1、课时提能练(十五).阅读理解A(2019新疆适应性测试)Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago.The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding，especially in the regions subway system.Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.In New York City alone，Superstor
2、m Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage.Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates(通风栅)Those metal grills usually lie at ground level.When the system is shut down ahead of a flood，engineers try to cover those grates with plywood(胶合板) and sandbags.But t
3、he flooding often washes away those measures，which allows water to flow into the tunnels.Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money.Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes.That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money，too.Kyle an
4、d Raymond came up with a different，less expensive idea.They designed a metal grate with a builtin，adjustable cover.When trains are running，one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air.But when the system is shut down，that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.Their grate is
5、the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.Their design includes tamperproof features，which can prevent operation mistakes.They make sure that people dont intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions.For people w
6、ith the proper key，it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。1Whats the second paragraph mainly about?AThe steps to operate grates.BThe measures to prevent flood.CThe function of plywood
7、and sandbags.DThe disadvantage of present subway system.D段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。2Which of the following words best describes the two teens new invention?ACostly. BTimesaving.CPractical. DConventional.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句“Their
8、 grate is the same size as the grates used now.So，it would be simple，they say，to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。3Whats the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?ATo replace the old grate correctly.
9、BTo close the grate ahead of a flood.CTo ensure airflow in normal conditions.DTo stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.C细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。4Where does the text most probably come from?AA news report.BAn adventurous story.CAn introduction
10、to new equipment.DA guidebook to making grates.A文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。B(2019新疆适应性检测)Emma Watson entered our lives as the perfect Hermione Granger in 2001，and 16 years later，were just as much in love with this charming，intelligent British girl，as ever.
11、You may or may not be a Potter head，but a lot of people are charmed by Emma Watsons perfection.Despite being a star performer at the young age of 11，shes never gone the Hollywoodspoiledchild route.In fact，she made all attempts to stay as normal as possible.She said，“Ignoring fame was my rebellion，in
12、 a funny way.I was insistent on being normal and doing normal things.It probably wasnt advisable to go to college in America and room with a complete stranger.And it probably wasnt wise to share a bathroom with eight other people in a dormitory.Looking back，I think that was crazy.”She added，“I was v
13、ery welleducated.My dad paid for me to go to a very good school，so I worked hard every single day at that school to make him proud of me.And I did，and I still do.”If we had to imagine what Hermione Granger would have grown up to be like，we would say shed be the Emma Watson of the Potter universe bec
14、ause there really is no way to separate the two.In the last few years，Emma has added more feathers to her cap than we imagined being humanly possible，which include actor，scholar，model and UN Women Goodwill Ambassador.In her role as a UN Women Goodwill Ambassador，shed supported powerful causes to the
15、 best of her ability and brought them all the attention they deserve.Emma Watson gave us the most accurate description of our favorite girl from the Potter universe.“Young girls are told you have to be a delicate princess.Hermione taught them that you can be a warrior.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了哈利波特系列电影中女
16、主角赫敏格兰杰的饰演者Emma Watson在11岁成名之后，仍然过着普通的生活。5After Emma Watson became an actress，she .Afollowed the Hollywood child routeBhad a preference for a normal lifeCbecame rebellions in a funny wayDwent to a good college insteadB细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“In fact，she made all attempts to stay as normal as possible”可知，在Em
17、ma Watson成名之后，实际上，她在努力保持正常，故本题选B。6What does the author mean by saying“Emma has added more feathers to her cap”in Para.4?AEmma has earned more titles.BEmma wears a cap with feathers.CEmma is expert designing caps.DEmma has been more absorbed in her job.A句意理解题。根据第四段第二句中的“which include actor，scholar，mo
18、del and UN Women Goodwill Ambassador”可知，她获得了很多头衔，故选A。7What can be the best title for the text?AEmma Watson：You Can Be the Best ActressBEmma Watson：You Can Be a WarriorCThe Way to Be a Delicate PrincessDThe Way to Be a Good PerformerB标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Emma Watson虽然已经功成名就，但仍然坚持过普通的生活。再结合最后一段中的“Hermi
19、one taught them that you can be a warrior”可知，本题选B。8Whats the authors attitude to Emma Watson?ACritical. BObjective.CCautious. DAppreciative.D推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在文中多处表达了对Emma Watson的欣赏，故选D。.完形填空(2019日照检测)One small mistake changed Sonias life.Now she is 1 and tries not to miss any opportunities that come
20、to her way.One day，Sonia walked 2 a little boy，who wanted to buy crayons(彩色蜡笔)，but he couldnt 3 them.He looked sad when he saw the money in Sonias hand. 4 she didnt realize he was in 5 of help at all.Sonia ignored him and 6 on her way home.After reaching home，she told everything to her brother Gur.G
21、ur told Sonia，“God had given you a(n) 7 to help a boy，but you 8 it.Theres a possibility that God was 9 you；maybe today would have become your big day of your life.”Hearing Gurs words，Sonia 10 back to the shop to find the boy but time never 11 for anyone.Sonia got disappointed and returned home，conti
22、nuously 12 at herself.Why didnt it come into her mind what Gur had 13 ？“Chances are everywhere，and all you need to do is 14 them because they dont always show up，”said Gur.Now what Sonia has missed is a chance that she can only 15 .On that day Sonia learnt the biggest 16 in her life.Actually not onl
23、y Sonia，but many of us ignore the chance of helping in 17 ways because we always run after bigger ones.However，big opportunities do come but not every day.Therefore， 18 small ones so that you cant miss big ones.Sonia also 19 to wait for big opportunities，but now she knows that with small opportuniti
24、es she can make big 20 in her life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公Sonia在错失一次帮助他人的机会后，受到哥哥启发，从而意识到要不断练习抓住小的机会帮助别人来改变自己的生活的故事。这也告诉我们，行善无论大小，有机会就要及时抓住。1A.attentive BoptimisticCenthusiastic DfortunateA根据空后的“and tries not to miss any opportunities that come to her way”可知，Sonia现在很专注，尽力不去错过任何她遇到的机会。attentive“专心的”；op
25、timistic“乐观的”；enthusiastic“热情的”；fortunate“幸运的”。2A.through Bby Cover DupB根据语境可知，此处表示Sonia从一位小男孩身旁走过。by“经过”。3A.arrange Bafford Coffer DgainB根据“who wanted to buy crayons(彩色蜡笔)”及下文可知，小男孩想买彩色蜡笔，但是买不起。arrange“安排”；afford“买得起”；offer“主动提供”；gain“获得，得到”。4A.Thus BBesides CBut DAndC根据上下文可知，空处表示转折。此处表示小男孩需要帮助，但是S
26、onia并未意识到，故But符合语境。5A.favor Bhonor Cneed DsearchC参见上题解析。in favor of“支持”；in honor of“为了纪念”；in need of“需要”；in search of“寻找”。6A.remained BhurriedChesitated DcontinuedDSonia没有理睬小男孩，继续走自己的路。continue“继续”符合语境。remain“仍然是”；hurry“赶快”；hesitate“犹豫”。7A.direction BdutyCurge DopportunityD根据文意可知，此处指上帝给了你一个机会去帮助小男孩，
27、但是你却错过了。direction“方向”；duty“责任”；urge“强烈的欲望”；opportunity“机会”。8A.doubted BmissedCpassed DmistookB参见上题解析。9A.punishing BsavingCtesting DrefusingC上帝可能在(通过这个机会)测试你。test“测验，考查”符合语境。10A.stepped BmovedCjumped DrushedDSonia听到哥哥的话后有所感悟，故应用“跑回去”来突出她此时急于弥补错过的机会的心情。step“踩，迈步”；move“移动”；jump“跳跃”；rush“急速移动”。11A.longs
28、 Banswers Callows DwaitsD根据“to find the boy”及“Sonia got disappointed”可知，Sonia没有找到小男孩，因此此处表示时间不等(waits)人。下文中的“wait for big opportunities”也是提示。long“渴望”；answer“回答”；allow“允许”。12A.angry Bhard Csurprised DcrazyA由上文可知，Sonia第一次忽略了小男孩而没有帮他，再次回去也没有找到他，所以生自己的气。be angry at sb.“生某人的气”。13A.considered BorderedCrea
29、lized DlearntC为什么她没有想到Gur所意识到的事呢？此处指Sonia的自责和后悔。realize“意识到”。14A.strike Bgrab Cenjoy DfindB机会随处都有，但你要抓住(grab)机会。strike“打，击，撞”。15A.regret Bupset Cexperience DforgetA现在Sonia所错过的是一个她只能后悔的(帮助别人的)机会。故用regret“懊悔”。16A.problem BchanceCwisdom DlessonD那天她学到她生命中最大的一个教训(lesson)。17A.precious Bsmall Ceasy Deffici
30、entB实际上，不仅Sonia，我们很多人都会忽视从小的方面去帮助别人，因为我们总是追求更大的方面的机会。18A.add BsupplyCobserve DpracticeD练习小的机会，这样你就不会错过大的机会了。practice“练习”符合语境。add“增加”；supply“提供”；observe“观察，庆祝，遵守”。19A.wanted BwishedCused DaccustomedCSonia过去也常常等待大的机会，但是现在她知道了小的机会也能使她的生活有大的变化。此处表示过去和现在的对比，故选C项。20A.sense BchangesCfortune DdealsB参见上题解析。sense“意义”；change“改变”；fortune“机会，运气”；deal“协议”。