1、附 件. 课文注释与疑难解析1. .people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel. 人们已经对太空旅行的观念习以为常了。（P58）become / be accustomed to sth. / doing sth. 习惯于注意：to是介词，后面跟名词、代词、动名词形式。如：I am accustomed to sleeping late. 我习惯睡得很晚.Im not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercises. 我不习惯这么早起床进行晨练。2. Th
2、e world was in shock maybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane. 全世界都很震惊或许他们以为这次太空飞行跟登上飞机一样安全。（P58）1) assume vt. 假定,设想，承担，采取,呈现I assume you always get up at the same time.我想你总是在同一个时间起床。Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 假如明天下雨，我们做什么呢？2) no
3、形容词副词比较级 than 两者一样不This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本书一样没意思。3. It is so light and it could float on water if a big enough ocean could be found! 它非常轻，如果有一片足够大的海洋，它兴许会浮在上面。（P64）It could float on water if a big enough ocean could be found! 此句为虚拟条件句。表明与现在的事实相反。虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法：表示的时间条件从
4、句的谓语动词形式主句中的谓语动词形式与现在事实相反一般过去时（动词be用were,适于所有人称）should / would / could / might +动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词should / would / could / might +have+过去分词与将来事实可能相反一般过去时should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形should / would / could / might +动词原形If I were you, I would keep silent. 如果我是你，我就保持沉默。If he had worked harder, he would
5、have passed the examination.假如他努力学习的话，他本来会通过考试的。If it should rain/rained/were to rain tomorrow, we would not go out.如果明天下雨，我们就不出去了。4. The images of Titan and Phoebe look strangely like photos of the Earth and our own Moon, taken decades ago by the earliest space missions. 从探测器发回的Titan和Phoebe的图片和早期太空
6、航行中拍摄的地球和月亮的图片惊人地相似。(P64)“taken decades ago by the earliest space missions” 为过去分词短语做状语。试比较下面两句话：Seeing from the tower, we found the city beautiful. 现在分词短语做状语，表明see 与句子的主语we 为主动关系。Seen from the tower, the city looked beautiful.过去分词做状语，表明see与句子的主语the city 为被动关系。. 文化背景知识1. Famous International Space Ex
7、plorations1957 AD-Present1957 First Earth orbiter, Soviet Sputnik 1, 370 mile high orbit, 184-lb October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union stunned the world by placing the first satellite, Sputnik, into space. The Russian spacecraft orbited around the earth in great, amorphous loops. Americans reacted to th
8、e Russian Sputnik with amazement and awe. Many doubted that it was really in space, some top minds reported it as unimportant and useless. Some saw it as an object to be blown out of the sky, in truth it was nothing more than a dummy space ship. Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3 with the dog, Lai
9、ka, the first animal in space Unsuccessful Vanguard firing in the USA 1958 First successful American satellite: USAF 31-lb Explorer First successful Vanguard launching Discovery of the Van Allen Zone Tests with Pioneer rockets (pre-lunar probes) US Congress Space Act Established-NASA (National Aeron
10、autical Space Agency) 1961 First Venus probe launched by the Russians Venera 1, but contact soon lost First manned space-flight by Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin for 60 mins in Vostok 1, USSR Gherman Titov spends more than a day in space (25 hours) in the second Vostok manned flight in August First manned A
11、merican space-flight by astronaut Shepard, sub-orbital 1965 First space-walk by Cosmonaut Leonov, USSR First American space-walk by astronaut White Improved photographs of the Moons far side obtained from Zond 3 (USSR)1967 Disaster at Cape Kennedy, resulting in the deaths of three astronauts 1968 Te
12、sting of the American Saturn 5 rocket (Project Apollo) First manned Apollo flight: Apollo 7 (Schirra, Cunningham, Eisele) 1970 First Japanese Earth orbiter, 58-lb Lambda First Chinese Earth orbiter (386-lbs) Soviet unmanned Luna returned 3-5 oz of lunar soil after soft landing in Mare Fecunditatis 1
13、971Soviets launched Mars 2 and 3 for first impact on Mars, the planet, by Mars 2 and first soft landing on Dec 2, 1971 by Mars 3 First space lab, Soviet 41,580-lb. Salyut 1, visited for 22 days by Cosmonauts Dobrovolsky, Patsayev, and Volkov, who died in Soyuz on return to Earth 1975Soviet Union lau
14、nched Venera 9 and 10 to orbit Venus; Venera-9 lander reached the surface October 22 and transmitted the first pictures from another planets surface 1980 NASA Space Shuttle to be used repeatedly 1987 First permanently-occupied space station, Space Station MIR (USSR) 1988 Longest manned space-flight-
15、365 days by cosmonauts Titov and Manarov (USSR)1989 First probe to reach Neptune-Voyager 2 (USA)2. An Overview of the Solar SystemMembers: The solar system consists of the Sun; the nine planets, more than 130 satellites of the planets, a large number of small bodies (the comets and asteroids), and t
16、he interplanetary medium. (There are probably also many more planetary satellites that have not yet been discovered.) ClassificationsTraditionally, the solar system has been divided into planets (the big bodies orbiting the Sun), their satellites (moons, variously sized objects orbiting the planets), asteroids (small dense objects orbiting the Sun) and comets (small icy objects with highly eccentric orbits). Unfortunately, the solar system has been found to be more complicated than this would suggest.