1、课下能力提升（十三）阅读理解AWhen going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. Weve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I dont think I
2、 need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If youve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you changes as well.Most people dont make these choices consciously (意识到地) though. You might consciously decide to spend mor
3、e time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.Theres_no_“getting_rid_of_people”. People are always dropping into and out of each others lives. Associations grow into friendships, and frien
4、dships fade into associations. You dont get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldnt you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even
5、 if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldnt you stick by them?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you arent showing loyalty by smoking right along with
6、him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “Im sorry, but I cant have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem li
7、ke a selfish act at times, its often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that its also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, enco
8、uraging your boss to continue to behave violently.语篇解读：人们发生重大生活变化的时候，人际环境也会变化，这就涉及交往过程中朋友关系的处理，怎么做才是对朋友的忠诚，作者给出了自己的看法。1When experiencing major life changes, people may _.Ajoin a new social communityBinfluence their friends aroundCchoose their friendships purposelyDhave their people environment chang
9、ed解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话(当我经历主要生活变化时，比如换工作，我总是会变换和我大部分时间在一起的人。)可知，当人们经历重大生活变化时，可能会改变他们的人际环境。2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?AEveryone has at least one friend.BIt is unnecessary to make new friends.CFriendship still exists though theres less connection.DYou ought to treat your ol
10、d and new friend equally.解析：选C句意理解题。根据画线句子后面的描述可知，人们之间深入的交往可以变成友谊，曾经的友谊也会陨落成简单的交往，但是我们不可能摆脱任何人。C项和文章意思吻合，故选C项。其他选项在本段中没有信息暗示。3What is the authors opinion on the loyalty to friends?ANever betray your close friends whatever happens.BCorrect their mistakes while you guard their goodness.CStick by your
11、friends even though they do harm to you.DBreak up with your friends immediately if they smoke.解析：选B推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句话表达了作者对忠诚的理解：真正的忠诚有时要求你打破有破坏性的联系，坚持你自己的立场，然后再决定你能做什么去帮助你的朋友。这和B项意思一致，故选B项。4How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?AWe should accept what we are told to do.BWe should stay s
12、ilent and be in favor of it.CWe should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.DWe should give our boss courage to continue.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，如果不阻止暴力老板的行为，就意味着默许，这会让老板继续暴力下去。虽然张口指出其错误需要很大的勇气，但是这看似自私的行为对双方是最好的。BIn 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided t
13、o hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团). It beco
14、mes a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947, in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disu
15、sed for years.Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by littleknown writers of plays in small church halls to the people
16、of Edinburgh.Today the “Fringe”， once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And yet as early as 1959, with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.A paid administrator
17、 (行政人员) was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 1.25 million tickets were sol
18、d.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。1947年一群艺术界的著名艺术家在一位奥地利指挥家的带领下，决定在爱丁堡举办国际艺术节来使整个欧洲在二战后再团结起来。没想到这个艺术节得到了许多人的青睐，并迅速发展。5What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?ATo bring Europe together again.BTo honor heroes of World War .CTo introduce young theatre groups.DTo attract great artists from Europe.解析：选
19、A细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，举办爱丁堡艺术节的目的是让欧洲人民在二战后再团结起来。6Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?AThey owned a public house there.BThey came to take up a challenge.CThey thought they were also famous.DThey wanted to take part in the festival.解析：选D细节理解题。由第三段第二句可知，8个剧组于1947年在未受到邀请的情况下参加了这
20、次音乐节，他们是带着每个人都有权表演的信念来的。D项符合文意。7Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?APopular writers.BUniversity students.CArtists from around the world.DPerformers of music and dance.解析：选B细节理解题。由第四段可知，先是爱丁堡大学的学生，后来是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰大学的学生，他们纷纷来到苏格兰首府表演。故本题选B。8We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival _.A
21、has become a nonofficial eventBhas gone beyond an art festivalCgives shows all year roundDkeeps growing rapidly解析：选D推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知，该节日曾经不被承认，但现在已经成为持续21天，每天都有约1 500种表演的盛大的艺术节了。CThe earth provides us with almost everything that we need to eat, sleep, work and entertain. To do all this, we use the ear
22、ths resources. Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need. At the same time, we also create a great deal of waste and pollution. So we also need to think about how much land we use to deal with that waste. Then two things happen: first, large n
23、umbers of the worlds population get much less resources than they need to live; second, the earth is damaged.The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints. They show whose lifestyles are a burden on the earth and whose lifestyles are not. Because a few people eat up most of the earths res
24、ources, the majority have to bear the consequences like pollution. This is the ecological footprints that the earth keeps in its memory.Some years ago, a famous expert, called William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints. Today, this idea has become like a magnifying glass (放大镜). I
25、t allows us to see whether we are living lives in a way that keeps the earth in a reasonably good shape. Once the earth goes out of shape, there is no hope for human beings.Countries like the United States and Canada have big ecological footprints. Rees calculated that the average amount of energy a
26、nd materials consumed by a Canadian is what a land of 4.3 hectares can produce. India has a footprint of 0.4. This means that the energy and materials consumed by an Indian is what 0.4 hectares of land can produce. But if we look more carefully, we will find that even within India, the footprints of
27、 the city Indian are much larger than the rural Indian.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印，脚印越多说明消费的资源越多，给地球造成的负担就越重。一旦把地球踩得变了形，那人类就没有了生存的希望。9According to the text, rich people _.Ashould give more money to the poorBare using too many resourcesCare helping the poor to live better livesDshould live i
28、n rural areas with the poor解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段第三句“Because some of us have more buying power, they end up using more resources than they usually need.”可知，有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要，即富人消耗的资源太多。故答案选B。10Our footprints on the earth refer to _.Athe cities we buildBthe cultures we createCthe marks we leave on ro
29、ads behind usDthe resources we use and the waste we produce解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第一句和最后一句可知，地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量以及我们所产生的浪费。故答案选D。11We can learn from the text that Rees _.Aput forward the idea of the ecological footprintsBthought highly of the United States and CanadaCthought India was an extremely po
30、or countryDthought rich people made great contributions to society解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Some years ago . William Rees, developed this idea of the ecological footprints.”可知，答案选A。12Which of the following is the best title for this text?AFootprints on the EarthBHow to Protect the EarthCFootprints of Wild AnimalsDHow to Reduce Pollution on the Earth解析：选A标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，第二段是本文的主题段。根据第二段第一句“The amounts of resources we consumed are like footprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知，A项“地球上的脚印”适合做标题。故答案选A。