1、专题一 广告信息类2016天津，AA Language Programme for TeenagersWelcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.Our CoursesRegardless of your choice of course, youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.Our Standard Course guarantees a signif
2、icant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas-speaking, listening, reading and writing.Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
3、Course TypeDaysNumber of Lesson Course TimetableStandard CourseMonFri20lessons：Intensive CourseMonFri20lessons：10lessons：EvaluationStudents are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take on online language test before starting their programme. However,
4、if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.Arrivals and TransferOur programme offers the full packagestudents are take good ca
5、re of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the students full details at least 4 weeks in advance. Meals/Allergies(过敏)/Special Dietary RequirementsStudents are provided with breakfast, dinner
6、 and either a cooked or packed lunch(which consists of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert). Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on t
7、he type of allergies and/or dietary requirements, an extra charge may be made for providing special food.36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course? A. It is less effective. B. It focuses on speaking. C. It includes extra lessons. D. It give you confidence37. When can a student attend
8、 Standard Course? A. 13:00-14:30 Monday. B. 9:00-12:30 Tuesday C. 13:00-14:30 Friday.D. 9:00-12:30 Saturday.38. Before starting their programme, students are expected to _. A. take a language test B. have an online interview C. prepare learning materials D. report their language levels39. With the f
9、ull package, the programme organizer is supposed to_. A. inform students of their full flight details B. look after students throughout the programme C. offer students free sightseeing trips D. collect students luggage in advance40. Which of the following may require an extra payment?A. Cooked dinne
10、r. B. Mealtime dessert. C. Packed lunch. D. Special diet.2016四川，ABasketball Statistician Help WantedThe Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during ba
11、sketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:Good computer skillsAvailable evenings and weekendsKnowing basketball rules and statisticsStudents interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses. TP/SS A
12、thletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-691521.When will the job start?A .In May 2016 B. In May 2017 C.In September 2016 D.
13、 In September201722.Who is more likely to get job?A.Sam,English major ,member of the college basketball teamB.Judy,IT staff with night classes,childrens basketball team coachC.Ted,computer major, basketball fan,free on evenings and weekendsD.Molly,part-time programmer,high school basketball player ,
14、new mother23.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?A.Michael B.Jorge C.Gauri D.Gary2013北京，AEP Portable HeaterWe all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget. Now millions of people are saving on their heatin
15、g bills with the EP portable heater. With over one million satisfied customers around the world, the new EP heats better and faster, saves more on heating bills, and runs almost silent.The EP has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire. The outside of the EP only gets warm to the touch so tha
16、t it will not burn children or pets.The EP will not reduce oxygen in the room. With other heaters, youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen. The advanced EP also heats the room evenly, wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area
17、up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room. The EP comes with a 3-year warranty (保修) and a 60-day, n
18、o questions asked, satisfaction guarantee. If you are not totally satisfied, return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.Now we have a special offer for 10 days, during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.If you order after that, we reserve the right t
19、o either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.Take action right now!56.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? A. The heat of the EP. B. The safety of the EP. C. The appearance of the EP. D. The material of the EP.57.From the passage,we can learn that the EP_. A. doesnt burn up o
20、xygen B. runs without any noise C. makes people get sleepy D. is unsuitable for children and pets58.The underlined word evenly in Paragraph 4 probably means _. A. continuously B. separately C. quickly D. equally59.The main purpose of the passage is to _. A. persuade people to buy the product B. advi
21、se people to save on heating bills C. report the new development of portable heaters D. compare the functions of different heater brands专题二 科普研究类2016天津，12.5分词数：372When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and deli
22、vering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from B
23、oston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made t
24、he discovery. And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Point
25、s were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a
26、 wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a chi
27、ld develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once
28、said, One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.1.What do we know about John?A. He enjoyed his career and marriage. B. He had few childhood playmates.C. He received little love from his family. D. He was
29、envied by others in his childhood.2.Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as_.A. a description of personal values and social values B. an analysis of how work was related to competenceC. an example for parentsexpectations of their children D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3.Vaillant
30、s team obtained their findings by_.A. recording the boyseffort in school B. evaluating the mens mental healthC. comparing different sets of scores D. measuring the mens problem solving ability4.What does the underlined word sharp probably mean in Paragraph 4?A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.
31、 C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.5.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Competent adults know more about love than work.B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.D. Independence is the key to ones success.Passage
32、 3 2016浙江，10分词数：449A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-month-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but
33、some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this play is more like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out import
34、ant evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用)：bowls of rice do not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object
35、support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gatherin
36、g direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only
37、be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering,and finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood de
38、velopment as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and unders
39、tand our world is simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make youn
40、g children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1.According to some developmental psychologists,_.A. a babys play is nothing more than a game
41、B. scientific research into babiesgames is possibleC. the nature of babiesplay has been thoroughly investigatedD. a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that_.A. scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB. scientists and babies often i
42、nteract with each otherC. babies are born with the knowledge of object supportD. babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3.Children may learn the rules of language by_.A. exploring the physical world B. investigating human psychologyC. repeating their own experiments D. observing their
43、parentsbehaviors4.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babiesplay may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific
44、research may become stronger as he grows.5.What is the authors tone when he discusses the connection between scientistsresearch and babiesplay?A. Convincing. B. Confused. C. Confident. D. Cautious.Passage 4 2016四川，8分词数：259 A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanti
45、ng a good nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off if it is milked from a cow at night. Researchers have discovered that night milk contains more melatonin (褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety. The study, by researchers from Seo
46、ul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the
47、study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to f
48、all asleep at night. Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax. Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least
49、fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.1.According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk _.A. started sleep more easily B. were more anxious C. were less active D. woke up later2.Which of the following is true of melatonin acco
50、rding to the text?A. Its been tested on mice for ten times. B. It can make people more energetic.C. It exists in milk in great amount. D. Its used in sleeping drugs.3.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and Health C. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking
51、and Health4.How does the author support the theme of the text?A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments. C. By explaining statistical data. D. By providing research results.Passage 5 2016江苏，6分词数：396Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their terri
52、tory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laborator
53、y, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chi
54、mps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments wi
55、th very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children
56、. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their gene
57、ral cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimpsdont is what To
58、masello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a we, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1.What can we lea
59、rn from the experiment with chimps?A. Chimps seldom care about othersinterests. B. Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C. Chimps like to take in their neighborsfood. D. Chimps naturally share food with each other.2.Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they _.A. have th
60、e instinct to help others B. know how to offer help to adultsC. know the world better than chimps D. trust adults with their hands full3.The passage is mainly about _.A. the helping behaviors of young children B. ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC. cooperation as a distinctive human natu
61、re D. the development of intelligence in children专题三 生态环保类Passage 1 2016北京，8分词数：357California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now,
62、electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Ari
63、zona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. As they go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So sci
64、entists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
65、Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels o
66、f lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California
67、 condors average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now, he says. They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.1.California condors attract researchers interest because th
68、ey _.A. are active at night B. had to be bred in the wildC. are found only in California D. almost died out in the 1980s2.Researchers have found electrical lines are _.A. blocking condors journey home B. big killers of California condorsC. rest places for condors at night D. used to keep condors awa
69、y3.According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _.A. makes condors too nervous to fly B. has little effect on condors kidneysC. can hardly be gotten rid of from condors blood D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4.This passage shows that _.A. the average survival time of condors is sat
70、isfactoryB. Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC. the efforts to protect condors have brought good resultsD. researchers have found the final answers to the problemPassage 2 2016江苏，8分词数：437 El Nio, a Spanish term for the Christ child, was named by South American fishermen who not
71、iced that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other
72、way round.The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the M
73、idwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve
74、 the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen
75、that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduct
76、ion saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without
77、food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effects and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at l
78、east reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.1.What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a
79、 South American fisherman. B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.2.What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countr
80、ies fall. B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries gains are greater than their losses. D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.3.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _.A. more investment should go to risk reduction B. governments of poor countri
81、es need more aidC. victims of El Nio deserve more compensation D. recovery and reconstruction should come first4.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nio and its origin. B. To explain the consequences of El Nio.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nio. D. To urge p
82、eople to prepare for El Nio.Passage 6 2014湖南，10分词数:319The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre(UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放) by 80 percent by 2
83、050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own though extremely important is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests t
84、hat the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率), which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，explains Katy Janda, a UKERC se
85、nior researcher, consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. In other words, old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers dont have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habi
86、ts. Without specific information, its hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors, could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some
87、 studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension (方面), suggesting that individuals behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted whether people throw open their windows rather than
88、 turn down the thermostat (恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.1.As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of _.A. zero-carbon homes B. the behaviour of
89、 building usersC. sustainable building design D. the reduction of carbon emissions2.The underlined word which in Paragraph 2 refers to _.A. the ways B. their homes C. developments D. existing efforts3.What are Katy Jandas words mainly about? A. The importance of changing building users habits. B. Th
90、e necessity of making a careful building design. C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users. D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.4.The information gap in energy use _.A. can be bridged by feedback facilities B. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about pr
91、oblems for smart meters D. will be caused by building users old habits5.What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered. B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable. D. The behav
92、iour preference of building users is similar.Passage 7 2014浙江，10分词数:422Last summer, two nineteenth-century cottages were rescued from remote farm fields in Montana, to be moved to an Art Deco building in San Francisco. The houses were made of wood. These cottages once housed early settlers as they w
93、orked the dry Montana soil; now they hold Twitter engineers.The cottages could be an example of the industrys odd love affair with low technology , a concept associated with the natural world, and with old-school craftsmanship (手艺) that exists long before the Internet era. Low technology is not virt
94、ual (虚拟的) so, to take advantage of it, Internet companies have had to get creative. The rescued wood cottages, fitted by hand in the late eighteen-hundreds, are an obvious example, but Twitters designs lie on the extreme end. Other companies are using a broader interpretation (阐释) of low technology
95、that focuses on nature.Amazon is building three glass spheres filled with trees, so that employees can work and socialize in a more natural, park-like setting . At Googles office, an entire floor is carpeted in grass. Facebooks second Menlo Park campus will have a rooftop park with a walking trail.
96、Olle Lundberg, the founder of Lundberg Design, has worked with many tech companies over the years. We have lost the connection to the maker in our lives, and our tech engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished (贫乏的), because theyre surrounded by the digital world, he says. Theyre looking for
97、a way to regain their individual identity, and weve found that introducing real crafts is one way to do that. This craft-based theory is rooted in history. William Morris, the English artist and writer, turned back to pre- industrial arts in the eighteen-sixties, just after the Industrial Revolution
98、. The Arts and Crafts movement defined itself against machines. Without creative human occupation, people became disconnected from life, Morris said. Research has shown that natural environments can restore (恢复) our mental capacities. In Japan, patients are encouraged to forest-bathe, taking walks t
99、hrough woods to lower their blood pressure. These health benefits apply to the workplace as well. Rachel Kaplan, a professor of environmental psychology, has spent years researching the restorative effects of natural environments. Her research found that workers with access to nature at the office e
100、ven simple views of trees and flowers felt their jobs were less stressful and more satisfying. If lowtech offices can potentially nourish the brains and improve the mental health of employees then, fine, bring on the cottages.1.The writer mentions the two nineteenth century cottages to show that_.A.
101、 Twitter is having a hard time B. old cottages are in need of protectionC. early settlers once suffered from a dry climate in MontanaD. Internet companies have rediscovered the benefits of low technology2.Low technology is regarded as something that_.A. is related to nature B. is out of date todayC.
102、 consumes too much energy D. exists in the virtual world3.The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that human beings _.A. have destroyed many pre-industrial arts B. have a tradition of valuing arts and craftsC. can become intelligent by learning history D. can regain their individual identity by using machin
103、es4.The writers attitude to low technology can best be described as_.A. positive B. defensive C. cautious D. doubtful5.What might be the best title for the passage?A. Past Glories, Future Dreams. B. The Virtual World, the Real Challenge.C. High-tech Companies, Low-tech Offices. D. The More Craftsman
104、ship, the Less Creativity.Passage 8 2013江西，8分词数:293Going green seems to be a fad （时尚） for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we cant really say, but for the two of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April 22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an ent
105、ire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond the easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.With the idea of going green every single day fo
106、r a year, Our Green Year started. My wife and I decided to educate people about how they could go green in their lives and hoped we could show people all the green things that could be done to help the environment. We wanted to push the message that every little bit helps.Over the course of Our Gree
107、n Year, we completely changed our lifestyles. We now shop at organic（有机的） stores. We consume less meat, choosing green food. We have greatly reduced our buying we dont need. We have given away half of what we owned through websites. Our home is kept clean by vinegar and lemon juice, with no chemical
108、 cleaners. We make our own butter, enjoying the smell of home-made fresh bread. In our home office anyone caught doing something ungreen might be punished.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful for the chance to have been able to go green and educate others. We believe that w
109、e do have the power to change things and help our planet.1.What might be the best title for the passage?A. Going Green B. Protecting the Planet C. Keeping Open Minded D. Celebrating Our Green Year2.It was difficult for the couple to live a green life for the whole year because_.A. they were expected
110、 to follow the green fad B. they didnt know how to educate other peopleC. they were unwilling to reduce their energy D. they needed to perform unusual green tasks3.What did the couple do over the course of Our Green Year?A. They tried to get out of their ungreen habits. B. They ignored others ungree
111、n behavior.C. They chose better chemical cleaners. D. They sold their homemade food.4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The government will give support to the green project. B.The couple may continue their project in the future.C.Some people disagree with the couples green ideas. D.Our Gr
112、een Year is becoming a national campaign.专题四 社会生活类Passage 1 2016北京，8分词数：425Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which ma
113、ny of todays students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependen
114、ce on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the i
115、dea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves trying on new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually (在思维方面) and personally. Wh
116、ile we should provide safe spaces within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体
117、) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for un
118、iversities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking
119、to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for au
120、tonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental impo
121、rtance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving. C. Supportive. D. Neutral.2.The underlined word passage in Paragraph 2 means
122、_.A. change B. choice C. text D. extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A. To develop a shared identity among students. B. To define and regulate students social behavior.C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.D. To foster students intellectual and persona
123、l development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?A. B.C. D.I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点) C:ConclusionPassage 4 2016天津，12.5分词数：394Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.We ex
124、perience this tiredness in two ways: as start-up fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even if not actually physical,
125、 not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply: always handle the most difficult job first.Years ago, I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按
126、字母顺序)，never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started, we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties a
127、ppear so great that, however hard we work, we fail again and again. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can then let the unconscious take over.When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(大英百科全书)， I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been
128、 done before, and day after day I kept coming up with solutions, but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.One day, mentally exhausted, I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not w
129、ith me. Relieved, I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.An hour later, I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before, I felt no fatigue. Suc
130、cess was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.Human beings, I believe, must try to succeed. Success, then, means never feeling tired.1.People with start-up fatigue are most likely to _.A. delay tasks B. work hard C. seek help D. accept failure2.What does the author recommend doing to preve
131、nt start-up fatigue?A. Writing essays in strict order. B. Building up physical strength.C. Leaving out the toughest ideas. D. Dealing with the hardest task first.3.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?A. Before starting a difficult task. B. When all the solutions f
132、ail.C. If the job is rather boring. D. After finding a way out.4.According to the author, the unconscious mind may help us _.A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleepC. gain complete relief D. find the right solution5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Success Is Built upon Fail
133、ure B. How to Handle Performance FatigueC. Getting over Fatigue: A Way to Success D. Fatigue: An Early Sign of Health ProblemsPassage 5 2016浙江，10分词数：415Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday? Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago
134、.Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori arent very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversatio
135、ns are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads informat
136、ion about a topic breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies
137、can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others dont. Similarly, hearing the l
138、atest rumor can make a person feel like part of the in group. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson e
139、xplains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative at
140、tention. The dos and donts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your juicy story might have.1.The author
141、 uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to _.A. introduce a topic B. present an argument C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it _.A. breaks up relationships B. embarrasses the listenerC. spreads information around D.
142、causes unpleasant experiences3.In the authors opinion, many people like to gossip because it _.A. gives them a feeling of pleasure B. helps them to make more friendsC. makes them better at telling stories D. enables them to meet important people4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can _.A. pr
143、ovide students with written rules B. help people watch their own behaviorsC. force schools to improve student handbooks D. attract the polices attention to group behaviors5.What advice does the author give in the passage?A. Never become a gossiper. B. Stay away from gossipers.C. Dont let gossip turn
144、 into lies. D. Think twice before you gossip.专题五 时事新闻类Passage 1 2016北京，8分词数：373Surviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach. Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. Its the ocean tha
145、t makes Rockaway so special, she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the
146、next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, t
147、he men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-ri
148、se buildings.My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me, Natalie says, but I can always choose how I deal with it.Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who l
149、ost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring m
150、uch-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have
151、 been rebuilt. I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway, Natalie declares. My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.1.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found _.A. some friends had lost their lives B. her neighborhood was destroyedC. her school had moved to
152、Brooklyn D. the elderly were free from suffering2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C. The volunteers donating money to survivors. D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.3.How did
153、Natalie help the survivors?A. She gave her toys to other kids. B. She took care of younger children.C. She called on the White House to help. D. She built an information sharing platform.4.What does the story intend to tell us?A. Little people can make a big difference. B. A friend in need is a frie
154、nd indeed.C. East or west, home is best. D. Technology is power.Passage 4 2014四川，8分词数:303A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy, nine, restarted father Colms heart by stamping (踩) on his chest a
155、fter he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.However, she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough, so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie th
156、en took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as
157、 well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.Shes a little star, said Debbie. I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doct
158、or turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that
159、his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest _.A. to express her helplessness B. to practise CPR on himC. to keep him awake D. to res
160、tart his heart2.Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR. Colms heart stoppedA. B. C. D. 3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?A. What Colm suffered. B. Colms present condition.C. What caused Colms allergy. D. Symptoms of Colms allergic reaction.4.
161、Why does the author write the news?A. To describe a serious accident. B. To prove the importance of CPR.C. To report a 9-year-old girls brave act. D. To call peoples attention to allergic reaction.Passage 5 2012全国，8分词数:215ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia One of the worlds most famous fossils (化石) the 3.2 milli
162、on-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, i
163、s a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.Ethiopias rich culture of both the past and today,
164、is one of the best kept secrets in the world, said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not yet been worked out.Traveling with Lucy wil
165、l be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3 1/2-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).1.The author writes this text mainly to _.A. introduce a few U.S. museums B. describe some research workC. discuss
166、 the value of an ape-man D. report a coming event2.What do the words a replica in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of Lucy.C. A copy of the skeleton. D. A written record of Lucy.3.How many cities has Lucys U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D.
167、 Eleven.4.What was the skeleton named after?A. An ape-man.B. A song. C. A singer. D. A camp.专题 六 人物故事类Passage 3 2016北京，6分词数：329December 15,2014Dear Alfred,I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150+ at 17, Im
168、 anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first we
169、bsite. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after high school, but couldnt. So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online
170、 computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer paper, covered in self-written notes from your videos. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all
171、my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the job Data Analyst this month and have been going full steam ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to colleg
172、e, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because Im doing something, not because someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why youre saving my life.Yours,Tanis1.W
173、hy didnt Tanis go to college after high school?A. She had learned enough about computer science. B. She had more difficulty keeping focused.C. She preferred taking online courses. D. She was too slow to learn.2.As for the working environment, Tanis prefers _.A. working by herself B. dealing with the
174、 public C. competing against others D. staying with ADHD students3.Tanis wrote this letter in order to _.A. explain why she was interested in the computer B. share the ideas she had for her professionC. show how grateful she was to the center D. describe the courses she had taken so farPassage 8 201
175、4安徽，8分词数:315You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association,founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫困) and sickness,promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers
176、 seeking to solve (解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The
177、 young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact, it is many young peoples ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project starte
178、d in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhakas streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that
179、80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in they
180、soil over they years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were 14，000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social chang
181、e by changing the way we look at economic development.1.Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. Changemakers B. BusinessmenC. Social Conditions D. Rubbish Problem2.The underlined word them in Paragraph 3 probably refers to _.A. the local farmers B. Masqsood and IftekharC. D
182、rayton and his team D. the poor people in Dhaka3.It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he _.A. considers Draytons concept B. gets permission from AshokaC. tries to improve social conditions D. is a young, happy and healthy adult4.The authors attitude towards As
183、hokas program can be described as _.A. changing B. forgiving C. cautious D. positivePassage 9 2014广东，10分词数:372Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future but with no real idea of what I wanted to do. My degree, with honors, in English literature had not really prepared me
184、for anything practical. I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. Thats when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I
185、knew it would be a lot of hard work, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. In short, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly. Neither did my family.Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork
186、needed for application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for duty. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria. Where? What? Nigeria? I
187、 had no idea. But I was about to find out.After completing my training, I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they offered their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a smal
188、l team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I taught in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no l
189、onger did, though I did not get anywhere with the local language, and I returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.1.What do we know about the author?A. His university education focused on theoretical knowledge.B. His dream at university was to
190、become a volunteer.C. He took pride in having contributed to the world.D. He felt honored to study English literature.2.According to Paragraph 2, it is most likely that the author _.A. discussed his decision with his family B. asked previous volunteers about voluntary workC. attended special trainin
191、g to perform difficult tasks D. felt sad about having to leave his family and friends3.In his application for the volunteer job, the author _.A. participated in many discussions B. went through challenging survival testsC. wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work D. faced strong competition from o
192、ther candidates4.On arrival at the village, the author was _.A. asked to lead a farming team B. sent to teach in a schoolhouseC. received warmly by local villagers D. arranged to live in a separate house5.What can we infer from the author s experiences in Nigeria?A. He found some difficulty adapting
193、 to the local culture.B. He had learned to communicate in the local language.C. He had overcome all his weaknesses before he left for home.D. He was chosen as the most respectable teacher by his students.Passage 10 2013山东，10分词数:348George Gershwin, born in 1898, was one of Americas greatest composers
194、. He published his first song when he was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.Many of Gershwins songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930
195、s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way from jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and or
196、chestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapso
197、dy in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲) with the well-known musician
198、Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家) were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and
199、 boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It still remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front
200、pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.1.Many of Gershwins musical works were _ .A. written about New Yorkers B. composed for Paul WhitemanC. played mainly in the countrysideD. performed in various ways2.What do we know about the concert organized by
201、Whiteman? A. It attracted more people to theatres. B. It proved jazz could be serious music. C. It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra. D. It caused a debate among jazz musicians.3.What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?A. He created one of his best works.B. He studied with Nadia Boulanger.
202、C. He argued with French critics. D. He changed his music style.4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Many of Gershwins works were lost. B. The death of Gershwin was widely reported.C. A concert was held in memory of Gershwin. D. Brain cancer research started after Gershwins death.5.Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A. Talented and productive. B. Serious and boring. C. Popular and unhappy. D. Friendly and honest.
