1、课时素养评价九 Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas. 单句语法填空1. Peel fell from his horse and was badly injured (injure). 2. The original (origin) picture is worth 1, 000 dollars. 3. The cure for stress lies in learning to relax. 4. A horse was attached to a post. 5. The book opens with an account of
2、the ins and the outs of the event. 6. In the first instance your child will be seen by an ear, nose, and throat specialist. 7. The workers declared for the offer of increased pay and holidays. 8. Who is the conductor (conduct) of tonights concert? 9. These figures give a view of the significance (si
3、gnificant) for the local economy. 10. Measure the room as accurately (accurate) as possible. . 完成句子1. The teacher, along with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend. 老师打算这个周末与所有学生一起去野餐。2. Anne raised her voice in order to be heard. 为了让人能听得见, 安妮提高了嗓门。3. Neither you nor he knows the
4、answer. 你和他都不知道答案。4. Although he is rich, he is not happy. 他虽然有钱, 但并不快乐。5. I just wonder what makes him so excited. 我只是想知道什么使他如此兴奋。. 阅读理解A (2019南平高一检测)US Space Agency Returns to Mars with InSight LanderThe American space agencys lander InSight is to arrive on Mars at the end of November, 2018. Unlik
5、e NASAs Curiosity rover, InSight will not move across the planets surface. Instead it will become the first spacecraft (航天器) used only for exploring underground. It will study the geography of Mars, searching for signs of Martian (火星的) quakes. InSight is a project of U. S. and Europe. It is 6 meters
6、 long and 1. 5 meters wide. It weighs 360 kilograms. InSights 1. 8-meter robotic arm will put two experiments in place. Both are designed to explore underground of Mars to learn about the inside. Bruce Banerdt is the lead scientist for InSight. He viewed the spacecraft as a robot that can take care
7、of itself. “Its got its own brain. Its got an arm. It can listen and feel things. It pulls its own power out of the sun, ”he noted. Thomas Zurbuchen, one of the heads in NASA, said the results of the InSight project could “change the way we think about the inside of our earth. ” But, first, InSight
8、will have to land on Mars undamaged. Since Mars exploration started in the 1960s, only about 40 percent of the explorations have succeeded. Tom Hoffman is InSights project manager. He said earlier successes do not lessen the concerns for each new exploration. “That weve done it before doesnt mean we
9、re not nervous and excited about doing it again, ” he said. InSight will enter the Martian atmosphere (大气层) traveling at 19, 800 kilometers an hour. It will slow for landing on a wide flat area on Mars. If all goes well, InSight could carry out its experiments in about 10 weeks. The InSight project
10、is expected to continue for one Martian year, about two years on Earth. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了美国航天局发射最新火星探测器InSight Lander, 对火星的地基结构做一个全面的分析。1. What is the difference between InSight and NASAs Curiosity rover ? A. The size. B. The design. C. The speed. D. The task. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段Unlike NAS
11、As Curiosity rover, InSight will not move across the planets surface. 与美国宇航局的好奇号探测车不同, InSight不会在火星表面移动, 可知, InSight与好奇号探测车的任务不同。2. What can we learn from the passage? A. InSight travels at an unchanged speed. B. InSight is the project of America and Japan. C. InSight has the functions (功能) of a rob
12、ot. D. InSight is mainly powered by the natural gas. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段He viewed the spacecraft as a robot that can take care of itself. “Its got its own brain. Its got an arm. It can listen and feel things. It pulls its own power out of the sun, ” he noted. 可知, InSight有自己的大脑, 有胳膊, 可以听和感觉东西, 是一个可以
13、自己照顾自己的机器人。3. What will be one of the contributions (贡献) of the InSight project according to Zurbuchen? A. It will help us understand the geography of Mars. B. It will change the way we think about the inside of the earth. C. It will help carry out more experiments on Mars. D. It will get more infor
14、mation about the reasons for Mars quakes. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段Thomas Zurbuchen, one of the heads in NASA, said the results of the InSight project could “change the way we think about the inside of our earth. ”可知, 托马斯祖布臣表示, InSight项目的成果可能“改变我们思考地球内部的方式”。4. What is Hoffmans attitude towards this explo
15、ration of the InSight? A. Confident. B. Satisfied. C. Concerned. D. Frightened. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第五段Tom Hoffman is InSights project manager. He said earlier successes do not lessen the concerns for each new exploration. “That weve done it before doesnt mean were not nervous and excited about doing i
16、t again, ” he said. 可知, Tom Hoffman说早期的成功并没有减轻对每一次新勘探的担忧。B(2019宿迁高一检测)Imagine a relay race. During this race, an athlete holds a stick as he runs a certain distance. Then he passes the stick to the next runner. That person runs faster, and then passes the stick to a third runner. Now imagine that th
17、e runners do not pass a stick. Instead they pass shiny silk, as well as gold, fruit, and glass. Imagine that the race does not move forward in just one direction. Instead the runners go back and forth along a road. They trade goods all along this route (路线) and at each end of it. Now imagine that th
18、e runners are businessmen. They lead caravans (商队) or lines of camels that carry things to sell. They travel on the ancient Silk Road to earn their living. The Silk Road was a complex trade network. It passed through thousands of cities and towns. It stretched from eastern China, across central Asia
19、 and the Middle East, to the Mediterranean Sea. Businessmen traveled on the Silk Road from about 200 B. C. to about 1300 A. D. Then sea travel began to offer new routes. Some people called the Silk Road the worlds longest highway. However, the Silk Road included many routesnot just one smooth path.
20、The routes ran through mountains and across deserts. They passed through an area that now includes 18 countries. The Silk Road had many dangers. These dangers ranged from hot sun and deep snow to thieves and wars. Only expert traders could survive. The Silk Road got its name from its most prized goo
21、ds. People used silk as money. They could pay taxes or buy goods with it. Traders carried more than just silk, though. They had gold, silver, and glass from Europe. People in the Middle East and Asia wanted these things. Businessmen also took horses from flat, grassy areas in central Asia and brough
22、t them to China and other areas. The horses changed the way people farmed and ran their armies. Indian businessmen traded salt and rare, beautiful stones. Chinese merchants traded medicine and china. They also traded paper, which quickly replaced animal skins in the west. Businessmen carried apples
23、from central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to combine different trees to create new kinds of fruit. They taught this science to others, such as the Romans. The Romans began to grow apples for food. The Silk Road led to worldwide commerce 2, 000 years before the World Wide Web. The people alo
24、ng the Silk Road did not share only goods. They also shared beliefs. Monks, priests, and other faith leaders taught their religions to others. The Silk Road created pathways for knowledge, diplomacy, and religion. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸之路的历史以及意义。5. People turned to the sea for new routes after around
25、 1300 A. D. because _. A. the Silk Road included many routesB. the Silk Road passed through many areasC. people traveled on the Silk Road for too longD. there were more dangers along the Silk Road【解析】选D。细节理解题。答案定位在第二段The Silk Road had many dangers. These dangers ranged from hot sun and deep snow to
26、thieves and wars. Only expert traders could survive. (丝绸之路有许多危险。这些危险从烈日和大雪到小偷和战争。只有有经验的贸易商才能生存下来。)可知公元1300年以后, 人们转向大海寻找新的航线因为丝绸之路有更多的危险, 故选D。6. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the word “prized” in Paragraph 3? A. appropriateB. preservedC. valuableD. useful【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据下文People
27、used silk as money. They could pay taxes or buy goods with it. Traders carried more than just silk, though. They had gold, silver, and glass from Europe. 可知人们交易的都是很珍贵的商品。由此推知画线词所在的句子意思是“丝绸之路”得名于它最珍贵的商品, “prized”的意思是珍贵的, A. appropriate适当的; B. preserved保存的; C. valuable有价值的; D. useful有用的, 故选C。7. Which
28、of the following statements is WRONG? A. The Silk Road helped spread religions to more people. B. The Silk Road gave people the idea to build highways. C. Some people probably died while travelling. D. Westerners probably used to write on animal skins. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段They also shared beliefs. Mo
29、nks, priests, and other faith leaders taught their religions to others. (他们也分享信仰。僧侣、牧师和其他宗教领袖向他人传授他们的宗教。)排除A; 根据第二段Only expert traders could survive. 可知有些人可能在旅行中死亡, 排除C; 根据第三段Chinese merchants traded medicine and china. They also traded paper, which quickly replaced animal skins in the west. (中国商人买卖
30、药品和瓷器。他们还交换纸张, 这很快就取代了西方的兽皮。)由此推断出西方人可能曾经在兽皮上写字, 排除D, 故选B。8. In which column of a newspaper can we most probably read the article? A. Science. B. Travel. C. Sports. D. Culture. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。这篇文章主要介绍了丝绸之路的历史, 所以这篇文章最可能出现在报纸的文化专栏。. 阅读填句根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2019张家口高一检测)The Science
31、 of Earthquakes1The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces. These are called tectonic plates (构造板块). When two plates suddenly slip past one another, an earthquake happens. This shakes the ground and everything on it. What causes earthquakes and where do they happen? 2 They are inner c
32、ore, outer core, mantle (地幔) and the earths crust (地壳). The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thick skin on the surface of the planet. But this skin is not all in one piece. It is actually made up of many tectonic plates. They are like puzzle pieces. These pieces are always sliding around an
33、d bumping into each other. Sometimes their edges get stuck together. When this happens, the rest of the plate keeps moving. Eventually the edges come unstuck. 3. Why does the earth shake when there is an earthquake? Earthquakes send out waves in all directions. When they reach the earths surface, th
34、ey shake the ground. 4 The P wave squeezes and stretches the earth. The S wave shakes it up and down. 5Scientists use special tools to record and measure earthquakes. These tools are called seismographs. Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took place. They can a
35、lso tell scientists the size of an earthquake. A. How are earthquakes recorded? B. That is when an earthquake happens. C. There are different types of earthquake waves. D. What is an earthquake? E. The earth has four main layers (层). F. Can scientists predict earthquakes? G. Scientists can tell wher
36、e an earthquake took place by studying the P and S waves. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了关于地震的一些知识。1. 【解析】选D。由“The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces. These are called tectonic plates. When two plates suddenly slip past one another, an earthquake happens. This shakes the ground and everythi
37、ng on it. ”可知, 地球表面被分成不同的部分。这些被称为构造板块。当两个板块突然擦肩而过时, 就会发生地震。这震动了地面和上面的一切事物。所以本段在向读者解释地震是什么, 小题1是本段的标题。故D选项“地震是什么”符合句意。2. 【解析】选E。由“They are inner core, outer core, mantle and the earths crust”可知, 它们是内核、外核、地幔和地壳。所以小题2要总说“地球有四个主要层”。故E选项“地球有四个主要层”符合句意。3. 【解析】选B。由“These pieces are always sliding around an
38、d bumping into each other. Sometimes their edges get stuck together. When this happens, the rest of the plate keeps moving. Eventually the edges come unstuck. ”可知, 这些碎片总是四处移动, 互相碰撞。有时它们的边缘会卡在一起。当这种情况发生的时候, 剩下的板块继续移动。最终边缘会松脱。所以以上这些都在说明小题3所要总结性表达的内容那就是地震发生的时候。故B选项“那就是地震发生的时候”符合句意。4. 【解析】选C。由“The P wav
39、e squeezes and stretches the earth. The S wave shakes it up and down. ”可知, 纵波挤压并拉伸地球。横波上下摇动地球。所以小题4要总说“地震波有不同的类型”。然后再具体说明。故C选项“地震波有不同的类型”符合句意。5. 【解析】选A。由“Scientists use special tools to record and measure earthquakes. These tools are called seismographs. Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took place. They can also tell scientists the size of an earthquake. ”可知, 科学家使用特殊工具记录和测量地震。这些工具被称为地震仪。地震仪的记录告诉科学家地震发生的时间和地点。它们还可以告诉科学家地震的强弱。所以本段主要在讨论地震是如何被记录的, 小题5是本段的标题。故A选项“地震是如何被记录的”符合句意。