1、课时提能练(三十四).阅读理解(2019济南市针对性训练)The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in origin，derived from the Greek word pktos meaning solid or clotted.The ancient Greeks covered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.The first major innovation that led to flatbread pi
2、zza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast-based flatbread，and so the pizza began.While it is difficult to say for sure who invented the pizza，it is however believed that modern pizza was first made by baker Raffaele Esp
3、osito of Naples.In fact，a popular urban legend holds that the archetypal(原型的) pizza，Pizza Margherita，was invented in 1890，when the Royal Palace of Capodimonte asked the Neapolitan pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito to create a pizza in honor of the visiting Queen Margherita.Of the three different pizzas he
4、 created，the Queen strongly preferred a pie wrapped in the colors of the Italian flag：red (tomato)，green (basil)，and white(mozzarella)Supposedly，this kind of pizza was then named after the Queen as Pizza Margherita.Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world：The first pizzeria，Antic
5、a Pizzeria PortAlba，was opened in 1830 in Naples.In North America，the first pizzeria was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi at 53 Spring Street in New York City.The first Pizza Hut，the chain of pizza restaurants appeared in the United States in 1958.Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，a
6、long with several dish variants based upon pizza.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了比萨的历史渊源。1Whats mainly talked about in the text?AWays of making pizza.BThe history of pizza.CVarieties of pizza.DStories about pizza.B主旨大意题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy，but the word pizza is Greek in orig
7、in”以及文章的整体内容可知，本文主要介绍了比萨的历史起源。2What can replace the underlined word “derived” in Paragraph 1?ASeparated.BAdapted.COriginated.DTransformed.C词义猜测题。根据第一段的“The modern pizza was originally invented in Naples，Italy”可知，此处说的是比萨起源于希腊单词“pktos”，故画线词意为“发源，开始”，故选C。3How was pizza first started?AAncient Greeks cov
8、ered their bread with oils，herbs and cheese.BPeople in Naples added tomatoes to their bread as a topping.CRaffaele Esposito wrapped a pie in the colors of the Italian flag.DQueen Margherita awarded her name to pizza in the Royal Palace.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“The first major innovation that led to flatbrea
9、d pizza was the use of tomato as a topping.It was common for the poor of the area around Naples to add tomatoes to their yeast-based flatbread，and so the pizza began”可知，那不勒斯人先在面包上用西红柿作为配料，由此开创了比萨这种食品，故选B。4What can be learned from the text?APizza remains popular around the world.BThe first Pizza Hut
10、was opened in Naples.CThe taste of pizza stays the same over time.DGennaro Lombardi was the first to make pizza.A细节理解题。根据文中的“Later，the dish has become popular in many parts of the world”和“Nowadays，many varieties of pizza exist worldwide，along with several dish variants based upon pizza”可知，比萨现在在全世界依然
11、很受欢迎，故选A。.语法填空(2019银川检测)Rajesh Naik 1 (transform) 120 acres of wasteland into an organic farm，providing an 2. (inspire)example of the efforts to create a large lake.“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land, 3 hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water.Pe
12、ople thought it was impossible to farm this land and 4 I was throwing away my career.However，I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，”says Rajesh.It took a lot of financial resources and time 5 (create) the lake，which is enough to irrigate(灌溉) the whole farm.This has n
13、ot only encouraged plant 6 (grow) in the area，but also helped in increasing the water table(地下水位) in the surrounding areas 7 the farm.Besides growing fruit and vegetables，Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has 8. (many) than 200 cows.“If this model 9 (carry) out in every part of the country，t
14、he whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture 10. (total) based on organic farming.What is important is the will of people and the support from the government.”says Rajesh.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Rajesh Naik把120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场的过程及其对未来的期望。1has transformed 考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“prov
15、iding an (inspire)example of the efforts to create a large lake”可知，此处为过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时，即Rajesh Naik已经把120英亩的荒地变成了一个有机农场。2inspiring 考查非谓语动词。为创造一个大型湖泊的努力提供了一个鼓舞人心的例子。根据语境可知，此处用现在分词作定语，意为“鼓舞人心的”。3where 考查定语从句。坚硬的岩石结构使其难以蓄水。分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，又根据语境可知用where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。4that 考查连接词。人
16、们认为耕种这片土地是不可能的，我正在浪费我的事业，分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，若动词后有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，第二个和后面几个从句的that不能省略，所以此处应填that。5to create 考查非谓语动词。建成这个湖需要花费大量的财政资源和时间，此处it takes(sb.)时间/金钱to do sth.为固定结构，其中动词不定式为真正的主语。6growth 考查名词。这不仅促进了该地区植物的生长，而且也提高了农场周边地区的地下水位。根据语境可知此处用名词growth意为“生长”。7of 考查介词。参见上题解析。根据语境可知the farm与the surrounding are
17、as为所属关系，所以用of所有格。8more 考查形容词比较级。Rajesh还创办了一个有200多头奶牛的牛奶场。此处more than意为“超过”，为固定结构。9is carried 考查动词的时态及语态。根据语境可知，此处主语model与动词carry之间为被动关系；空处所在句描述的是将来的情况，又因为在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。10totally 考查副词。此处修饰动词短语based on，用副词。.读后续写阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。When I was 12 years old，I wa
18、s asked to leave Sunday School.Our teachers had sat all the students down that day in the basement of the churchThey handed us pens and paper and instructed us to write letters to men serving their sentences in the prison.We would ask the prisoners to accept Jesus into their hearts and mend their wa
19、ys.I was in the 8th grade，and all I wanted was to be invisible.I didnt want to be prettier，smarter，or differentI just wanted to disappear suddenly.I was always attracted towards the corners of a room，avoiding eye contact，keeping as still as possible，and avoiding speaking at all costs.That morning，th
20、ough，I had to speak up.I refused to write a letter to a man Id never met，who happened to live in a prison，so I told them it was no business of mine.This was very difficult for me，but behind my nervousness and fear，I was sure about what I said.They asked me to sit in the hallway until my mother came
21、for me.My mom wasnt angry，and I wasnt in trouble，but after that，she had a hard time persuading me to go to church.For years，I existed happily with minimal spiritual intervention (干涉)But nine years ago，I felt forced to go back.I was six months pregnant，and I woke up one day with a ready heart，a willi
22、ngness to listen，and a desire for communityfor myself and for my child.My mom had been attending a local Quaker meeting for about a year，and I followed her closely.It was a modern meeting，with a choir，benches，and a collection plate.They still honored old traditions with a period of silent worship，wh
23、en everyone sat in thoughtful silence，speaking only when deeply moved to speakI sat in my bench with my hands on my belly，listening to that thick meaningful silence，and I felt comforted and still.注意：1所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Event
24、ually，I found my way to a much smaller meeting，where I knew the names of everyone present. Paragraph 2：At work，I am more appreciative of the stories people tell me. 【参考范文】Paragraph 1：Eventually，I found my way to a much smaller meeting，where I knew the names of everyone present. In our meeting room，b
25、enches are arranged to face one another，and we sing songs together.During silent worship，the periods of silence are interrupted with someone speaking of something close to their heart.If an idea，a joy，or a concern occurs to you，you are encouraged to say it.On two occasions，I have been moved to speak
26、 and have been shocked at the strength of my own voice.As I am growing into stillness，I have been using a different way.When I get nervous，I encourage other people to tell their own stories.Paragraph 2：At work，I am more appreciative of the stories people tell me. At home，I hear about the worlds of my children.I take the time to learn how their worlds work before I offer advice.It feels like we are learning how to listen to one another; now I recognize the church as a quiet place with much freedom of speaking.Honoring others statements has helped me prove my own.