1、Section Using languageGrammar动词ing形式和动词不定式作宾语一、 动词ing形式作宾语1只接动词ing形式作宾语的动词有：advise(建议), suggest(建议), admit(承认), allow(允许), permit(容许，允许), avoid(避免), consider(考虑), miss(错过), keep(继续), practice/ practise(练习), finish(完成), enjoy(喜欢), appreciate(欣赏), forbid(禁止), imagine(想象), risk(冒险), mind(介意)，delay(延期)，
2、escape(避开), stand(忍受)等。I couldnt risk missing that train.我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。She suggested selling your house to pay the debt.她建议卖掉你的房子来抵债。We dont allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室里吃饭。2只接动词ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：look forward to, lead to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, feel li
3、ke, insist on, be busy in, have difficulty (in), spend time (in), cannot help, give up等。He insists on doing physical training.他坚持锻炼身体。3动词ing形式的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格/名词所有格/名词的普通格动词ing形式。Would you mind my/me staying away from the conference?你介意我不参加会议吗？The father insisted on his sons/his son going to co
4、llege.爸爸坚持要求儿子去上大学。即时演练一用所给词的适当形式填空He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing (lose) the good opportunity.We are considering making (make) a new decision.I usually go there by train.Why not try going (go) by boat for a change?Our monitor suggested having (have) a discussi
5、on on the new holiday plan.二、 动词不定式作宾语1只接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有：want(想)，fail(未能)，seem(似乎), choose(选择)，wish(希望)，hope(希望)，offer(提供)，decide(决定)，determine(决心), decide(决定)，long(渴望)，refuse(拒绝)，promise(答应)，manage(设法)，learn(学会), pretend(假装), expect(期望), hope(希望), wish(希望), afford(负担得起), plan(计划), agree(同意), prepar
6、e(准备), offer(主动提出), ask(要求)等。After much discussion they decided to accept our offer.经过反复讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。I hope to have a new type of smartphone.我希望有一部新款智能手机。My father finally agreed to help us.我父亲终于同意帮助我们。2能接“疑问词不定式”作宾语的动词有：show, understand, tell, explain, teach, learn, know, ask, decide, wonder等。此用法
7、中的不定式的逻辑主语需要与句子的主语或宾语一致，否则用宾语从句。He didnt know how to deal with the accident.他不知道怎样处理这起事故。即时演练二补全句子She promises to buy her mother a big house as she grows up.她许诺当她长大后给她妈妈买个大房子。What confused him most was how to solve this challenging problem.最令他困惑的是如何解决这个难题。Have you decided where to spend your holiday
8、? 你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？I dont know what to do.我不知道做些什么。三、 既可接动词ing形式又可接动词不定式作宾语的动词(短语)1有些动词(like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, intend等)既可接不定式又可接动词ing形式作宾语，动词不定式表示特定的未来事件，动词ing形式表示抽象的概念，但在许多情况下没有明显的差别，可以互换。I intend studying/to study abroad.我打算出国留学。She started writing/to write short stories in senior h
9、igh school.她高中开始写短篇小说。2下列动词(短语)后可接动词不定式或动词ing形式作宾语，但在意义上却有着明显的差别。stopforgetregretremembertrymeango onWhen they saw the teacher, they stopped talking.当他们看见老师，他们停止了说话。(停止了talk这个动作)She found me in trouble and stopped to help me.她发现我有麻烦，停下来过来帮我。(她停止了手中的事，转而帮助我)Dont forget to turn down the gas after an h
10、our or so.别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。(turn down尚未发生)I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。(see已经发生)3动词want, need, require, demand作“需要”讲，而且当物作主语时，常跟动词ing形式作宾语，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果跟动词不定式要用被动式。The old house requires repairing/to be repaired.那座旧房子需要修了。即时演练三句型转换/补全句子My bike nee
11、ds cleaning.My bike needs to be cleaned.These young trees requires to be watered.These young trees requires watering.They went on to do some exercises after reading the text.读完课文后，他们接着做练习。We went on doing our homework after he left.他走后我们继续做作业。四、it用作形式宾语记住句型“6123”结构：“6”指主句中常用的6个动词：think, believe, mak
12、e, find, consider, feel；“1”指形式宾语it；“2”指宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；“3”指真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动词ing形式或that引导的宾语从句。此结构中，it是形式宾语，其后的形容词或名词是宾语补足语，而动词ing形式/动词不定式/宾语从句才是真正的宾语。1主语谓语(think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等)it宾语补足语(no use/no good/useless/a waste of time)doing .I think it no use discussing the matter again.我认
13、为再讨论此事没有用了。Do you consider it any good trying again?你觉得再试一下会有用吗？2主语谓语(think/believe/consider/feel/make/find等)it宾语补足语(形容词/名词)(for sb.) to do ./宾语从句She has made it a rule to go out for a walk after supper.她养成了晚饭后出去散步的习惯。I feel it pleasant to work with you.我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。I must make it clear that Ill
14、always support you.我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。即时演练四单句语法填空/句型转换No matter how busy he is, he makes it a rule to read (read) at least 20 minutes a day.I found it no use arguing (argue) about it.In the past, scientists found it hard to solve the problem how life began on the earth.I find that it is my duty to help y
15、ou when you are in trouble.I find it my duty to help you when you are in trouble.五、动词ing形式和动词不定式的使用原则动词ing形式和动词不定式在形式上分为一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。一定要根据句子表达的意义而选用不同的形式。动词ing形式doing主动意义，表示习惯性行为动词ing形式和动词不定式的否定形式是在其前直接加上notbeing done被动意义，表示习惯性行为having done 主动关系，已经做完having
16、been done 被动关系，已经被做完动词不定式to do主动关系，动作尚未发生to be done被动关系，动作尚未发生to have done主动关系，已经做完to have been done被动关系，已经被做完1(教材P17)Today, Liu Wei still enjoys playing music, and his positive attitude is an inspiration to us all.今天，刘伟仍然喜欢演奏音乐，他的积极态度激励着我们大家。inspiration n灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)(1)inspire vt.启迪，赋予灵感；激励，鼓舞ins
17、pire sb.to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事(2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的；有灵感的 (佳句)Her positive attitude is an inspiration to the people surrounding her.她的积极态度激励着她周围的人。 练透单句语法填空What inspiring (inspire) news it is that my father will take me to Wuhan Happy Valley this weekend!He became inspired (inspire)
18、 when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.The teacher inspires his students to give (give) their opinions actively even if they are different from his own.写美补全句子The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的
19、灵感来源。2(教材P17)Even though being a camper has its challenges, I feel it is worthwhile.尽管当一名露营者也有它的挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的(1)值得做某事(2)be worthn. 值得be (well) worth doing (很)值得做(3)be worthy 值得 (佳句)Its worthwhile reading/to read literary books because they can help us to know more about the so
20、ciety and life.读文学书是值得的，因为它们能帮助我们更多地了解社会和生活。练透单句语法填空I dont think I am worthy of such an honourable title.Loosen up！Its not worth getting (get) upset.It is worthwhile to consider this view more attentively.写美一句多译尽职尽责的人值得称赞。He who does his duty is worthy of praise/being praised.(worthy) He who does hi
21、s duty is worthy to be praised.(worthy) He who does his duty is worth praising.(worth)3(教材P18)With life being made up of ups and downs, it is not always easy to maintain a good and enthusiastic attitude.生活是由起起落落组成的，保持良好和热情的态度总是不容易的。enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对热心/热衷(
22、2)enthusiasm n. 热心；热情(3)enthusiastically adv. 热心地；热情地 (佳句)We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.我们可以给获胜队伍和最热情的运动员发奖。练透单句语法填空Today, Im as enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started.When we got there，he helped us find a house enthusiastically (enthusiast
23、ic)I cant say I share your enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for the idea.写美补全句子He was enthusiastic about playing football as a little boy, which made him later become a famous football player.他还是一个小男孩的时候就热衷于踢足球，这使得他后来成为一名著名的足球运动员。4(教材P19)Why are you so upset?你为什么这么难过？upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的(1)be upset about/ov
24、er/at sth.为某事烦心/难过be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过 (2)upset vt. 使烦恼；使生气；打翻It upsets sb.to do sth./that 让某人心烦的是 (佳句)Then his friend moved away and he was very upset.然后他的朋友搬走了，他很难过。练透单句语法填空He stood up suddenly, upsetting a cup of coffee, which made him upset.(upset)He was upset about/over/at the failur
25、e in the exam.She was upset to know (know) that her application for the position was refused.写美补全句子It upsets me to think of the old man living all alone in that big house.想到那位老人孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。5(教材P19)You ran for Head of the Student Committee but werent elected.你竞选学生会主席，但没有当选。elect v选举，推选(1)当选为；
26、被选作elect to do sth. 选择；决定做某事(2)election n. 选举；当选；选择权 (佳句)He was the first black man to be elected as Mayor.他是第一位被选为市长的黑人。练透单句语法填空He defeated his opponents in this election (elect)Students who are experienced in sewing can elect to construct (construct) a more difficult garment.Mary Robinson, a 47yearold advocate, was elected as/to be Irish Republics first female leader.写美补全句子He elected to give up his career, which made his parents upset.他选择放弃自己的事业，这让他的父母很不安。