1、Section Warming Up & Reading Language Points一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.random adj.胡乱的；任意的2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. 签署(文件)；捐助3.tend vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理4.data n. 资料；数据5.trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向6.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫7.flood n. 洪水；水灾8.mild adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的9.range n. 种类；范围10.glance vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥.拓展词汇1.c
2、onsume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完consumer n消费者consumption n消费2.phenomenon n现象phenomena (pl.)3.quantity n量；数量quality n质量4.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量opposed adj.反对的；对立的5.consequence n结果；后果；影响consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.结果6.state vt.陈述；说明statement n声明；阐述7.steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的steadily adv.平稳地；持续地1.“表格
3、”家族graph n图表；曲线图diagram n. 图解；图表；示意图table n. 表格；一览表form n. 表格chart n. 表格；图表2.名词变复数的不规则变化phenomenonphenomena 现象mediummedia 媒体crisiscrises 危机criterioncriteria 标准datumdata 数据bacteriumbacteria 细菌3.data n资料；数据派生database n数据库；资料库词块data processing 数据处理4.catastrophe n巨大的灾难；浩劫词块a(n) economical/natural catast
4、rophe 经济/自然灾害5.mild adj.温和的；温柔的同义gentle adj.和善的；温和的反义rude adj.粗鲁的6.range n种类；范围多义词n变化范围；等级；类别；分类；幅度；界限；山脉v.(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块e about发生；造成2subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购3quantities of 大量的4go up 上升；增长；升起5result in 导致6be opposed to 反对7even if/though 即使8keep on 继续 9compare . to/with 与相比1.global
5、warming全球变暖2natural phenomenon 自然现象3greenhouse gases 温室气体4greenhouse effect 温室效应5trap heat from the sun 吸收太阳的热量6over the last 100 to 150 years 在过去100150年期间7make accurate measurements of 对做精确的测量8as low as 低到9as high as 高达三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that i
6、t is human activity that has caused this global warming . 毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”，that引导同位语从句。There is no doubt that the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice. (2017北京高考书面表达) 毫无疑问，沿着长江的旅行将是一个更好的选择。2.Without the “greenhouse effect”， the earth would be ab
7、out thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有这种“温室效应”，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。without的介词短语在句中引导含蓄条件的虚拟语气。Without your help, I couldnt have won the first place in the English Speaking Competition.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。3.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels
8、 that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。这是一个强调句结构，强调句中的主语“the burning of more and more fossil fuels”。The passage indicates that it is human activity that has resulted in the environmental destruction to the village. 文章表明是人类活动对村庄造成了环境破坏。4.Even if we st
9、art reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases . 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量even ifeven though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。Dean still refused to join in the game, even if/though we all did our best to persuade him.尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。1(教材P26)So how has this come about and does it
10、 matter? 那么，这是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？come about发生；造成How does it come about that .?某事怎么发生的？The argument came about when they talked about how snakes produce poison. 他们在讨论蛇是怎样产生毒液时产生了争论。How did it come about that he failed in the exam?他考试失利是如何发生的呢？名师点津 come about是不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。主语一般是物。辨析比较come about,
11、happen, break out, take place, occurcome about表示“发生；产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句happen作“发生；碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件break out意思为“发生；爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等take place通常指“(某事)按计划进行或按计划发生”。此外还有“举行”之意occur可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划发生某事”；还表示“突然想到”，常用于it occurs to sb. that .结构中
12、选择上述词语填空Do you know how the air crash happened?The wedding will take place in this church.Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. A fire broke out in the hospital at midnight.It suddenly occurred to me that there would be a meeting the next day.2(教材P26)All scien
13、tists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earths temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. 所有的科学家赞同这种观点：人们为了取得能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购写出下列句中subscribe to的含义We all subscribed to what he had said.同意He su
14、bscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.赞成 I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订购名师点津短语“subscribe .to .”意为“把捐赠给；把签署在上”。Many people subscribed money to the education fund.许多人向那项教育基金捐了款。3(教材P26)The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dio
15、xide into the atmosphere.当我们在大气层中增加了大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。quantityn. 量；数量；大量(1)in quantity/in large quantities大量地(2)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。(3)“a quantity of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The seed was sprayed over the ground in large quantities by planes.飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地
16、上。As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has (have) covered the land.由于破坏了森林，大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are (be) being washed away each year.随着更多的森林被毁，每年有大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。4(教材P26)It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped
17、in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.这意味着更多的热量有被困在大气层中的倾向，从而引起全球气温上升。tend vi.趋向；易于(be likely to do)；照顾vt.照顾；护理(care for)写出下列句中tend的含义His views tend towards the extreme.趋向He tends to lose his temper when he hears bad news.易于Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden,
18、Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots. (20176月浙江高考)护理(1)tend to do/be . 容易/易于/趋向tend (to) sb./sth. 照顾/护理/看护(2)tendency n. 趋向；倾向have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做；喜欢做There is a tendency towards/to (do) sth. 有一种的趋势/倾向Women tend to live (live) longer than men.女人往往比男人长寿。She had a tendency to
19、talk (talk) fast when she was nervous.她紧张时往往会说话很快。5(教材P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. 他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。result in 导致(1)result from由造成；因而产生(2)as a result 结果；因此as a result of . 作为的结果without r
20、esult 没有结果；白费Work stress resulted in his mental illness. His health is now at risk.工作压力导致了他精神上的疾病；现在他的健康处于危险中。His stomachache resulted from his eating too much.由于吃得太多，他肚子疼。People have better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. (2017北京高考)人们现在比过去享有更好的医疗服务，因此寿
21、命更长了。6(教材P27)On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. 另一方面，有一些科学家，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。oppose vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(1)oppose(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的be opposed t
22、o 反对；与对立Most of the students oppose having classes on Sunday.大部分学生反对星期天上课。We oppose ourselves counting (count) on a lucky chance.我们反对单纯去碰运气。I am opposed to feeding a baby regularly.我反对按时定期地喂养婴儿。7(教材P27)They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严
23、重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。consequence n. 结果；后果；影响(1)as a consequence结果as a consequence of 因为(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv. 所以；因而It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was canceled.It rained yesterday and consequently (consequence) the match was canceled.昨天下雨了，结果比赛被取消。The city was in
24、 ruins as a consequence of a severe earthquake. 由于严重的地震，这座城市成为废墟。8(教材P27)It will encourage a greater range of animals all of which will make life for human beings better. 它会促进动物种类的增多所有这些都能改善人类的生活。range(1)n.种类；范围a full/wide range of .各种in/within the range of . 在射程以内；在范围内beyond/out of range 在射程外；在范围外T
25、he team will hold a range of activities, including some training and matches. (2017全国卷书面表达)球队将举行各种活动，包括一些训练和比赛。She puts the picture within/in the babys range of vision.她把画放在婴儿看得见的地方。The price of the car is beyond/out of his range.这辆车的价格超过了他能承受的范围。 (2)vt./vi.排列；在范围内range from . to .在范围内变动 range betwe
26、en . and . 在和范围内变动The childrens ages range from 8 to 15. 这些孩子们的年龄在8岁到15岁之间。Prices of these toys range between 7 and 10. 这些玩具的售价在7美元和10美元之间。9(教材P27)Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions. 快速浏览一下杂志上的文章，然后回答问题。glance (1)vi.看一下；扫视glance at/over/through浏览glance about/around 环顾The
27、 man glanced nervously at his watch.那个人紧张地看了一眼手表。He glanced at/over/through the morning paper.他匆匆地浏览了晨报。I glanced about/around the room and saw Mary.我环视了一下房间，看到了玛丽。(2)n.一瞥take a glance at .对匆匆一看， 一瞥at first glance 乍一看They fell in love at first glance.他们一见钟情。1There is no doubt that the earth is becom
28、ing warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球在变暖。而全球变暖正是人类活动导致的，并非一种随意的自然现象。(1)There is no doubt that .“毫无疑问”，名词doubt用在否定句中，that引导同位语从句；当doubt用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句，注意不可以用if替换whether。There is no doubt that he will
29、 win the match.毫无疑问他会赢得这场比赛。There is some doubt whether he can win the first prize. 他是否能赢得一等奖还有些疑问。(2)及物动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。I doubt whether/if the new one will be any better.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。I never doubted that she would come. 我从未怀疑过她会来。
30、2Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。even if相当于even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”。Well make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我
31、们也要做一次旅行。Be openminded to different opinions even if/though you dont like them. 尽管你不喜欢不同的观点，对它们也要采取开放的胸怀。辨析比较even if/though, as if/thougheven if/though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；即使；虽然”as if/though用于引导方式状语从句或表语从句，意为“就像似的；似乎；仿佛”选择上述短语填空They are talking as if/though they had seen a ghost.Even if/though you dont li
32、ke this film, youd better see it.单句语法填空1How did it come about that he knew where we were?2I usually subscribe to Readers Digest magazine every year.3A large quantity of rice was (be) sold at a discount in the market yesterday.4The air crash resulted in the death of 221 passengers.5The parents strong
33、ly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.6Brian had been ill for a long time and consequently (consequence) he was behind in his work.7(2017北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.8I could see at first glance that it wasnt the
34、work of Xu Beihong.9Nowadays there is a growing tendency (tend) for people to shop on the Internet.10There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.补全句子1There is no doubt that the vase is a valuable cultural relic. 毫无疑问，这个花瓶是一件珍贵的文物。2Great quantities of sand were washed down the hillside by th
35、e rain.雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。3The exam was of vital importance for me; as a result, I had no choice but to completely focus on my study.这次考试对我来说非常重要，因此，我别无选择只好集中全部精力学习。4Even if/though we have achieved great success in our work, we should not be conceited. 即使我们在工作中已经取得了巨大的成功，也不应该自满。5I do not oppose listening
36、to your story again.我不反对再听你的故事。6As a consequence of a great fire, the house was completely destroyed. 由于大火，房子被彻底毁坏了。7Here we have a range of products, our toys. 我们这儿有一系列的产品，我们的玩具。8He took a glance at/glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。9If you subscribe
37、to the newspaper, itll be delivered to your door. 如果你订阅报纸，它会被送到你门上的。10People under stress tend to develop their full range of potential.处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。 一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高.单词拼写1The witness stated (陈述) that he had never seen the man before.2I have subscribed (订阅) to China Daily for several years.3He
38、glanced (扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.4(2016全国卷)It can be quite an eye opener to see the range (种类) of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.5However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way by studying movements of rando
39、m (任意的) floating garbage. 6Have a look at this graph (图标). It shows the total sales to date.7(2017江苏高考)First they collected sound data (数据) from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. 8He is a mild (温和的) man, who is reasonable.9The need to produce everincreasing quantities (
40、数量) of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution.10These years, our company has been developing steadily (平稳地).单句改错1Dont go and ask for her idea about our plan. Never will she subscribe it for the trip.subscribe后加to2Large quantities of rain is needed in this area.isare3Forgetting to check th
41、e weather forecast before heading out should result from you getting wet.fromin4Many old men are opposed to cut down the 100yearold tree for rebuilding a shopping center.cutcutting5I hope you can study hard, otherwise youll have to live a hard life as consequence. as后加a6She took a shy glance on him
42、and then lowered her eyes.onat7The engineers are too busy to take outdoor sports activities, as if they have the interest.aseven8There is no doubt Jack is a diligent student.doubt后加that.选词填空subscribe to， come about， quantities of， go up， as a result， even if， keep on， compare . to1Compared to a trad
43、itional smartphone, Paper Phone is lighter in weight.2(2017天津高考书面表达)Every day, I have to spend most of my time in studying. As a result, I dont have enough time to take exercise. 3Large quantities of food were on the table.4I keep on walking after supper because I cant think of a better way to keep
44、fit.5I have never subscribed to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.6How did it come about that he is always so busy?7With summer approaching, the temperature is going up quickly.8Even if flying is more expensive than land and sea travel, I went there by air to save time.课文语法
45、填空During the 20th century the temperature of the earth 1.rose (rise) about one degree Fahrenheit.How has this come 2.about?All scientists subscribe 3.to the view that it is human activity 4.that has caused the global warming. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil has resulted 5.
46、in the increase in carbon dioxide, quantities of which 6.are (be) added into the atmosphere. The global temperature goes up with more heat energy 7.tending (tend) to be trapped in the atmosphere. The attitudes of scientists towards the rise are completely different. On the one hand, some think the t
47、rend would be a catastrophe. On the other hand, some 8.are opposed (oppose) to the above idea. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad 9.environmental (environment) consequences. On the contrary, they think it will be 10.beneficial (benefit) to plants, crops and a greater range of an
48、imals, which will make peoples life better.串点成篇微表达每个美国人每(per)年大约消耗(consume)65磅牛肉。它在生产过程中放出了大量的(quantities of)二氧化碳。这导致(result in)了一系列的(a wide range of)环境问题。后果是气温持续(keep on)上升(go up)，自然灾害(catastrophe)，如洪水(floods)等频繁发生。我们应该反对(be opposed to)这种做法。Each person in the United States consumes about 65pound be
49、ef per year, and quantities of carbon dioxide are given off in producing beef, resulting in a wide range of environmental problems; as a consequence, the temperature keeps on going up and natural catastrophes, for example, floods, happen so frequently. We should be opposed to this kind of practice.二
50、、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.完形填空Conservationists are breeding (饲养) lions in the Southern African nation of Zimbabwe. The wildlife experts hope to increase the lion population to keep the great cats from 1 .In some areas, lions and human beings are 2 control of land. Researchers believe something must be done qui
51、ckly to 3 the animals.The African Lion and Environmental Research Trust (ALERT) has more than 100 4 in its breeding program. Antelope Park Farm is one of two sites ALERT operates in Zimbabwe.Gary Jones heads the Antelope Park Farm. He says ALERT has become involved 5 a sharp drop in the number of li
52、ons. His group believes this has been 6 mainly by humans. There are more people moving to this area every year. The lions have 7 land on which to live.Gary Jones says the decrease in the lion population affects the whole 8 . He adds that other African nations are also seeing the 9 effects of this.Th
53、ere are countries, 10 in central and north Africa, where the lion population has reached a(n) 11 level. Burundi, a country of eastcentral Africa, for instance, does not have lions in its national parks. It 12 wants to have lions reintroduced back into its national parks. The reason is that when you
54、take the lion out of the equation (平衡), suddenly you get all 13 things start happening with the balance of 14 . For example, you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says 15 animals are threatened when farmers try to 16 their p
55、lants or animals.Rene Czudek works for the UN agency. He says his organization has 17 a humanwildlife tool kit (成套工具) that some countries are using to reduce 18 between humans and wildlife. “In fact, the tool kit is a kind of instrument that extension workers can use with the 19 explain to them how
56、wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how they should 20 their fields accordingly，” Mr. Czudek said.1A.disappearingBattackingCchanging Darriving解析：选A由上文的“increase the lion population”可推断，野生动物保护专家希望防止狮子“消失(disappearing)”。2A.waiting for Bcheering forCcompeting for Dloo
57、king for解析：选C在一些地方，狮子和人类正在“争夺(competing for)”对土地的控制。3A.train BobserveCcatch Dsave解析：选D由第四段中的“a sharp drop in the number of lions”可推断，研究人员认为必须尽快采取措施“拯救(save)”狮子。4A.giraffes BlionsCzebras Dantelopes解析：选B由文章开头的“breeding lions”可知。5A.instead of Bbecause ofCin place of Din spite of解析：选B由于狮子数量骤减，所以ALERT要保护
58、它们。故选because of。6A.known BstudiedCcaused Dprevented解析：选C由下文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子数量减少主要是人类“造成(caused)”的。7A.less BworseCmore Dbetter解析：选A由上文的“There are more people moving to this area every year.”可推断，狮子赖以生存的土地减少了。故选less。8A.environment BbackgroundCindustry Dposi
59、tion解析：选A由下段末的“you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras.”可推断，狮子数量减少影响整个“自然环境(environment)”。9A.immediate BpossibleCmagical Ddisastrous解析：选D由下段可知，其他非洲国家也看到了狮子数量减少所带来的“灾难性的(disastrous)”影响。10A.usually BfinallyCgradually Dparticularly解析：选D在一些国家，“尤其是(particularly)”位于非洲中部和北部的国家，狮子数量已经达到
60、了“令人担忧的(worrying)”地步。11A.acceptable BworryingCreasonable Dnecessary解析：选B参见上题解析。12A.frequently BsimplyCnaturally Ddesperately解析：选D布隆迪“极度(desperately)”想将狮子再次引入到国家公园。13A.small BsimilarCstrange Dideal解析：选C由下文的“you get too many prey (猎物) species, like giraffes and zebras”可知，没有狮子会导致一系列“奇怪的(strange)”事情发生。1
61、4A.nature BbodyCpower Dtrade解析：选A由下文所举的猎物增多的例子可推断，此处是说“自然生态平衡”。故选nature。15A.live BwildClarge Dtrapped解析：选B由下文的“when farmers try to . their plants or animals”可推断，此处是说“野生(wild)”动物受到威胁。16A.protect BmoveCuse Dimprove解析：选A农民会设法“保护(protect)”他们的植物或动物。17A.put up with Bcaught up withCcome up with Dkept up wi
62、th解析：选CRene Czudek所在的组织已经“创造出(come up with)”一套缓解人类和野生生物冲突的工具。18A.pressure BdistanceCspeed Dconflict解析：选D由下文的“explain to them how wildlife behaves, and then show them what the risky behaviors are, and how .”可知，这套工具可以用来缓解人类和野生生物之间的“冲突(conflict)”。19A.farmers BworkersCgardeners Dexperts解析：选A由下文可知，这套工具是供
63、推广人员向“农民(farmers)”宣传有关环保知识时使用的。20A.clear BwaterCfind Dplan解析：选D上文多次提到狮子(或野生生物)和人类争夺土地，因此，要缓解二者之间的冲突就需要教育农民如何“规划(plan)”自己的田地。.短文改错Dear Li Hua，Im sorry to learn that you are feeling such nervous that you cant sleep well at night as the final exam approached. But in fact, you dont have to worry about i
64、t, and its not as hardly as you think.You should live regular life and take more exercises to keep relaxed. Whats more, you had better to have a balanced diet. Milk, meat, vegetables and fruit is all good choices. Time permitted, you can chat with your parents or friends about how you feel, whom may offer you some help.Believe in you and make full preparations! I am sure that youll succeed.Best wishes!Yours，Mike答案：第一句：suchso; approachedapproaches第二句：hardlyhard第三句：live后加a; exercisesexercise第四句：去掉to第五句：isare第六句：permittedpermitting; whomwho第七句：youyourself