1、专题十四语法填空20162012年各省市高考题A卷全国卷Passage 1(2016全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_1_(attract)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Ba
2、se, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_2_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be_3_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back_4_my days on a TV show in the
3、mid1980s，_5_I was the first Western TV reporter_6_(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include_7_(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On
4、 my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by_8_(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few_9_( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，_10_other is with mumshe never suspects.【语篇导读】成都有许多百万富翁，亚洲最大的建筑和诱人的宾馆，但作者最喜欢的是“国宝”大熊猫。1attraction考查名词的用法。
5、空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。2was allowed考查动词时态。根据语境及allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态形式。3officially考查副词的用法。修饰谓语动词应当用副词形式。4to考查固定短语。go back to为固定短语，意思是“回到，追溯到”。5when考查副词的用法。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。6permitted考查定语从句关系副词的用法。因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与re
6、porter为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词。7introducing考查动名词的用法。由句子结构可知，introduce作谓语动词include的宾语。而British visitors是introduce这一动作的承受者。故用动名词形式。8its考查物主代词的用法。根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively threemonthold twin可知要用形容词性物主代词。9days考查名词复数。few用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。10the考查固定搭配中冠词的用法。由前文中的关键词twin, one可知这里考查one.the other.(一个另一个)的用法。故答案为the。Pa
7、ssage 2(2016全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of _1_(great)and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _2_ (achieve)Leaving the less important t
8、hings until tomorrow _3_ (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused _4_our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive _5_ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home fee
9、ling accomplished.Recent _6_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_7_(regular)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_8_while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likel
10、y _9_ (bring) your work home.It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is，_10_ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是当我们在工作中感到压力巨大时，应该如何合理释放这些压力。内容涉及处理最重要的事情；上午多做工作；工作期间定期休息等。1greater考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的and less可
11、知，此处也要用比较级形式。2achievement考查名词的用法。介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。3is考查主谓一致和时态。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less.，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。4on考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于，集中于。5as考查固定表达。正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样高效率。固定表达as.as possible尽可能6studies考查名词的复数。根
12、据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。7regularly考查副词的用法。如果我们定期休息的话。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故要用副词形式。8a考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。9to bring考查不定式的用法。固定表达be likely to do.很可能做某事。10make考查祈使句中的动词。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，故谓语要用动词原形。Passage 3(2016全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia，especially t
13、he socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，_1_Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long，thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic，animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might_2_(make)of
14、 gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _3_(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, _4_(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time，_5_the population grew，people
15、 began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which_6_(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_7_lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the_8_(develop)of chopsticks.Co
16、nfucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _9_(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat _10_their hands.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲一些国家中的吃饭工具筷子。1and考查连词。China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam是并列关系。2be made考查语态
17、。根据句意筷子是被制造的。3to create考查动词不定式。作目的状语。4using考查分词。现在分词作状语。5as/when考查连词。as/when“当时，随着”。6gradually考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。7who考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。8development考查名词。此处应用名词作动词的宾语。9were考查时态和动词的数。此处were是与would remind 并列的谓语动词。10with考查介词。固定短语：with ones hands 用某人的手。Passage 4(2015新课标全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词
18、)或括号内单词的正确形式。Yangshuo，ChinaIt was raining lightly when I _1_ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _2_，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with _3_ (it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking
19、the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_ (painting)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _6_ car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.Yangshuo _7_ (be) really beaut
20、iful.A study of travelers _8_ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _9_ (regular) arranges quick getawa
21、ys here for people _10_ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.【语篇导读】桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。作者讲述了从香港去阳朔旅游时的见闻。1arrived考查动词的时态。主句谓语动词使用了过去进行时，根据语境此处要用一般过去时态。2before/earlier考查副词的用法。由语境可知，几个小时之前我还在香港的家中，由此可知before/earlier符合句意。3its考查形容词性物主代词的用法。空格后面有名词smog，故要使用形容词性物主代词。4that/ which考查定语从句关系代词的用法。由句子结构不难判断这是一个定语从句。先行词
22、为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/ which。5paintings考查名词的复数。“so many复数名词”为一常用短语。6by考查介词的固定用法。根据句意可知，这只是驱车一小时的路程。“by交通工具名词”为一固定短语。7is考查主谓一致和动词时态。本段介绍阳朔的自然条件，属客观事实，要用一般现在时，由于主语是单数第三人称形式，因此答案为is。8conducted考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。study与conduct之间为动宾关系，故用表示被动的过去分词形式。此外，by是解题的关键词，conducted by.
23、意为“由所做的”。9regularly考查副词的用法。该词修饰谓语动词arrange，故要用其副词形式。10living考查现在分词短语作后置定语的用法。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式。Passage 5(2015新课标全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings(土坯房)_1_(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _2_ most modern
24、of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _3_(able) to “air condition”a house without _4_(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _5_(slow)during cool nights，thu
25、s warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _6_ (cool) the house during the hot day：_7_ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle _8_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are th
26、us always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As_9_(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_10_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【语篇导读】相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。1built考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间
27、为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。2the考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。3ability考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。4using考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。5slowly考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词give out，因此要用副词形式。6to cool考查固定句式的用法。“形容词enough动词不定式”为一常用句式。7at考查固定短语的用法
28、。at the same time意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。8goes考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原理，故用一般现在时态。9natural考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。10how考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。Passage 6(2014新课标全国)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式Are you facing a situation that looks i
29、mpossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _1_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it _2_(actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of _3_ most outstanding examples of enviro
30、nmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _4_ even a few months.It took years of work _5_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _6_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe yo
31、u have a habit _7_ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _8_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most
32、 of us the _9_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be _10_(patience)【语篇导读】短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，一开始看起来治理它很难，但是经过几个月甚至几年的时间终于变成清澈的小河了。同样的道理，对于我们大多数人一样，做些改变需要的是努力和耐心。1was文章讲的是1969年的事情，故用过去时。2actually修饰动词caught，用副词actually“实际上”。3themost outstanding是
33、最高级，前面需要加the。4or河流不是几天或者几个月里就改变了的，这里两个时间是选择关系，故用or。5to reduce这里考查固定句型：It takes some time to do sth“做某事花费多长时间”。故应填不定式to reduce。6cleaner根据下文than知用形容词的比较级。7that/whichhabit是先行词，故用that/which引导定语从句。8amazing是“令人吃惊的”，用形容词修饰名词stories，而amazed指“人感到吃惊的”，用来修饰人。9changes根据句子的谓语“are”可知主语应为复数。10patient根据空格前系动词“be”可知
34、这里应为形容词。B卷地方卷Passage 1(2016四川)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda_1_(love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists _2_(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very _3_(care)mother.For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find s
35、omething _4_(eat)！She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural _5_(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does._6_it cried，she rocked it back and fort
36、h and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda _7_more than two years.By that time，the panda no longer needed _8_(it)mother for food.However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother _9_(drive)the you
37、ng panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby，_10_it was also time for the young panda to be independent.【语篇导读】本文介绍了大熊猫是怎样养育小宝宝的。1is loved全世界的人都喜欢大熊猫。这里用一般现在时表示现状，panda与love之间为被动关系。2recently修饰动词应用副词形式。3caring/careful作定语应用形容词形式。caring体贴人的，careful细心的。4to eat不定式作定语。5enemies前没有限定词，因此本空应填名词复数形式。6W
38、hen/If如果小熊猫哭了，她来回摇晃它，给它安慰。when既可表示时间也可表示条件。7for妈妈继续照顾年轻的熊猫两年多的时间。for一段时间。8its这里指熊猫的妈妈， 作定语，用物主代词形式。9drove文章主要时态为一般过去时。两年半之后，母亲把小熊猫赶走。10and上下句之间为并列关系。是她有一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。Passage 2(2015福建)阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。Sometimes we have disagreements with pe
39、ople.When this (1)h_， the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument.Here (2)_ my tips for you.The (3)f_thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (4)_ another student who you t
40、hink isnt doing her share of the housework.If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework.(5)_ are you going to do about it？”， the discussion will very soon turn into an argument.Its much more (6)_ (有帮助)to say something like, “I think we had (7)b_have another look about how we divide up
41、 the housework.Maybe there is a better way of dealing with it.”My second piece of (8)a_ is simple.If youre the person who is in the wrong, just admit it! This is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument.Just make an (9)_(道歉), and move on.The other person will have more respect for you (10)_ the
42、 future if you do that.答案1.happens2.are3.first4.with5.What6.helpful/beneficial7.better8.advice9.apology10.inPassage 3(2015湖南)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Research has become both simpler and more complex.Its simpler beca
43、use, _1_ you have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet.For all your information, you dont have to go to _2_ library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it.Instead, you can find some sources from the Internet _3_ print the copies needed.Remember, however
44、, that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is, you _4_ always rely just on the Internet for your research.While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become _5_ complex.There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhel
45、med _6_ the amount of information.You need to learn _7_ to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project.Also, _8_need to check the accuracy of it.【语篇导读】随着电脑和因特网的出现，研究变得既简单又复杂。一方面，我们不必像以往一样在书中搜索资料，这为我们提供了极大的方便；另一方面，网络中众多的资料良莠不齐，选择准确的信息使我们的工作变得愈加复杂。1if考查状语从句。根据句意，如果你有了电脑，
46、你可以通过上网获得所需的信息。2the考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆；in the library 在图书馆。3and考查连词。and 连接并列谓语find和print。4shouldnt考查情态动词。根据上文你应该(should)查阅不同的资料。5more考查形容词比较级。参见上文第一句more complex。6with考查介词。be overwhelmed with 面临，陷入。7how考查疑问词。根据句意，你需要学习如何分类并找到特定任务的相关信息。how to do 是含有疑问词的不定式，在此处作宾语。8you考查代词。参见上文You need to learn
47、 how to sort through.Passage 4(2014广东) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said _1_ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went，we had planned for months.When the day came，w
48、e were ready.After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months _2_(early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _3_(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，_4_ for the week after.I didnt understand _5_ this would happen and my c
49、redit card had already been charged _6_ the reservation.Whats worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out.She was _7_(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _8_ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing
50、room，and we werent charged extra.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach _9_ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little _10_(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理
51、出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。1it在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。2earlier在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早做的事，所以用比较级。3were told由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。4but根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not.but.结构。5why意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。6forcharge.for.是习惯搭配。7surprisingly因本句已有作表语的
52、形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。8the特指“在顶楼”。9where先行词是地点the beach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where (on which and on the beach and there)。10sunburnt/sunburned在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是sunburnt或sunburned。Passage 5(2014福建)阅读下面短文，根据以下提示：1)汉语提示，2)首字母提示，3)语境提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的英语单词
53、，所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not，want not.”None of us，(1)h_，can completely avoid waste in our lives.Any kind of waste is thoughtless.Whether we waste our potential talents，our own time，our limited natural (2)_(资源)，our money，or other peoples time，each of us can become
54、 more aware and careful.The smallest good habits can make a big (3)d_Its a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our (4)b_ in a world that is in serious trouble.By focusing on (5)_(节省)oil，water，paper，food，and clothing，we are playing a part (6)_ cutting down on waste.We must keep reminding
55、(7)_(自己)that it is easier to get into something (8)_ it is to get out of it.Actually，severe damage (9)d_ to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.Its time for us to (10)_ no to waste so that our grandchildrens children will be able to develop well.We cant solve all the problems o
56、f waste，but we can encourage mindfulness.Waste not!答案1.however句意：然而，在我们的生活中，没有人能完全避免浪费。位于句中，前后都有逗号，用副词，所以填however。2resources作waste的宾语，故用名词形式，且用名词复数。3difference句意：最小的好习惯也会起作用。make a difference是固定用法，意思是有影响，起作用。4bestdo ones best是固定用法，意思是尽某人最大的努力。5saving介词on之后用动词的ing形式。6inplay a part in是固定用法，意思是“在中起作用”。
57、7ourselves句意：我们必须不断地提醒我们自己，所以填反身代词ourselves。8than这里进行比较，所以用比较句式，故填than。9done“严重危害”和“作用于”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。10say句意：是时候对“浪费”说不了。It is time for sb to do sth是固定用法，意思是“是时候某人做某事了。”Passage 6(2014湖南)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
58、We can choose our friends，but usually we cannot choose our neighbors.However，to get a happy home life，we have to get along with _1_ as well as possible.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for _2_People should not do things _3_ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.For example，te
59、levision sets need not be played at full volume (音量) _4_ loud pop music should not be played very late at night.By avoiding things likely to upset your neighbors，you can enjoy _5_ friendly relationship with them.An equally important quality is tolerance.Neighbors should do all they can to avoid dist
60、urbing other people，_6_ there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable._7_ neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their tolerance.In this way，everyone will live _8_ peace.【语篇导读】我们可以选择朋友，却无法选择邻居；因此处理好邻里关系至关重要。该篇文章主要说明如何处理好邻里关系。1them根据句式结构此处缺少get along with的宾
61、语，根据上下文句意所填词汇应是前文提到的neighbors，故用代词them。2others根据句式结构此处缺少介词for的宾语，应填名词或代词，根据下文意思可以总结出“好邻居的重要品质是为他人着想”，故填others。3that/which分析结构可知此句中需要填的是定语从句的引导词，先行词是things指物，在从句中做主语，故用that/which。4and此处缺少连词，根据句意可知上下文是并列加顺延的关系，故用and。5a此处考查冠词。relationship此处作可数名词，且第一次出现，用a。6but此处缺少连词。根据语境：“邻居们应该尽其所能避免打搅别人，但有时一些搅扰是不可避免的”。此处上下文是转折关系，故用but。7If/When此处缺少连词。根据句意：“如果邻居们想要和睦相处他们应互相忍让。”所填词汇应能引导条件状语或时间状语从句，故用If或When。8in此处考查固定短语的介词搭配。根据句意，这样，大家都能和平共处，故用in，“in peace”和平地。