(选举)as president or vice president of this country.M8U1学案答案
33、：1.election elected 2. occurred occurred 3.indication4. slipped slipped slip slippery 7.The money was nowhere to be found. A1. 1) live on 2) lived through 3)live with 4)live up to BD2. by all means would they give in by means of4. How long can the economic boom keep up?keep up old traditionsIII学以致用：1.B C 3.are; is; 可数名词； 不可数名词； of之后的词4.A1.making a life 2. back to back 3.teamed up 4.a great/ good many 5.applied to 6.marked out 7.by means of 8.of their own 9.keeps up1.Apparently 2.reformed 3.distinction 4.elected