1、题型组合训练二十（A）阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2016课标全国)You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been he
2、lped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Cars
3、on(19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra
4、Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during
5、her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks(19132005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the
6、 civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,”said Parks. 1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her community background.2.What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?A.Her lack o
7、f proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson.C.Sandra Day OConnor.D.Rosa Parks.4.What can we infer about the wo
8、men mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers. D.They are peace-lovers.答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在各个领域做出杰出贡献的伟大女性。1.A事实细节题。根据文章第二段第一句和第二句可知Jane Addams帮助穷人,为和平而努力,做出了很大的贡献,因此判断选A项。B项“她的教学技能”。C项“她得奖的努力”。D项“她的社区背景”。这三项文中均未提及。2.C事实细节题。根据文章第四段第一
9、句可知:Sandra Day OConnor 1952年在斯坦福法学院毕业之后,因为是一位女士而不能在律师事务所找到工作,由此可判断当时社会对妇女的歧视,故选C项。A项,根据文中信息“她从法学院毕业”可知她不缺乏法律的培训。B项,她法庭经验的缺乏不是找不到工作的理由,原因是她是妇女。D项,贫穷的经济状况,文中未提及。discrimination n.歧视。3.D事实细节题。根据文章第五段第四句中的kicked off the civil-rights movement可判断Rosa Parks为民权运动做出了贡献,故选D项。其他三项均和民权运动无关。4.C推理判断题。根据全文中四名女士在不同领
10、域做出的贡献可知,她们是自己领域中的先锋人物,故选C项。A项,文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B项,显然几人均和创造性无关。D项,只有一人的贡献与和平有关。B(2017课标全国)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain. H
11、owever, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground. When Iarrived, I saw a 2- to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine. If I could locate the
12、 nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it qui
13、ckly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information a
14、s possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And i
15、t was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of allLUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.5.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.C
16、reatures forced out of their homes.6.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.7.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.8.How would the author feel about the outcome
17、of the event? A.Its unexpected.B.Its beautiful.C.Its humorous. D.Its discouraging.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,讲述了一位志愿者成功救助一只落到地上的猫头鹰雏鸟的故事。作者为猫头鹰雏鸟编织了一个鸟巢放在树上,并请人播放猫头鹰雏鸟叫声的录音,最终成功引回猫头鹰雏鸟的父母来照顾它。5.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain”可知,拯救野生生物的工作有时令人心碎,因为动物不一定能活下来,也就是说可能会徒劳无功,由此可知答案为A项。B:在工
18、作中受伤;C:对未来不确定;D:生物会被迫离开栖息地。以上三项在文中均未被提及,故全部排除。6.C事实细节题。根据第二段中的 “She had found a young owl on the ground.”和第三段中的“I examined the chick and it seemed fine.”可知,作者接到一位居住在Muttontown的妇女的电话,于是赶过去看看这只雏鸟的情况。选项C中的“look at(检查)”与文中的“examined”相对应,故答案为C项。7.A事实细节题。题干中的“calm down”是关键词。文中第四段指出作者把雏鸟放进特意为它做的鸟巢后,它很快安静了下
19、来,由此可知新的鸟巢使雏鸟平静了下来,故答案为A项。其他选项的信息是故事发展到后期出现的,故排除。8.B推理判断题。短文的最后三句描写作者看到巢中的小猫头鹰十分健康、活跃,最令人喜悦的是它的父母给它觅来了午餐。由此可以推断小猫头鹰今后也将得到其父母悉心的照料。作者对事件结局的感受通过“the greatest sight”表现出来,与文章第一段中的“beautiful”相呼应。因此,答案应为B项。C(2018山西太原3月模拟)Today we talk about a time when half the world is waking from the dark, cold winter m
20、onths. Spring! We often describe “spring” as a time of rebirth, renewal and awakening. Many trees are blossoming and early flowers are pushing through the earth. Things are coming to life!But the word “spring” is not just a season. It is also a verb that means something going on or coming out quickl
21、y. When you put “spring” and “life” together, you will get “spring to life”. This expression means something suddenly becomes very active or perhaps seems more alive! You may “spring to life” after hearing that a distant friend will be visiting you. Or maybe your favorite soccer team finally “sprang
22、 to life” in the second half, played well and won the match.Now, besides being a season and a verb, the noun “spring” refers to a metal coil (线圈) that is wound tightly. When the coil unwinds, it often jumps. So, we often say a person “has a spring in his step” if he is lively and active. He might ev
23、en appear to jump, or bounce a little when he walks.There is another way we use “spring” as a description. In the case of a “spring chicken”, “spring” means young. However, “spring chicken” is also an informal and humorous way to refer to someone who is young. So, we use this expression in the negat
24、ive form, as in “no spring chicken”. For example, lets say you know an 85-year-old man who decides to run a marathon, even though he has never exercised before. You could say, “Thats amazing! After all, hes no spring chicken.”But be careful when using this expression. It could be a little disrespect
25、ful. Lets say your boss shows you a picture of his wife, and you say, “Wow, shes no spring chicken.” That response would be disrespectful and a bad career move.9.What does “spring” mean in the expression “spring to life”?A.The season after winter.B.Being young and healthy.C.A tightly wound metal coi
26、l.D.To occur or appear quickly.10.What is the passage mainly about?A.The origin of the word “spring”.B.The meaning of the season “spring”.C.Some expressions with the word “spring”.D.Some characteristics of the season “spring”.11.How does someone feel when he “has a spring in his step”?A.Angry.B.Surp
27、rised. C.Happy.D.Frightened.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章讲述了spring及其短语的不同意义和用法。9.D词义猜测题。本题题干意为:词组“spring to life”中的“spring”是什么意思?根据第二段中的This expression means something suddenly becomes very active or perhaps seems more alive!可知,“spring”在短语 “spring to life”中为动词,意为:迅速发生或出现,故答案为D项。10.C主旨大意题。本题题干意为:本文主要讲的是什么?纵观全文,文章讲
28、述的是spring在一些短语中的不同含义,故答案为C项。11.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:当某人步伐充满活力时(has a spring in his step),他感受如何?根据第三段中的So, we often say a person “has a spring in his step” if he is lively and active. He might even appear to jump, or bounce a little when he walks.可知答案为C项(高兴)。D(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模)Kids seem to spend endless hours
29、on smartphones, computers and tablets these days. The best thing parents can do to prevent it is to encourage youngsters to spend more time outdoors in the sunlight.There has been a massive rise around the globe in short-sightednessor myopia as its officially knownover recent decades. Myopia or shor
30、t-sightedness is becoming more common. Lack of natural light seems to be the key issue. “The main factor seems to be a lack of exposure to direct sunlight, because children who study a lot and who use computers or smartphones or tablet computers a lot have less opportunity to run around outside and
31、are less exposed to sunshine and because of that children seem to be at more risk of developing short-sightedness.”Professor Hammond says, “It may be that theres no coincidence that in East Asian countries, the most myopic ones all correlate with the maths league tables(排名表). These kids are being pu
32、shed with very intensive education from a very young age and spend a lot of time indoors studying. Therefore the concern is that all close worklike playing with the iPhonecarries the potential that it could make them more short-sighted.”The best thing to do, the experts say, is to get children playi
33、ng outside as much as possible. In a perfect world, probably on average across the week and the weekend, two hours a day outdoors can prevent children becoming short-sighted. Healthy diet is also important; get oily fish and green vegetables as much as possible. “What we need to look at is ways of m
34、odifying the impact that these indoor activities have on their visual development,” Professor Hammond said. “There are eye drops and other treatments to slow myopia progression. But in terms of preventing myopia itself, there isnt any data out there at the moment in terms of the question Could the d
35、rops we use to slow progression stop myopia developing at all?.”12.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Much natural light.B.Running around outside.C.A computer or a smartphone.D.Less exposure to sunshine.13.What does Professor Hammond think of short-sightedness among East
36、Asian children?A.It appears quite by chance.B.It is not serious enough.C.It largely relates to iPads or iPhones.D.It has something to do with their study pressure.14.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.The myopic students will decrease in the future. B.Researchers have found methods to re
37、duce myopia.C.Its still a hard job to control the childrens myopia.D.Researchers neednt collect any more data on myopia. 15.What is the best title for the text?A.Common troubles of studentsB.Problems caused by short-sightednessC.Stay outdoors more to keep good eyesightD.The importance of protecting
38、kids答案语篇解读越来越多的孩子近视,研究表明这与户外运动少有关。12.D词义猜测题。根据本句可知,孩子们因为学习或者使用电脑、手机等时间过长,所以没有什么机会去户外晒太阳,因此增加了患近视的风险。由此可推断that指代“晒太阳少”,故D项正确。13.D推理判断题。根据第三段可知,在东亚,近视与学习压力有关,D项符合文章内容。14.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的But in terms of preventing myopia itself, there isnt any data out there at the moment in terms of the question.可知,目前还没有数据显示滴眼液对于防止近视有没有效果,故控制近视依然是件艰难的工作,C项符合文章内容。15.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章指出户外活动时间少是导致近视的主要因素,C项符合文章主旨。