1、Unit3 课下题型练(一) Starting out & Understanding ideas.阅读理解AIf the Olympic Games are a history of mankind，wrestling (摔跤) is the prologue (序幕)When the ancient Games of the Olympic were born，wrestling was already an ancient game.Widely recognized as the worlds oldest competitive sport，wrestling appeared in
2、 a series of Egyptian wall paintings as early as 5,000 years ago.When the ancient Olympic Games began in 776 BC，more than two thousand years later，it included wrestling and in the years that followed，wrestling featured as the main event.The sport would return in a similar role when the Olympic Games
3、 returned after a 1,500year absence in 1896.Organizers，seeking direct links to ancient times，found wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world，from Greece，Assyria and Babylon to India，China and Japan.GrecoRoman wrestling，a style which was believed to be passed down from the Greek and
4、 Roman wrestlers of old was brought back into use.In GrecoRoman wrestling，the wrestlers used only their arms and upper bodies to attack.They could hold only those same parts of their opponents (对手)It worked nicely from a historical attitude，but another cheerful and relaxing style was sweeping across
5、 Great Britain and the United States by then.Known as“catch as catch can”，it had become popular at fairs and festivals in both countries.In 1904，the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it“freestyle”Now，wrestlers could use their legs for pushing，lifting and tripping，and they cou
6、ld hold opponents above or below the waist.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“摔跤”这一奥运比赛项目有着悠久的历史。1The first ancient Games of the Olympiad were held almost years ago.A776B1,500C3,000 D5,000解析：选C细节理解题。从第一段我们可以看出古奥运会是在公元前776年开始的，与C答案最接近。2What does the writer want to tell us by saying wrestling is the prologue?AThe
7、ancient Olympic Games have a long history.BWrestling was an important game in the ancient Olympic Games.CWrestling is popular all the time.DWrestling has a really long history.解析：选D推理判断题。整篇文章是在介绍摔跤的历史。在古奥运会举行之前，摔跤就已经作为一种运动形式存在了。作者说摔跤是人类历史的序幕，旨在说明摔跤作为一种运动有悠久的历史。3Why was GrecoRoman wrestling brought b
8、ack into use in 1896 when the Olympic Games returned?ABecause organizers wanted to find direct links to ancient times.BBecause wrestling was very popular across much of the ancient world.CBecause people believed it was passed down from the Greek and Roman wrestlers of old.DBecause all of the above.解
9、析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，A、B、C三项都是希腊罗马式摔跤重新作为奥运项目的原因，故选D项。4Concerning wrestling，which of the following is WRONG?AWrestling has a longer history than the ancient Olympic Games.BIn GrecoRoman wrestling，wrestlers can only use their arms and upper bodies to attack.CIn 1904，another kind of wrestling took the
10、place of GrecoRoman wrestling.DIn Olympic Games，wrestlers can hold opponents above or below the waist now.解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的In 1904，the Olympic Games added the second wrestling event and called it “freestyle”可知，在1904年又增加了一种自由式摔跤比赛，并没有说取代了原来那种。BThis is Ella Stevens who，at just 13 years old，is fighti
11、ng for a chance to drive for the most famous team in Formula 1 (一级方程式赛车)Ferrari.This fall Stevens faces a series of challenges, on and off track at the Paul Ricard circuit in France，with the ultimate prize a place on the famous Ferrari Driver Academy as its first female racer.“Its a very good opport
12、unity for me，”Ella，already a British karting champion，tells CNN.“We have to do a few fitness tests in the first phase so that they can see our driving.”The Academy is，in fact，a breeding ground for future racing stars.Its current crop includes Mick Schumacher，the son of legendary Ferrari driver Micha
13、el，Enzo Fittipaldi，whose grandfather Emerson was a double F1 world champion，as well as Arthur Leclerc，the younger brother of Ferraris current F1 racer Charles.On the face of it，theres no place for a 13yearold girl from a small village in England who already has a mountain to climb as a female in a s
14、port still dominated by males.After all，a female has not raced in F1 for nearly 30 years，and just five women have taken part in a grand prix (大奖赛)But Stevens is being supported by a popular figure in the F1 community，Rob Smedley.He worked as a Ferrari engineer for more than a decade and is now teach
15、ing Stevens through his own Electroheads Talent Academy.Smedley describes Ferraris search for a potential female racer as a “huge step”“Having a major player in the sport，with such a rich history as Ferrari, leading on this has to be applauded，” he tells CNN.“Its absolutely amazing that they want to
16、 do this and theyre taking positive action to increase the gender diversity within the sport.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。年仅13岁的Ella Stevens正在争取机会进入一级方程式赛车中最著名的法拉利车队，并且有希望成为法拉利车队的第一个女赛车手。5What will Ella win after fighting off a series of challenges?AShell become a karting champion.BShell drive for Ferrari in Form
17、ula 1.CShell have to pass a few fitness test.DShell become the first female racing champion.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，年仅13岁的Ella Stevens 正在争取机会进入一级方程式赛车中最著名的法拉利车队。由此可推知，她在赢得一系列挑战之后，会进入法拉利车队。6Why is Mick Schumacher mentioned in Paragraph 3?ATo make people believe hes a famous racing driver.BTo show Ferria
18、ri Driver Academy is difficult to enter.CTo introduce that he was once a double F1 world champion.DTo prove Ferrari Driver Academy is home to the promising racing drivers.解析：选D推理判断题。第三段的主旨句是第一句话，后面的支撑性细节通过举例展开。因此，本段提到Mick Schumacher是为了证明主旨句，因此D项(为了证明法拉利车手学院是有前途的赛车手的家)与段落主旨一致。7What does the underline
19、d word “dominated” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?AWon. BRuled.CPlaced. DGrasped.解析：选B词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的After all，a female has not raced in F1 for nearly 30 years，and just five women have taken part in a grand prix (大奖赛)可知，已经有近30年没有女赛手参加过一级方程式赛事，仅有五名女性参加过大奖赛。由此推断，一级方程式赛车是一项由男性主宰的赛事。8Whats the best ti
20、tle for the text?AElla Stevens：the First Female RacerBElla Stevens：a Promising Racing StarCFormula 1Ferrari：the World Top RaceDFormula 1Ferrari：a Race without Female解析：选B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了有望进入法拉利车队的女赛车手Ella Stevens，因此B项(Ella Stevens一个有前途的赛车之星)适合作文章标题。CThere are at least two types of escalator(自动扶梯
21、) takers：walkers and standers.Walkers think that escalators exist to quicken their pace，while standers typically see them as moving rest stops.Walkers think standers prevent them from moving quickly，while standers see walkers as impatient passersby who rudely cut them off.The truth is，though，that th
22、e general purpose of escalators is to direct and ease the flow of pedestrian traffic，not to speed our pace up or to enable laziness or inactivity.So the question whether its the walkers or the standers who are in the right actually is not just a subjective matter of preference.Science can weigh in.A
23、 2013 study showed that 74.9 percent of pedestrians choose to stand on the escalator instead of walking.This is important because we need to consider the way that most people are choosing to move naturally when weighing efficiency.Moreover，studies have also shown that someone standing needs，on avera
24、ge，a little over three square feet of space to feel psychologically comfortable，whereas a walking pedestrian needs more than eight square feet.What this means is that，from a strictly psychological point of view，an escalator can comfortably hold more than twice the number of standing pedestrians as w
25、alking pedestrians.Finally，planners for Londons public transit system recently found that by starting a “standing only” policy on their escalators，they were able to get a 27 percent increase in the hourly capacity (容量)These results were compared against a model where both walkers and standers were g
26、iven lanes on which they can move according to their preference.This might sound contrary to common sense for the very reason that walkers can move faster on the escalator than standers，and so allowing at least some people to walk might seem to make sense.But of course，not all walkers move at the sa
27、me pace，and this inconsistency causes traffic to build up in disorderly ways，which slows everyone down.However，when you have the escalator alone to yourself，walking is certainly more efficient in this case.When others are present，though，its best for everyone if you just stand and be patient.语篇解读：本文是
28、一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在自动扶梯上站立和行走两种方式哪种更高效的问题。9Paragraph 1 is mainly about .Athe functions of escalatorsBdifferent ways to take escalatorsCimpatient people on escalatorsDpeoples dissatisfaction with escalators解析：选B段落大意题。第一段介绍了两种乘坐自动扶梯的方式站立和行走，然后分别介绍了两种乘坐自动扶梯的人对自动扶梯作用的看法以及对彼此的看法。由此推断B选项概括了段落主旨。10What does the
29、 underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AKnowing the major preference.BMaking a right choice.CWeighing efficiency.DCounting numbers.解析：选A代词指代题。根据画线词所在语境可知，考虑到坐自动扶梯的效率，我们需要考虑大多数人乘坐自动扶梯的方式，所以了解大多数人喜好的方式对提高效率是很重要的。11What does the author think of the “standing only”policy?AUnreasonable. BSignifi
30、cant.CImpractical. DControversial.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容可知，在自动扶梯上只允许站立，不允许走动的政策可以增加自动扶梯的容量，所以对这个政策的评价应该是积极的，故选B项(有意义的)。12What is the main purpose of this text?ATo prove the convenience of escalators.BTo show how escalators ease pedestrian traffic.CTo tell the difference between standers and walkers.DT
31、o explain why we should stand on the escalator.解析：选D写作意图题。文章前两段提出人们乘坐自动扶梯的两种方式，并指出在自动扶梯上站立还是行走不仅仅是个人喜好的问题，而且有科学上的原因。然后从第三段开始，分别从效率、舒适度、容量三方面论述了在自动扶梯上要站立的原因。.阅读七选五For the rest of March，a disease will sweep across the US.It will keep kids home from school. 1 Employees will suddenly lose their ability
32、to concentrate.The disease，known as “March Madness”，refers to the yearly 65team US mens college basketball tournament. 2 Teams compete against each other in a singleelimination (单局淘汰) tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of
33、basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game.Friends compete against friends. 3 Colleagues against bosses.Bigname schools are usually favoured to advance into the tournament.But each year there are dark horses from littleknown universities.This adds to th
34、e madness.Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000，for many Americans，is an exciting experience.Two years ago，the littleknown George Mason University was one of the final four teams. 4 College basketball players are not paid，so the game is more about ma
35、king a name for their university and themselves. 5 About $4 billion will be spent gambling(赌) on the event.According to Media Life magazine，the event will bring in $500 million in advertising income this year，topping the postseason income of every US professional league，including that of the NBA.AHu
36、sbands against wives.BThe players will go all out for the games.CBut that doesnt mean money isnt involved.DCollege students will ignore piles of homework.EPeople are willing to spend more money on watching it.FIt begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April.GMany people had never even
37、 heard of the university before the tournament.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国一年一度的大学生篮球联赛影响力非常大，无数的美国人为之疯狂。1选D根据空格前后两句可知，这种“疾病”的影响很广，孩子不愿上学，员工无心工作。因此，此处应选D项(大学生无视他们的作业)。2选F根据上一句可知，这种“疾病”实际上是全美大学生篮球赛，设空处应该介绍全美大学生篮球赛的时间，故选F项。3选A根据空格前后两句可知，人们互相猜测谁是赢家，朋友之间互相打赌，夫妻之间、同事和老板之间互相打赌，故选A项。4选G根据上一句中的the littleknown George Mason University可知，George Mason University在比赛前一点也不出名，故G项符合语境。5选C根据上下文可知，大学篮球运动员没有报酬，参加比赛更多是为了学校和他们自己赢得名气，但是花在赌球上的钱约有40亿，广告收入达到了5亿。由此可知，此处应选C项(但这并不意味着比赛与钱无关)承上启下。