1、课时提能练(三十八).阅读理解(2019济南市针对性训练)Nathan，a freshman student at San Marino High School in California，US，doesnt like doing housework any more than anybody else.But he said doing it made him wonder why hot water worked better than cold water when washing up after dinner，and what made soap a good cleaner.The
2、 experiments he designed to figure out these things earned him the top prize at the 2016 Broadcom MASTERS.MASTERS stands for Math，Applied Science，Technology and Engineering for Rising Stars.Every year，the event brings together 30 middle school students from around the country to share their science
3、projects.“At first，I thought that my ideas were naive，”the teenager told Student Science.“But when I was presented with this special award，it proved that young inventors can actually deal with real-world problems.”Inspired by reports of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico，he connec
4、ted washing dishes to cleaning oil spills.“I decided that I wanted to find a method for cleaning thats both efficient and environmentally friendly，”Nathan told Student Science.So he created his own setup for measuring surface tensiona scientific term that refers to the tension of a layer of liquid.H
5、e ended up learning why soap and hot water are better for cleaning，and a way to remove oil from water.“Science and math help you understand the world around you.You can learn it from books and teachers，but you can also discover it yourself by doing science projects.” He even plans to sell his setup
6、to schools，so other teens can do his experiment and learn his theory.When asked his secret to success，he said to keep a science fair project simple at first.“Break down the problem into smaller，manageable steps，so in the way，you will be able to know what you are doing and build on your knowledge gra
7、dually.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了一个美国高中生的创造发明获得MASTERS奖的故事。1What do we know about Nathan?AHe enjoys doing housework.BHe wants to clean up oil spills.CHe figured out how cleaning worked.DHe won many prizes for his fancy ideas.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“But he said doing it made him wonder why hot water worked better than c
8、old water when washing up after dinner，and what made soap a good cleaner”和第四段最后一句“He ended up learning why soap and hot water are better for cleaning，and a way to remove oil from water”可知，Nathan弄明白了清洗的原理，故选C。2What can best describe Nathan?AGenerous and wealthy.BCurious and creative.CLazy but talente
9、d.DPolite but shy.B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But he said doing it made him wonder why hot water worked better than cold water when washing up after dinner，and what made soap a good cleaner”可推知，Nathan富有好奇心，结合第四段可推知，Nathan比较有创造性，故选B。3What is Nathans secret to success?ADoing things step by step.BDoing science pro
10、jects alone.CWorking hard at math problems.DLearning about the world from books.A细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Break down the problem into smaller，manageable steps，so in the way，you will be able to know what you are doing and build on your knowledge gradually”可推知，Nathan成功的秘诀就在于做事循序渐进，逐个突破，故选A。.阅读七选五(2019山西八校联考)Hav
11、ing success and being able to meet ones goals requires many things：knowledge，a sense of direction，hard work，luck，connections and perhaps a strong belief in yourself.We accomplish our goals one step at a time，doing a little each day._1Get up an hour early.People who get up early in the morning have a
12、 jump on the day._ And some studies show that the willpower and attention are strongest in the morning.In fact，the morning may be the most productive part of your day.2Drink a glass of water with lemon juice.While your coffee is being prepared or waiting for the water to heat up，drink a glass of wat
13、er with lemon juice.Why？Health experts say that drinking a combination of lemon juice and water first in the morning jumpstarts the bodys metabolism(新陈代谢)3Exercise!_ Exercising in the morning may not be for everyone.Some people like to exercise after work or at night.Physical fitness experts and tra
14、iners often suggest some form of exercise in the morning because the middle of the day is a busy time for most people.By the days end，you may not have the time or energy to exercise.4_Take time at the end of the day to think back on all the things that have happened._ And spend a little time thinkin
15、g about tomorrow.It may help you to prepare if you take a few minutes to think about what you need to do the next day.AMake a plan for tomorrow.BFor starters，they are awake!CThink about your day at night.DSome people may disagree with this one.ESo using your day effectively is important.FGive thanks
16、 to wonderful things，if you want.GWell，dont，as it is a great way to forget about the day ahead.【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了有效利用每一天的四个习惯。1E从空前一句和下文中的四个建议可知，本空承上启下，E项符合语境，E项中的“using your day effectively”是关键信息。2B根据空处所在段的小标题“Get up an hour early”并结合选项可知，B项符合语境。3D根据该段小标题和空处后两句内容可知，有些人可能是不同意早上锻炼的，故选D项。4C由本段内容特别
17、是第一句可知，本段主要讲的是一天结束时要进行思考，故选C项。5F本空前一句内容是回顾一天发生的事情，故可推知空处应指回顾过后可对美好的事情表达一下感谢，故选F项。【易错分析】本题的干扰项是G项，G项意思是“噢，不要这样做，因为这是一个提前忘记这一天的很好的方法”，但它与空后的“And spend a little time thinking about tomorrow”连贯不起来，逻辑不通，故排除。.语法填空(2019沈阳质检)China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its“four great new
18、 1_(invent)”highspeed rail，electronic payment，shared bicycle，and online shopping.Chinas newgeneration highspeed train，the Fuxing Hao，is now one of the 2._(fast) trains in the world，which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h.Besides highspeed rail，China 3._(improve) peoples lives in many other innovativ
19、e ways over the last decade.Bike sharing，for example，is not new itself.But China has made 4._much more convenient and popular both in China 5_ overseas.The leading Chinese bikesharing companies Mobike and ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.And back in China，when
20、 riding a shared bike，you can stop 6_(buy) and eat whatever you want 7_(simple) with a tap on your phone.You could easily pay with your smartphone by 8._(scan) the sellers QR code.Cashless payment has grown into a 9._(choose) for Chinese peopleeven a pancake seller is using Alipay.Besides，the four i
21、nnovative ways of life are most appealing 10_ youths from 20 countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative，and they wish their countries would emulate China in terms of technological achievements.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国“新四大发明”。1inventions考查名词和名词的数。前面有four great new修饰，故用该词对应的名词的复数形式，故填invention
22、s。2fastest考查形容词的最高级。根据后面的比较范围in the world可知，这里应用最高级形式。3has improved考查时态。over the last decade表示“在过去十年”，常和现在完成时连用，主语是China，故用has improved。4it考查代词。这里it指代前面的Bike sharing，充当动词made的宾语。5and考查固定搭配。both.and.表示“两者都”。6to buy考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”，这里表示停下共享单车去买东西吃，故用不定式充当宾语。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
23、。7simply考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰with介词短语，故用所给词的副词形式。8scanning考查非谓语动词。介词by后面的宾语是动词，故用动名词形式。9choice考查名词。冠词a后面用所给动词的名词形式。10to考查固定搭配。be appealing to表示“对有吸引力”。.短文改错(2019东北三省四市联考)I was often troubled by lack of confidences.So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was held ann
24、ual to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time，I was responsible for interview parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him，I found it was not so hard as I think.One lady even praised me but asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was in gr
25、eat value and nothing was more excited than communicating with people.From this experience，I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving.【答案】I was often troubled by lack of .So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was he
26、ld to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time，I was responsible for parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with ，I found it was not so hard as I .One lady even praised me asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was great value and nothing was more than communicating with people.From this experience，I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality needs improving.