1、附 件 课文注释与疑难解析1 For many people, the Renaissance means 14th to 16th century Italy, and the developments in art and architecture, music and literature which took place there at that time. (P16)对很多人来说，文艺复兴是指14到16世纪的意大利，以及当时艺术、建筑、音乐、文化等各方面的发展。1) 句中的take place 是“发生”的意思，具有相同用法的还有happen, break out。e.g: Gre
2、at changes have taken place in China in the past 50 years.在过去的五十年中，中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。2) take place 表示的是事情有计划地、自然地发生。happen表示的是偶然的发生。break out指疾病、战争等灾难性事件的爆发。e.g. An accident happened in the street yesterday.昨天街上发生了一起事故。In 2003, SARS broke out in China without any sign.2003年，非典毫无预兆地在中国爆发了。3)这三个词都不用于被动语态。e
3、.g. World Warwas broken out in 1914. (false)World Warbroke out in 1914. (right) 2. It is believed to be the best example of a new life-like style of painting that amazed people when it was first used. (P16)这幅惊世之作刚刚问世，就被人们看作是新颖逼真的绘画作品之最佳典范。1） It is believed to be . 被认为是具有相似用法的动词还有It is considered / k
4、nown to be .e.g. He is considered to be the greatest scientist in the world. 人们认为他是世界上最伟大的科学家。 2）painting that amazed people此处that引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语。3. The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy. (P17)探索的意识也促使艺术家们同时接纳了一种新型的哲学。hand in hand 1）手拉手
5、e.g. The twins often walk hand in hand.2）与紧密相关e.g. Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand. 文化背景知识1. Notes on paintingPainting and its elementsPainting consists of two main parts: the first is form, that is to say, the line which defines the forms of bodies and their details; and the second is
6、 colour which is enclosed by line borders.Light and shadowShadow is the absence of light or simply the opposition of opaque bodies that intercept the rays of light. Shadow is of the nature of darkness; light is of the nature of splendour. They are always combined on the body, and shadow is more powe
7、rful than light, for it can completely exclude light and deprive bodies of it entirely while light can never eliminate all shadows from bodies, at least from opaque bodies. Linear perspectivePerspective is the rational law according to which experience shows us that all objects send their images to
8、the eye following pyramidal trajectories, and bodies of the same size will make more or less narrow pyramids according to their respective distances. The blue in the distanceThere is another kind of perspective which we call aerial, for the differences of the colour of the air can make us distinguis
9、h the respective distances of many buildings, the bases of which are cut by a single straight line. Let us assume that they appear to be all the same size, and that you want to show that some are more distant than others, and represent them in a fairly dense atmosphere. You know that in such an atmo
10、sphere, the most distant objects, such as mountains, appear, because of the great quantity of air that lies between them and your eye, as blue as the air when the sun rises. You will therefore give the nearest building above the wall its real colour, and the more distant one you will make less disti
11、nct and bluer. And the one that you want to show even farther is that one you will make even bluer; and the one which lies five times more distant, make it five times bluer. And with this rule, it will be obvious which of the buildings that appear to be the same size is the more distant and so (in r
12、eality) larger than the others. 2. Vincent Van Gogh Vincent Van Gogh, (March 30, 1853, July 29, 1890), is generally considered the greatest Dutch painter and draughtsman after Rembrandt. He powerfully influenced the current of Expressionism in modern art. His uncle was a partner in the international
13、 firm of picture dealers Goupil and Co. and in 1869 van Gogh went to work in the branch at The Hague. In 1873 he was sent to the London branch and fell unsuccessfully in love with the daughter of the landlady. This was the first of several disastrous attempts to find happiness with a woman, and his
14、unrequited passion affected him so badly that he was dismissed from his job. He returned to England in 1876 as an unpaid assistant at a school, and his experience of urban squalor awakened a religious zeal and a longing to serve his fellow men. His father was a Protestant pastor, and van Gogh first
15、trained for the ministry, but he abandoned his studies in 1878 and went to work as a lay preacher among the impoverished miners of the grim Borinage district in Belgium. In his zeal he gave away his own worldly goods to the poor and was dismissed for his literal interpretation of Christs teaching. H
16、e remained in the Borinage, suffering acute poverty and a spiritual crisis, until 1880, when he found that art was his vocation and the means by which he could bring consolation to humanity. From this time he worked at his new “mission” with single-minded frenzy, and although he often suffered from extreme poverty and undernourishment, his output in the ten remaining years of his life was prodigious: about 800 paintings and a similar number of drawings.